Class Notes: The Age of Imperialism

Period 6 Regan Sonny An

Notes LESSON FROM HISTORY The weak and the oppressed will eventually rise up against those who abuse their power. Root word of imperialism: Empire. o Imperialism is the drive for wealth and power. o Imperialism expanding an empire by taking over other territories.

OLD IMPERIALISM Spain was the most powerful imperialist country in the 1500 and 1600s. o The Conquistadors come in contact with various Native American tribes such as the Mayans, Incas, and Aztecs. The Conquistadors fought for God, gold, and glory, otherwise dubbed as The 3 Gs. o Some Jesuit priests (of Spanish origin), however, fought against the Conquistadors and ultimately their government as they see the oppression and exploitation of the natives.

THE MISSION, MOVIE NOTES God, the Jesuit priests along the falls. Gold, enslaving the natives.

1521, the Aztecs were conquered by Hernn Cortez. THE INCA EMPIRE 13th century 16th century 1533: Francisco Pizarro conquered the Incas

INFLUENCES UPON LATIN AMERICA REVOLUTIONS The Enlightenment The American Revolution The French Revolution

In the 1800s, Latin Americans would rebel. Revolutions in Latin America, 1804 1824.

Class Notes: The Age of Imperialism

Period 6 Regan Sonny An Industrialization, the difference between old Imperialism and new NEW IMPERIALISM Military, geographic, political and economic dominance

Why would a country want to expand its power? Natural resources Markets for goods Nationalism (patriotism) Rivalries and prestige Religion Adventure

Rudyard Kipling, The White Mans Burden You cannot view the past through the veil of the present.

The sun never sets on the British empire. THE STOLEN GENERATIONS (1900 S 1970S) 100,000 Australian aboriginal children taken, by the British-Australian government, from their families. o Most never saw their families again.

BURNUM BURNUM Half-caste integrated into European society Actor and political activist

THE RAJ (MID 1700S 1900S) By the 1700s, Britain takes control of India to protect its investments and ensure stability Indians became subjects of Queen Victoria Indians became second class within their own country

Indian caste system British class system CULTURE CLASH Suttee the burning of dead husbands and their widows, dead or alive Sepoys Indian soldiers in the British army

Class Notes: The Age of Imperialism

Period 6 Regan Sonny An THE SEPOY REBELLION (1857) In response to the massacre of British citizens, British government developed blood-lick law.

PASSAGE TO INDIA Social Class Difference in India Scenario Native Indians British Dock; by the Pier Standing in the sun Sitting on bleachers with shade On the Train Cramped enclosures; no bed 1st class dining and rooms On the Road Riding bikes or walking Ignoring traffic on luxury cars Housing Shoddy, worn-down Organized, clean At Parties Standing in the sun Sipping tea under parasols Language Barrier Some speak English None speak Hindi Indians are begging two British ladies for money, whom are riding in carriages. East is East. Its just a matter of culture. Two British ladies just took away an Indian doctors carriage while the doctor will have to pay the carriage-driver.

CHINA China had much to offer, including porcelain, silk, and tea.

THE MIDDLE KINGDOM China saw itself as being halfway between earth and heaven. Foreigners were considered as barbarians. Only 1 port for foreign traders: Guangzhou.

BRITAINS OPIUM Emperor Jia Qing in 1799 outlawed opium use in China. o Britain, however, continued to smuggle it into China. Lin Tse-Hsu, on behalf of the emperor, wrote a letter in 1839 to Queen Victoria, advising Britain to stop the opium trade. First Opium war (1839 1842) Second Opium war (1856 1860)

1899 OPEN DOOR POLICY 1. Imperialistic countries will respect each others trading rights in China. 2. Imperialist countries would join together to put down any Chinese resistance.

Class Notes: The Age of Imperialism

Period 6 Regan Sonny An SOCIETY OF HARMONIOUS FISTS Little Chinese girls began to disappear

BOXER UPRISING Put down by Imperialist powers

FALL OF THE QING DYNASTY (1912) Pu Yi, the last emperor of China

1911-1912 CHINESE REVOLUTION JAPAN 1853 Commodore Matthew Perry arrives The Tokugawa Shogun would fall o Replaced by the Meiji Emperor Mutsuhito Sun Yat-sen, the father of modern China

MEIJI RESTORATION Japan becomes modernized

SINO-JAPANESE WAR Japanese are victorious over their long-time rival: China

THE RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR (1904-1905) Manchukuo, the sun of a new nation Japan made Pu Yi, 28 years old, the Emperor of Manchukuo from 1934-1945

OTTOMAN EMPIRE (EARLY 14TH EARLY 20TH CENTURY) Turkey, the ruling country in the Ottoman Empire By the 19th century, the Ottoman Empire was similar to that of the Spanish empire o Outdated and losing power quickly o Known as the Sick Man of Europe

AFRICA

Class Notes: The Age of Imperialism

Period 6 Regan Sonny An Offered palm oil, copper, ivory, rubber, cocoa beans, gold, diamonds, and adventure in the Dark Continent Many natural resources and slave labor

18TH CENTURY TRANS-ATLANTIC TRIANGULAR TRADE Slave traders did not separate tribes The Door of No Return at Goree Island, Senegal

THE MIDDLE PASSAGE Took 1-5 months depending on the weather

TWO DIFFERENT VIEWS OF A FRICA David Livingstone, a Christian missionary o Learns from the indigenous people o Returns to England in 1856 and 1864 to tell his stories o Fought to abolish slave trade Henry Stanley o Stanleys team hired Africans to find dr. Livingstone o 1971 Stanley finds Livingstone 1873, Livingstone dies in Zambia

BERLIN CONFERENCE 1884-1885 Initiated by King Leopold II

THE BELGIAN CONGO Henry Stanley paved the way for King Leopold II

JOHN NEWTON Captain of a slave ship Impress forced into the British navy Changed his life around; fought against slavery

WILLIAM WILBERFORCE Member of the British Parliament from 1784-1812 Fought for over 40 years to end slavery in England

Class Notes: The Age of Imperialism

Period 6 Regan Sonny An SLAVE TRADE ACT 1807 John Newton dies in 1807

SLAVERY ABOLITION ACT 1833 The British Empire continued to expand GHANA Further British expansion in Africa led to conflict with the Ashanti of the Gold Coast (modernday Ghana) Ashanti fight against the British to preserve slavery Conquered enemies were sometimes used as human sacrifices o Blood of the fallen were used to wash the feet of their king o Others were sold to Europeans as slaves Fought for over 75 years until 1900, when the British overpowered the Ashanti

SOUTH AFRICA In the 1600s the Dutch settled in the southern part of Africa o Dutch South Africans became known as Boers Later changed to Afrikaners Boers fight over land with the indigenous people, such as the Zulu, led by Shaka British arrives, Zulu vs. Dutch, vs. British o Dutch leaves, the Great Trek 1835-1845

THE ANGLO-ZULU WAR In 1889, British overpowered the Zulu Cecil Rhodes o Founded De Beers Mining Company o At one point, controlled 90% of the worlds diamond production o Become Prime Minister of Cape Colony (modern-day South Africa) o Wanted to link British colonies in Africa by railroad o Northern (Zambia) and Southern (Zimbabwe) Rhodesia o Set up Rhodes Scholarship: Oxford Only originally set up for British, US, and Germany

THE ANGLO-BOER WAR 1899-1902 Union of South Africa was created