07/02/2012

Today
Housekeeping

Global Tourism: Introduction

Dr Jan Mosedale

Assignments An introduction to Global Tourism

My expectations
I expect of you to: attend lectures and workshops be on time

Housekeeping

be attentive

no mobiles (otherwise I will ask you to leave the class)

to learn actively
participate in exercises and workshops do your own reading around the subjects covered reflect about your own holiday experiences be knowledgeable about tourism resources in the region

THINK!! and submit good work

In return,
You can expect of me to: be available and approachable. listen to your issues and concerns and address them when possible. provide you with opportunities to pursue ideas and issues. give feedback on your assignments

Assignments

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Critical Reading and Writing

Question: What is the current thinking on sustainable tourism? Using relevant and appropriate references, explain the different approaches towards sustainable tourism.

Critical Reading and Writing

DUE DATE: VALUE: 50% Monday March 26th at 4pm

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Search for six relevant texts from the academic literature in the area of sustainable tourism Identify relevant paragraphs within the texts to help you answer the question. Photocopy/scan and reference the relevant paragraphs, then highlight and summarise the main points and arguments. Provide a synthesis of your chosen sources, incorporating the main points and arguments (max. 1000 word Include a reference list of all the sources you have used (reference according to Harvard).

Essay
Essay Question: Essay Question: Explain and assess the social impacts of tourism and illustrate these using a case study of your choice.

Plagiarism
Plagiarism is the dishonest use of someone elses words, facts or ideas, without proper acknowledgement or without their authorisation. Things to avoid:
Using facts or quotes without acknowledging where they came from Failing to put quotes in quotation marks Copying from other peoples assignments Providing an assignment that is little more than a series of quotes (even if they are in quotation marks)

DUE DATE: VALUE:

Wednesday May 9th at 4pm 50%

Global Tourism: Introduction

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International Arrivals Worldwide between 1950 and 2005

Why is understanding global processes vital for the tourism industry?

The European tourism industry operates within an environment over which it has little, if any, control. Powerful external forces and trends determine the conditions under which tourism operators must compete in the world market to hold on to, or improve, Europes major share (Davidson, 1998: 17)

International scale of governance Supranational scale of governance

Supranational body Supranational body

International body

Spatial Scale
Supranational body, e.g. IOC NATION STATE B

Spatial expression of tourism as an activity A way of thinking

NATION STATE A

National government State A

bilateral international relations

National government State B

The regional state, e.g. provinces or states Regional government State A

Regional government State B

World to personal scale Macro to micro

Provides different perpectives

The local state, e.g. cities

Local/City government State A

Intermestic relations, e.g. sister cities

Local/City government State B Intermestic/ international, e.g.Olympic bid

Destination promotion

Tourism A mixture of global and local scales of operation

The local can influence the global as well as vice versa

Causes of the growth of international tourism I

Growth in the economy at local and global levels Increasing levels of disposable income Increasing levels of free time

Globalisation is like putting together a jigsaw puzzle: it is a matter of inserting a multiplicity of localities into the overall picture of a new global system (Morley & Robins, 1995: 116)

Decrease in cost of living and number of dependent children. Increase in dual income households, age of marriage Growth in advertising of tourism products and destinations Technological innovations inside (e.g., 350 seater Boeing 747 launched in 1970) and outside the tourism and travel industry Relative political stability at the global level Increasing life expectancy and wealth and health of retired people

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Causes of the growth of international tourism II

Fall of Communism in Eastern Europe and the former USSR Increasing levels of education of populations Industrialisation of Southeast Asian economies Mass communication era The rise of satellite communications, the Internet, and the digital age. Social liberalisation (e.g., the rise of gay civil rights and associated growth of gay tourism)

Problems associated with international tourism

Economic recession local/national recessions have global consequences and vice versa Global oil prices
1973 = OPEC oil crisis = Tripling of oil prices 1973/4 = Arab-Israeli War 1991 = Gulf war 2003 = Gulf war (mk2) & Venezuelan oil workers strike 2005 = Oil US$60.64 per barrel (27/6/05) 2008 = Oil US$95.83 per barrel (18/2/08)

Wars Terrorism
July 22, 1968 = PLO terrorists hijacked an Israeli airliner flying from Rome to Tel Aviv = The advent of modern international terrorism, it was the first hijacking designed to terrorise a nation into changing its policy and to force world attention on a cause. The terrorist attack of 9/11 and the resultant axis of evil & war on terrorism.

Diseases and superbugs Natural disasters

Tourism Resources at the World Scale: Physical Features

Sea Mountains and hills Coast Inland water

Climatic Elements and Tourism

Temperature Humidity Sunshine Wind Precipitation Air quality

World Climate Scene

Climate Change Climate is the long-term average of weather conditions at a destination Determined by:
Latitude Location of land and sea Relief

Tourism Resources at the World Scale: Cultural Features

Culture Lifestyle Heritage World heritage sites Dark Tourism Mass Media

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Tourist Resources at the National Scale: Attractions

Attractions generate tourism How do we classify? List? natural/man-made/events Types of attraction, pulling power Market oriented resource based Reproducible nonreproducible

The Tourism Product and Destination Marketing

Tourism potential Tourism Product Viable Tourist destination

What does a destination need?

At least one attraction that can be promoted as a unique selling proposition (USP) Support facilities, including accommodation Accessibility to a major tourist-generating country Favourable pre-conditions for development, which means the provision of basic infrastructure, a tourist organization and a measure of political stability

Tourist Resources at the Local Scale

Agents of development
Public sector Private sector Community

Let the Global Tour begin

Accessibility