1

1 19716

CO2
..9

Research on the Quantification of GHG from Ships and Chinas Policy Response
Haifeng Wang1
1 University of Delaware, College of Earth, Marine, and Environment, Newark, DE, 19716

Abstract:
Greenhouse Gases from ships have attracted increasing attention. China, together with other developing
countries requires that the Common But Differentiated Responsibility should be the basis of international
negotiations on GHG reduction from ships; while developed countries insist that the Equal Treatment to All
Ships should be applied. This study uses sample of containerships from China to the United States and
analyzes the differences of these two scenarios in terms of economic cost. If all ships are required to reduce
emissions, Chinese containerships and exports have to pay between $0.18 billion and $0.19 billion more,
which may impose more cost to Chinas export industry. This study then discusses the strategies and policies
in international shipping GHG emission reduction regime.
Key Words: GHG, Emission Reduction from Ships, Chinas Response

H08YB06
1

[1] CO2
[2] 2007 CO2 3.3%
10.46 t [3]

CO2 CO2

1978 1973
Marpol73/78 CO2

IMOIMO
IMO
CO2 IMO
IMO

[4]

1 [5]

CO2

CO2

UNCTAD 2007

Table 1: The Major Flag States in 2006 (Source: UNCTAD 2007)

tkt

7199
1908
1394
1459
963
1159
2080
1287
3700
966
614
22729

232148
105227
55238
55145
54644
54341
51043
40201
34926
29627
20285
732825

Fijk = MFk

s
1k
sok

3
d

+ AFk ij
24 s1k

(1)

i j k ij F MF
AF s1k s0k
[6] d ij
CO2 IPCC
1t 3.15t CO2 CO2 E(2)

E = 3.15 Fijk
i , j ,k

(2)

CO2 P CO2 CO2

3

C=

P (1 ) E
Export

(3)

E CO2 C CO2 CO2

CO2 $50 t 0-5% CO2

[7-9]

Entrances and Clearances [10]

[11] STEEM
[12] 2005 Waterborne Databank
2
1
2

3
2

Table 2: The Summary of Three Types of Containerships

/nautical miles

5225

7784

8390

2354

/knots

23.1

23.3

23.3

21.7

38000

37700

37300

26900

10

10

10

313

1862

469

18215

34

262

80

1038

/d

9.1

7.1

5.9

17.5

/kwh
/ 2005

4 CO2
4.1
(1)(2) 2005 38 t 120 t CO2
3.4%
3 CO2 5

 32005 CO2

Table 3: The Origin and Destination Ports and CO2 Emissions in 2005

CO2 t

565000

427000

265000

150000

95200

CO2 50 t CO2 5700 6000

2850 3000
96000 CO2
4.2
Entrances and Clearances 2005 262
2125 80 550 80
CO2 CO2 CO2
174 t
CO2 5.0% 7 15 37
CO2 60 t
CO2
CO2 CO2
8270 8700 50% 4130 4350
0.08% 4 1t 2005
CO2630 t 19% 33 26

CO2 3.1 3.3 50% CO2

0.10% t
5
0.009% 5%
1%[13]

 4 CO2 CO2
1.3 1.4

4 CO2

Table 4: CO2 Emissions and Costs for Containerships

CO2 /10^6 t
CO2 /10^6

1.74

6.5

41.3 - 43.5

154 - 168

0.08%

0.10%

5.5

/
t /*t

-1

CO2
1.8 1.9
1.4 1.5

1.8 ~1.9

2009 6 MEPC CO2

CO2 MEPC
CO2 2009 12

CO2

CO2

(Energy Efficiency Design Index)

:
1982 7

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7

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