Code: 9A01404

1
FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
(Mechanical Engineering)

B.Tech II Year II Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, April / MAY 2012

Time: 3 hours Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** 1

Max Marks: 70

Two large fixed parallel planes are 12 mm apart. The space between the surfaces is filled with oil of 2 2 viscosity 0.972 N.s/m . A flat thin plate 0.25 m area moves through the oil at a velocity of 0.3 m/s. Find the drag force when the plate is equidistant from both the planes and when the thin plate is at a distance of 4 mm from one of the plane surfaces. Explain Bernoullis theorem. Also list the assumptions. A pipe 200 m long slopes down at 1 in 100 and tapers from 600 mm diameter at the higher end to 300 mm at the lower end and carrier 100 lps of oil (G = 0.8). It the pressure gauge at the higher end reads 2 60 KN/m . Find velocities at the two ends and pressure at the lower end. The following data is related to an orifice meter. Diameter of the pipe = 240 mm Diameter of the orifice = 120 mm G of oil = 0.88. Reading of differential manometer = 400 mm of mercury, C d = 0.65. Find the rate of flow of oil. A jet of water moving at 20 m/s impinges on a symmetrical curved vane shaped to deflect the jet 0 0 through 120 (i.e. the vane angles and are each equal to 30 ). If the vane is moving at 5 m/s, find the angle of the jet so that there is no shock at inlet. Also determine the absolute velocity of exit in magnitude and direction, and the work done. Explain hydro electric power station with a neat sketch. What is meant by geometric similarity? Explain the term cavitation with respect to turbines. A Pelton wheel has to be designed for the following data: Power to be developed = 6000 kw. Net head available = 300 m, speed = 550 r.p.m. Ratio of jet diameter to wheel diameter = 1/10, and overall efficiency = 85%. Find the number of jets, diameter of the jet, diameter of the wheel and the quantity of water required. Explain the term NPSH. Explain indicator diagram.

2 (a) (b)

5 6 (a) (b) 7

8 (a) (b)

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Code: 9A01404

2
FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
(Mechanical Engineering)

B.Tech II Year II Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, April / MAY 2012

Time: 3 hours Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** 1

Max Marks: 70

A metal plate 1.25 m x 1.25 m x 6 mm thick and weighing 90 N is placed midway in the 24 mm gap between the two vertical plane surfaces. The gap is filled with an oil of specific gravity 0.85 and dynamic viscosity 3 N s/m2. Find the force required to lift the plate with a constant velocity of 0.15 m/s. Explain Eulers theorem. In a pipe of 90 mm diameter water is flowing with a mean velocity of 2 m/s and at a gauge pressure of 350 kN/m2. Determine the total head, if the pipe is 8 m above the datum line. Neglect friction. Determine the rate of flow of water through a pipe 300 mm diameter placed in an inclined position where a venturimeter is inserted having a throat. of 150 mm. The difference of pressure between the main and throat is measured by a liquid of G = 0.7 in an inverted U tube which gives a reading of 260 mm. The loss of head between the main and throat is 0.3 times the kinetic head of the pipe. Show that the efficiency of a free jet striking normally a series of flat plates mounted on the periphery of a wheel never exceeds 50%. Explain the various types of hydro electric power stations. Explain specific quantities of hydraulic turbines. What is water hammer? Explain with respect to a turbine. Give the classification of turbines in detail. Find the power required to drive a centrifugal pump which delivers 40 lps to a height of 20 m. through a 150 mm dia. and 100 m long pipeline. The overall efficiency of pump is 70% and Darcys f = 0.06 for the pipeline. Assume inlet losses in suction pipe equal to 0. 33m.

2 (a) (b)

5 6 (a) (b) 7 8

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Code: 9A01404

3
FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
(Mechanical Engineering)

B.Tech II Year II Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, April / MAY 2012

Time: 3 hours Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** 1 (a) (b) 2

Max Marks: 70

Give a complete classification of different types of manometers (do not give sketches) mentioning the conditions for which each type of manometer is suitable. Derive the expressions for the pressure intensity inside a droplet, a soap bubble and a liquid jet. A pipe line carrying oil ( G = 0.8 ) changes in diameter from 300 mm at position 1 to 600 mm diameter at position 2, which is 5 m. at a higher level. If the pressures at positions 1 and 2 are 100 2 2 kN/m and 60 kN/m respectively and the discharge is 300 lps, find loss of head and direction of flow. What is the significance of upper and lower critical Reynoldss numbers. A differential manometer is connected between the inlet and throat sections of a venture meter. Show that the manometer reading is unaltered whatever be the inclination of the venturimeter. A jet of water 50 mm in diameter having a velocity of 20 m/s, strikes normally a flat smooth plate. Determine the thrust on the plate if the plate is at rest and if the plate if the plate is moving in the same direction as the jet with a velocity of 8 m/s. Also find the work done per second on the plate and the efficiency of the jet when the plate is moving. Explain the various elements of hydro electric power station with sketches. What are the various characteristic curves of a turbine? What is the necessity of characteristic curves? An inward flow reaction turbine discharges radially and the velocity of flow is constant and equal to the velocity of discharge from the turbine. Show that the hydraulic efficiency can be expressed by

3 (a) (b)

5 6

Where and 8

are respectively the guide vane angle and wheel vane angle at inlet.

Explain the classification of centrifugal pumps. Explain the working of a centrifugal pump.

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Code: 9A01404

4
FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
(Mechanical Engineering)

B.Tech II Year II Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, April / MAY 2012

Time: 3 hours Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks

Max Marks: 70

*****
1 (a) (b) Explain U-Tube manometers. A fluid has an absolute viscosity of 0.048 Pa- s and a specific gravity of 0.913. For flow of such a fluid over a solid flat surface, the velocity at a point 75 mm away from the surface is 1.125 m/s. calculate the shear stresses at the solid boundary and also at the points 25 mm, 50 mm and 75 mm away from the surface in normal direction, if the velocity distribution across the surface is linear, parabolic with vertex at the point 75 mm away from the surface. Gasoline (G = 0.8) is flowing upwards through a vertical pipeline which tapers from 300 mm to 150 mm dia. A gas line mercury differential manometer is connected between 300 mm and 150 mm pipe section to measure the rate of flow. The distance between the manometer tappings is 1 m and gauge reading is 500 mm of mercury. Find differential gauge reading in terms of gasoline head. Also find the rate of flow. Neglect friction and other losses. Derive Darcy Weisbach equation and give its significance. What is flow nozzle? Explain. The rotor of an inward flow hydraulic turbine has a diameter over the tips of the blades of 1 m. The diameter at the bottom of the blade is 0.6 m. The speed is 300 r.p.m. the water is supplied 0 through fixed values at 10 to the tangent to the outer circumference of the rotor, the velocity of water being 10 m/s. Find the blade angle at entry and exit, so that the water may enter and leave the moving blades without shock, the water leaves the blades with the velocity entirely radial and equal to 3.5 m/s. Also find the velocity of water relative to the blades at the inlet. Explain the various types of hydroelectric power stations. What are unit quantities? Explain any two characteristic curves of a turbine. The following data were obtained from a test on a pelton wheel. Head at the base of the nozzle = 32 3 m discharge of the nozzle = 0.18 m /s. Area of the jet = 7500 sq. mm. Power available at the shaft = 44 KW mechanical efficiency = 94 % Calculate the power lost in the nozzle, in the runner and in mechanical friction. Explain the working of a reciprocating pump in detail.

3 (a) (b) 4

5 6 (a) (b) 7

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