What is Science?

We have been learning this for several years so we have a pretty good idea of how
to describe it. When we hear things like the planets, living things, inventions, part of the body, these are studied in Science. Science comes from the Latin word scire or scientia which means to know. -it is a large systematized body of knowledge based on facts and truths by actual experiences, observation, experimentation and reasoning. -it is an investigation and interpretation of events in the physical environment and within our bodies. -a process and as a product; Science as a process entails the use of scientific method while as a product because of the information or facts discovered and ideas developed -a search for answer to questions about nature-physical world, its phenomena -a continuous search for knowledge Let us have fun and use as acronym so we can remember what Science is: S- Systematic C- Comprehensive I-Investigation and E- Exploration of N- Natures C- Causes and E- Effects Systematic- the root word is system. This means orderly and being organized. It follows an organization, a hierarchy and a sequence of steps. You will see how living things are grouped, substances are catalogued and some experiments performed. Comprehensive- in science, for truth to be universally, all conditions must be considered. Science tries to develop laws, theories and principles that would encompass everything in the universe. Although there maybe exceptions and deviations and inaccuracy, it is the hope that a concept would be comprehensive enough to explain a particular situation. Investigation- it involves observing, testing and harnessing the results. To find out what causes rainbows, you would be investigating events during rainfall. To know how things work, you investigate. Exploration- science is discovering new things, not just going up in outer space or down in the ocean, but also discovering new species of plants, animals, microorganisms and how new technologies work. Nature- is simply everything around us, whether living or non-living things. Science is nature, to understand science is to understand nature. Causes- How was the earth formed? When? Why? In science you learn to ask these questions about the things around you. When an occurrence or phenomena happens, there is always a cause. Effects- What will be the impact of this events or occurrence on others? As you shall find out later, for every actions, there is an equal or opposite reaction. Branches of Science
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Physical Science- branch of natural sciences/ non- living things

1. Astronomy- study of the universe/ heavenly bodies, beyond the earths atmosphere. 2. Chemistry- study of structure, composition, properties and reactions of matter. 3. Geology- study of the earth and its history. 4. Meteorology- study of the atmosphere and the phenomena that occurs in it, including weather and climate. 5. Physics- study of matter and energy and its application, including gravity, light and time. 6. Oceanography- the exploration and study of the ocean

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Biological Science/ Life Science- concerned with the characteristics and behaviours
of organisms, their existence and the interactions they have with each other and with their environment 1. Botany- study of plants 2. Zoology- study of animals

Sub- branches: 1. Anatomy- study of the structure and parts of the body 2. Physiology- study of the functions and activities of body parts 3. Cytology- study of the structure of all normal and abnormal components of cells 4. Ecology- study of relationships of organisms to their physical environments and to one another 5. Embryology- study of the development of organism in the uterus 6. Entomology- study of insects 7. Genetics- study of heredity, characteristics acquired from parents 8. Microbiology- study of bacteria and viruses

B. Social Sciences- study of human acts 1. Psychology- study of human behaviour 2. Sociology- study of group behaviour and its effect on society

Technology- application of scientific knowledge and advances for practical purposes especially in
the field of industry -it is a way of using the findings in science to produce new things for a better way of living, necessary for human sustenance and comfort

Advantages/ Benefits of Technology

1. Technology helps us do our work easier, faster and more efficient. 2. Technology improves our quality of life making it more comfortable and convenient 3. It can provide answers to many questions about the things in our environment that human nature cannot explain 4. Technology opens new door to researchers and innovations

Disadvantages/Harmful Effects
1. Technology can create environmental problems Ex. Global warming, pollution, ocean destruction 2. It causes physical and mental stress 3. Diseases brought about by wrong lifestyle that shortens life span * Science is therefore both a body of knowledge and a process. It is a powerful tool, not master of human kind. It should strengthen and enrich not destroy human kind.

TYPES OF TECHNOLOGY
1. Gadget/ Tool- any instrument that can be used to make our work easier, faster and more convenient. It also makes possible for us to do things which we normally cannot do. 2. Product- anything that makes life pleasant and comfortable. It can be in the form of food, clothing, cosmetics, medicines or materials used by the body. Products can also be things used in agriculture, researches, hygiene or any consumable products. 3. Process/ Technique- it refers to the method or procedure to be followed in order to come out with a result or a product.

Superstitious or Scientific? What is superstition? It is a belief or practice that has been handed down from generation to generation which may or may not have a scientific basis or explanation. - It is a belief or practice founded on illogical or irrational feelings. - If a practice or a belief is superstitious, it is definitely unscientific. Here are some beliefs and how they were explained scientifically.

TOPIC Mirrors

SUPERSTITION A mirror attracts lightning during a thunderstorm

BASIS OF SUPERSTITION Probably, because some think a mirror captures ones soul, so a lightning soul will be captured Probably, a Northern hemisphere belief, to align oneself with the earths magnetic field Probably people instilled fear so kids would practice etiquette and good manners

SCIENTIFIC APPROACH Lightning is an electrical discharge due to the attraction of positive and a negative-end You sleep in the position you are most comfortable with- the science of ergonomics Sneezing is a reaction due to foreign matter; transmission of germsscience of medicine

Sleeping

Sneezing

You sleep best with your head to the north and your feet to the south Cover your mouth when sneezing or else your will escape

Science explains the reason for these occurrences in a deliberate and systematic manner, so everyone will be convinced that this is the truth. 1. Why do you think people in the past believed in superstitions? 2. Today, would people still believe in superstitions? Why or why not? 3. Do you think what you will learn in science will help clarify or explain these superstitions? Why or why not? 4. Enumerate at least 5 beliefs or practices you still practice at home.