Cricket Today

Participation: 8000 cricket clubs in England of which, 6500 are affiliated with the ECB and 3700 of them have junior sections. More popular in independent schools rather than state as cricket roots from them; also because of greater opportunity and provision.

Factors Helped to Develop Cricket: Chance to Shine ECB campaign to regenerate competitive cricket in a third to state schools Kerry Packers World Series Cricket; invented an entertainment spectacle = increased media coverage and thus, increased sponsorship. (Golden Triangle effect). New technology makes the game more exciting and more of an entertainment spectacle, thus, attracting more media coverage as well as greater sponsorship; Golden Triangle: Bats; e.g. the Mongoose Bowling machines Protective clothing; e.g. Aero brand technology DRS decision review system Hot Spot Third Umpire and Action Replays New formats of the game, T20 and One Day, for a guaranteed result as opposed to the 5 day test matches that usually ended in a tie. This makes the game more appealing to spectators and the media. Club mark scheme and Kite mark. Kolpac ruling allowing Zimbabwean, south African and West Indian players to play in England without the need for a work permit. E.g. Kevin Pietersen, Jonathon Trott. ECB targets clubs to increase participation and allow for life long involvement through providing funding for equipment etc. Cricketing leagues such as IPL, BPL and EPL allow for media coverage to grow and thus, allows for an increase in role models, consequently, increasing participation by young people.

Barriers in partaking in Cricket: Cricket is a summer sport, where season starts around April/May, participation in schools is therefore low because of GCSE and A-level exams and then summer holidays from July onwards. Limited media coverage as opposed to other sports such as Football.

Swimming Today

Swimming Today: Participation is encouraged to all as it is an easy on joints because it is a non-weight-bearing activity and a lifelong physical involvement. Good for the treatment of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis Encouraged in school as it is part of the PESSYP strategy of which, one of the strands is Swimming.

Factors Helped to Develop Swimming: Pool technology including hoists for disabled people Improved material technology, especially at competitive level; i.e. at the Olympics Pools offering family entertainment with flumes, wave machines etc., Government targets for more swimming pools Role models such as Rebecca Adlington and Tom Daley = increase participation Different types of swimming activities; e.g. Butterfly stroke, synchronised swimming, etc.,

Barriers in partaking in Swimming: More popular with independent schools as they have provision and facilities Esteem; embarrassment or limited confidence due to poor body image Limited media coverage Cultural factors; e.g. Asian women participants Risk in pollution associated with rivers and seas