FLUID MOVING MACHINERIES

FLUID MOVING MACHINERIES

Pumps
A pump is a machine for raising a liquid - a relatively incompressible fluid - to a higher level of pressure or head.

Compressors
A compressor is a machine for raising a gas - a compressible fluid - to a higher level of pressure.

Blowers
A blower is a machine for moving volumes of a gas with moderate increase of pressure.

Fans
A fan moves large amounts of gas with low increase in pressure.

ANY OPTION ? ! ? !!!!

Types of Pumps
Positive Displacement Pumps
Reciprocating Pumps
Piston pump Plunger pump Diaphragm pump

Centrifugal Pumps
End suction pumps In-line pumps Double suction pumps Vertical multistage pumps Horizontal multistage pumps Submersible pumps Self-priming pumps Axial-flow pumps Regenerative pumps

Rotary Positive Displacement Pumps

Rotary lobe pump Progressing cavity pump Rotary gear pump Screw pump Gear pump Vane pump Regenerative (peripheral) pump Peristaltic pump

Centrifugal Pump

Pressure Gauge

Centrifugal Pumps in Parallel and Series

NPSH

From: www.engineeringtoolbox.com

NPSH
Available NPSHa - the Pump is above the Tank If the pump is positioned above the tank, NPSHa decreases when the elevation of the pump increases. At some level the NPSHa will be reduced to zero and the fluid starts to evaporate. Available NPSHa - the Pump is below the Tank If the pump is positioned below the tank, the elevation - he - is negative and the NPSHa increases when the elevation of the pump decreases (lowering the pump). It's always possible to increase the NPSHa by lowering the pump (as long as the major and minor head loss due to a longer pipe don't increase it more). This is important and it is common to lower the pump when pumping fluids close to evaporation temperature. Required NPSH - NPSHr or NPSHR The NPSHr, called as the Net Suction Head as required by the pump in order to prevent cavitation for safe and reliable operation of the pump. The required NPSHr for a particular pump is in general determined experimentally by the pump manufacturer and a part of the documentation of the pump.

From: www.engineeringtoolbox.com

 The available NPSHa of the system should always exceeded the required NPSHr of the pump to avoid vaporization and cavitation of the impellers eye. The available NPSHa should in general be significant higher than the required NPSHr to avoid that head loss in the suction pipe and in the pump casing, local velocity accelerations and pressure decreases, start boiling the fluid on the impeller surface. Note that the required NPSHr increases with the square capacity.

Mechanical Seal

Mechanical Seal with Lantern Gland

Flanges

Globe Valves

Gate Valves

Ball Valve

Butterfly Valve

Control Valve

Check Valves