What is this work about

What is this thesis about? - sau - An abstract of this thesis

My thesis is about the restructuring of a foreign policy (FP). The subject of my thesis is a case of foreign policy (FP) turnabout. It comports two main questions. It explores two main questions: [nu-s sigur ca e potrivit comports aici] On the one hand, the case study is focused on the relationship between the changes brought by Gorbachev in the Soviet FP and the meetings of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe between 1985 and 1991. On one hand, the case study is focused on the relationship between the changes brought by Gorbachev in the Soviet FP and the meetings of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe between 1985 and 1991. [expresia e on one hand on the other hand] On the other hand, once the case studys conclusions were clear, we attempted (to make) some theoretical considerations about how to study and how to define the restructuring of a FP: On the other hand, once the case studys conclusions were clear, we attempted some theoretical considerations on how to study and define the turnabout of a FP: Which are the signs of a FP rearrangement? What are the signs of a FP turnabout? [which e mai degraba folosit cind e vorba de alegerea dintr-un set dat: which of you is John ? they say in this store they speak English, French, Italian, which of these languages do you speak?] Does it have clear temporal limits? Does it mean one moment, many moments, or a process? How much time a FP restructuring will take?

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Does it have clear temporal limits? Could we describe it as one moment, or many moments, or a process? How long would a FP turnabout take?

Choices On an empirical level, we chose to study the Soviet turn because it is one of the most significant and full of consequences FP rearrangements known by contemporary history, which has been extensively studied, but never considered in the angle which we propose that of grasping at the essence of change. On an empirical level, we chose to study the Soviet turnabout because it is one of the most significant and full of consequences FP rearrangements in contemporary history. It has been extensively studied, but the approach we suggest grasping the essence of change was never considered. [never ala suna foarte categoric, sper ca stii ce zici :)] On a theoretical level, we therefore made the choice of approaching the notion of restructuring in the FP exactly because it is an overlooked notion in the mainstream literature. On a theoretical level, we therefore made the choice of approaching the notion of turnabout in the FP precisely because this is an overlooked notion in the mainstream literature. Eventually, we chose to study the CSCE as it was an organism invested with a lot of importance by the Soviets themselves, where they had the opportunity to show/ of showing their FP intentions. Finally, we chose to study the CSCE as this was an organism the Soviets themselves considered very important, a pulpit where they had the opportunity to show their FP intentions. [finally vs. eventually poate ma insel; cred ca vrei sa spui in sfirsit, finalmente, nu pina la urma; eventually (he got bored) and left pina la urma s-a plictisit si a plecat; finally he left !! in sfirsit a plecat !! Sau cind enumeri, cum mi se pare ca faci aici - choice one, choice two, and finally the most important choice] Its worth mentioning that at the heart of the thesis lays the Soviet FP; the focus is not on the CSCE as an organisation which supported dissidents and which allegedly mobilized the public

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opinion for the respect of human rights.

Its worth mentioning that at the heart of the thesis lays the Soviet FP; the focus is not on the CSCE as an organisation that supported dissidents and allegedly mobilized public opinion to advance human rights. Therefore we chose not to focus on the theories of the Helsinki effect but to consider the CSCE as a tool in the diplomatic struggles of high level politics. Therefore we chose not to focus on the Helsinki effect theories, but to consider the CSCE as a tool in the diplomatic struggles of high level politics.

Dmarche

Dmarche

(poti auzi pronuntarea aici: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/demarche_) The thesis is organised around a two-step reasoning. The thesis is organised around a two-step argument.

The first part is dedicated/devoted to a state of the art concerning literature on FP. The first part is devoted to a state of the art literature concerning FP. [nu-i prea clar ai vrut sa spui remarcabila literatura de interes despre FP ?] We listed internal and external, material and non-material factors that shape it; we noticed which of these theories, rather than other ones, are usually used when studying the restructuring of Soviet FP in the Gorbachev era and we ended

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We listed internal and external, material and non-material factors that shape it; we emphasised which of these theories, rather than others, are usually used when studying the Soviet FP turnabout in the Gorbachev era and we ended with a brief state of art concerning the studies on the CSCE. ? Nu e clar. State of the art e o expresie, se refera la ceva grozav in categoria respectiva state of the art car, state of the art building etc. Nu inteleg ce ai vrut sa spui

