NOISE POLLUTION:

NOISE: Noise is define as unwanted sound, consequently it can be considered as the wrong sound in the wrong place at wrong time, it is the energy residual pollution SOURCES OF NOISE POLLUTION: Noise can be emitted from a point source (electric fan) an areal source (discotheque) or a line source (moving train). It diffuses rapidly from its source and at an adequate distance from the source the noise is not felt. It may also comes from 12345Trafficthe main source Industrial equipment. Construction activities. Sporting and crowd activities. Low-flying aircraft.

CLASSIFICATION OF SOUND: Sounds are classified as Continous ( uninterrupted sound level that varies less than 5 dB like household fan) Intermittent( it is a continous sound that last for more than one second but then is interrupted for more than one second example is dentists drill) Impulsive (it a sound of duration less than one second example is typewriter or hammering noise)

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOUND: SOUND WAVES: sound is defined as any pressure variation that a human ear can detect. The simplest sound pressure variation produces a sinusoidal wave pattern. Some terms are: 12345Amplitude: the max or min pressure Wavelength: the distance b/w successive trough and crests. Period: the time b/w successive peaks or troughs. Frequency: the number of complete pressure variations or cycle per second. Speed of sound.

Period and frequency are related as P=1/f Wavelength and frequency are related as lambda=c/f SOUND POWER: The rate at which energy is transmitted by a sound wave is called sound power measured in watt (W). SOUND INTENSITY: The average sound power per unit area normal to the direction of the propogation of sound waves is termed as sound intensity. Measured in watt/metre2. Formulae::

THE DECIBELS: The sound pressure is proportional to the square if the sound pressure, the sound pressure level in decibels is defined as follows:

Lp=the sound pressure level in decibels dB P= the pressure measured Po= the reference pressure (20 microPa) it is also called threshold of hearing. i.e. weakest sound. The term level denotes the relative measurement. The sound pressure levels below 25 dB are not normally encountered. The sound pressure level depends upon the power output of the noise source and the environment of the measurement position.

NOISE AND PEOPLE: LOUDNESS HEARING DAMAGE SPEECH INTERFERENCE WORK INTERFERENCE ANNOYANCE

NOISE SECTION OF EIA (PAGE416) BASELINE NOISE SURVEY PROBABLE NOISE EMMISION LEVELS STATEMENT OF PROBABLE IMPACTS PROPOSED REMEDIAL MEASURES

NOISE CONTROL: 1- Control at source: the source could be modified by acoustic treatment. Or source operation gets limited to certain times of the day. 2- Control along transmission path: it could be modified by containing the source inside asound insulating enclosure. 3- Control at receiver end: it could be modified by the protection of the receiver by altering the work schedule or by the provision of ear protection.