MARITIME ENGLISH

A - BRIEF HISTORY OF SHIPS The dugout was an early boat. People moved rafts with poles and oars. Egyptians developed sailing ships. The Phoenicians dominated Mediterranean commerce with galleys for centuries. Vikings built their ships of oak planks. Viking ships were propelled by sail and oars and steered with an oar fixed to the starboard (steerboard). The rudder replaced the steering oar. Wooden sailing ships such as clippers and schooners reached their highest level of development between 1840 and 1905. Iron supplanted wood in ship construction. After the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 iron-hulled steamships travelled from Europe to China. The steam engine was followed by the steam turbine. Diesel engines were first used on vessels in 1912.

Sailing Ships

TYPES OF SHIPS

MARITIME ENGLISH
B - TYPES OF SHIPS We can classify ships as Merchant Ships, Naval Ships (Warships) Pleasure Crafts B.I - MERCHANT SHIPS Merchant ships can be classified as Cargo ships Service ships Passenger ships Fishing vessels

B.I.1 - CARGO SHIPS Cargo ships can be classified as bulk cargo ships and general cargo ships. B.I.1.1 - Bulk Cargo Ships There is a specific classification for bulk cargo ships as dry bulk cargo ships and liquid bulk cargo ships. Bulk liquid cargoes such as crude oil or petroleum products are carried in tankers. Chemicals are transported in chemical tankers.

TYPES OF SHIPS

MARITIME ENGLISH
Gas carriers carry LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) or LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas).

Bulk carriers (bulkers) carry cargoes in bulk such as grain, iron ore, fertilizer, timber, sugar, coal.

B.I.1.2 - GENERAL CARGO SHIPS Reefers (Refrigerated Cargo Carriers) carry refrigerated cargo such as fish, meat, and fruit.

TYPES OF SHIPS

MARITIME ENGLISH

Container ships carry cargo in containers, which are made of steel or aluminium

Roll-on/roll-off ships (RO-RO) are always distinguished by large doors in the hull and by external ramps that fold down to allow rolling between pier and ship.

Heavy-lift ships can transport huge sections of process equipment around the world

TYPES OF SHIPS

MARITIME ENGLISH

Livestock carriers are designed to carry farm animals.

B.I.2 - SERVICE SHIPS Cable-layers lay and repair transoceanic cables.

Pipe-layers lay pipes.

TYPES OF SHIPS

MARITIME ENGLISH

Dredgers deepen and clear waterways.

Icebreakers open lanes for other ships through frozen waters.

Tugboats are designed to assist a large vessel in berthing, unberthing or departing the port or fire fighting.

TYPES OF SHIPS

MARITIME ENGLISH
Offshore supply vessels are designed to support equipment to oil rigs and drilling platforms located in the open seas.

Barges are flat bottomed, large boats and are used for transporting goods in inland waterways.

Pilot Boat

TYPES OF SHIPS

MARITIME ENGLISH

B.I.3 - PASSENGER SHIPS Any ship with space for more than 12 passengers is a passenger ship by international law. Cruise ships vary in size, condition, class, propulsion and accommodations Ferries are vessels of any size that carry passengers and their vehicles on fixed routes over short cross-water passages. Excursion boats include dinner boats, sightseeing vessels and whale watching boats and they do not provide overnight accommodations.

B.I.4 - FISHING VESSELS Fishing vessels are Whaling Ships Fish Processing Vessels Trawlers Purse Seiners.

B.2 - NAVAL SHIPS Some naval ships are Aircraft Carriers Destroyers Cruiser Submarine

TYPES OF SHIPS