The second part, the case study, is divided in three chapters and is organised around a chronology of the Gorbachev years (1985 - 1991). Each of the three chapters shows the changes which occurred in the USSR, on an internal level as well as in FP, and then focus on the meetings of the CSCE and the relationship between the USSR and this multilateral forum. The second part, the case study, is divided in three chapters and is organised around a chronology of the Gorbachev years (1985 - 1991). Each of the three chapters describes the changes taking place at the time in the USSR, both internal and in FP, and then focuses on the CSCE meetings and the relationship between the USSR and this multilateral forum. Sources With respect to the sources, we favoured a plurality of approaches. We needed the Russian and American views, but also the assessment of a Western European country which had invested the CSCE with significance for the European security architecture France. With respect to the sources, we favoured a multitude of approaches. We needed the Russian and American viewpoints, but also the assessment of a Western European country that had invested the CSCE with significance for the European security architecture France. We hence consulted the archives of Franois Mitterrand Institute and the National Archives of France; afterwards we made some research in the French and Anglophone press of that period, in order to notice how the CSCE was perceived as a tool of the bipolar struggle. Hence, we consulted the archives of Franois Mitterrand Institute and the National

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Archives of France; then we made some research in the French and Anglophone press of that period, in order to notice how the CSCE was perceived as a tool of the bipolar struggle. [poate trebuie dezvoltat un pic bipolar struggle ? sa fie nu subinteles ca e vorba de confruntarea urss/sua]. Finally, we benefited from the consultation of some actors memoirs mainly the account of Yuri Kashlev, head of Soviet delegation in CSCE Vienna meeting, and the account of William Korey, head of American delegation at the same meeting. Finally, we benefited from consulting some of the actors memoirs mainly the account of Yuri Kashlev, head of Soviet delegation in CSCE Vienna meeting, and the account of William Korey, head of American delegation at the same meeting.

Results With respect to the role that the CSCE might have played in the FP changes made by Gorbachev, we first eliminated the hypothesis of a causal relationship: we do not claim that the Conference was crucial to the Gorbachev team when defining the main FP directions of those years; we do not even claim that its role was decisive in the internal changes made for the respect of human rights in the USSR. With respect to the role that the CSCE might have played in the FP changes made by Gorbachev, we first eliminated the hypothesis of a causal relationship: we do not claim that the Conference was crucial for the Gorbachev team when defining the main FP directions of those years; we do not even claim that its role was decisive in the internal changes regarding the advance of human rights in the USSR. [incerc sa nu folosec respect si la inceput si la sfirsit de fraza.]

We had the opportunity to notice that this forum was useful to Soviet FP goals as it got a lot of press attention; it thus became a space where the Soviets could display their new FP lines and which allowed them to have a renewed discourse (especially because there was a great

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similitude between the Gorbachevs new thinking and the CSCE principles). We had the opportunity to note that this forum was useful to Soviet FP goals as it got a lot of press attention; it thus became a space where the Soviets could showcase their new FP lines and which allowed them a renewed discourse (especially because there was a great similitude between the Gorbachevs new thinking and the CSCE principles). A rather special relationship was established between this forum and the USSR: a formerly totalitarian state adopted the discourse, the themes and the principles of the organisation, but without totally complying with them. The real internal changes required by the Conference were in fact some concessions that the USSR agreed to make, but on a bilateral basis, dealing with the USA, avoiding/ sidestepping the 35-member stage of the CSCE.

A rather special relationship was established between this forum and the USSR: a formerly totalitarian state adopted the discourse, the themes and the principles of the organisation, but without totally [completely ? mie imi suna mai bine completely, dar cred ca e bine si totally] complying with them. The real internal changes required by the Conference were in fact some concessions that the USSR agreed to make, but on a bilateral basis, dealing with the USA, sidestepping the 35-member stage of the CSCE. [A doua fraza, in bold, nu-s sigur ca-i 100% clara on partea a doua; inteleg ce vrei sa zici, dar scrie-mi te rog toata fraza in romana.] Eventually, by trying to answer some theoretical questions about change in FP, we concluded that a FP restructuring is a process whose temporal limits are not very easy to define, but which is rather regular and scalable; it comports many FP decisions which, once they are implemented, will cause change in the directions of the external action, in the states behaviour with its allies and rivals, in the levels and the quality of the states international involvement. Eventually, by trying to answer some theoretical questions about change in FP, we concluded that a FP restructuring is a process whose temporal limits are not easily defined, but which is rather regular [? Ce ai vrut sa spui cu regular ? inseamna obisnuit; nu stiu daca-si are locul aici; cum suna in romana ?] and evolutionary; it presumes [it comports nu cred ca merge ai vrut sa spui presupune ?] many FP decisions which, once implemented, will cause change in

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the directions of the external action, in the states behaviour towards its allies and rivals, in the levels and the quality of the states international involvement.

The restructuring of the FP will be noticeable in time, effective and credible on the international stage, as the other actors will react to it consequently. It may also be defined as a change in some major FP principles, whose new pillars may be supported by a new ideology or by a new worldview. The restructuring of the FP will be noticeable in time, effective and credible on the international stage, as the other actors will react to it consequently. It may also be defined as a change in some major FP principles, whose new pillars may be supported by a new ideology or by a new worldview. [Gramatical e corect, dar pillar e stilp, ceva care sustine, parca nu suna bine ca sustinatorii (stilpii) sint sustinuti de o noua ideologie etc.]

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