Agricultural Master Plan

Presidential Brief
Agricultural Transformation Agenda
We will grow Nigerias agricultural sector

September 9th 2011 Presentation made by the Honorable Minister of Agriculture to the Economic Management Team
Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
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Agricultural Transformation Agenda

Directly building on Mr. Presidents Transformation Agenda
The Agricultural Transformation Agenda Nigeria can no longer continue to be a sleeping giant; we have to wake up and if we wake up, we must begin to do things differently
- His Excellency, President Goodluck E. Jonathan GCFR, President, Commander-in-Chief of the Armed forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria
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Historical review
Our historical dominance in international agricultural trade
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Nigeria's lost glory in the world trade of groundnuts

Our former glory in the global trade of groundnut Circa 1961
Share of worlds shelled groundnut exports in 1961* Measure: % of world trade
Nigerias dominance was eclipsed by China, USA and Argentina

Nigerias export volumes compared to global export volumes for shelled groundnut 1961 2008* Measure: Thousands of metric tons
Nigerias Exports
Global Exports
0%
16%
Others Nigeria
Our competitors maintained their

dominance due to strong marketing organizations that linked the farmers to markets and hence were able to meet new strict sanitary and phytosanitary requirements, particularly for Aflatoxin, a serious food toxin. New technologies, Aflasafe, have been developed in Nigeria by IITA to enable Nigeria meet the new strict sanitary and phytosanitary requirements.
Global market-share trend of shelled groundnut among key producers** Measure: Percent of global trade of shelled Groundnut USA China Argentina Nigeria 2008
*FAO
** Doreo Analysis, FAO
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Nigeria's lost glory in the world trade of palm oil

Our former glory in global trade of palm oil Circa 1961
Share of worlds palm oil exports in 1961* Measure: % of world trade
Nigerias dominance was eclipsed by Indonesia and Malaysia

Nigerias export volumes compared to global export volumes 1961 2008** Measure: Thousands of metric tons Nigerias Exports 4% Global Exports
Others
Nigeria
9%
While Nigeria declined rapidly, the

industry grew even faster to over 33 Million metric tons. Our competitors at the time - Indonesia and Malaysia, continued to invest in their agricultural sector, with a particular emphasis on R&D to develop higher yielding varieties and remain competitive. This investment translated into countries such as Malaysia today controlling 40% of the world trade of Oil Palm products valued at over US$18 Billion
Global market-share trend of palm oil among key producers** Measure: Percent of global trade of palm oil Malaysia
Indonesia
Nigeria 2008
*FAO
** Doreo Analysis, FAO
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Nigeria's stagnation in the world trade of cocoa

Our former glory in global trade of cocoa Circa 1961
Share of worlds cocoa exports in 1961* Measure: % of world trade
Nigerias dominance was eclipsed by Indonesia and Cote dIvoire

Nigerias export volumes 1961 2008* Measure: Thousands of metric tons Nigerias exports 0.4% Cocoa Bean Price ** Measure : US$ per metric ton
Others
Nigeria
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
While Nigerias production stagnated,

the industry grew to over 2.7 Million MT. Our competitors maintained their dominance due to strong marketing organizations that linked the farmers to markets and provided support in the form of improved planting material, fertilizer, credit and rural infrastructure. Our stagnation has meant we have been unable to benefit fully from rapidly rising global prices.
Global market-share trend of cocoa among key producers*** Measure: Percent of global trade of cocoa Cote dIvoire Ghana Indonesia Nigeria 2008
*FAO
** Index Mundi
*** Doreo Analysis, FAO
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Nigeria's lost glory in the world trade of cotton

Our former position in global trade of cotton Circa 1961
Share of the worlds cotton exports in 1961* Measure: % of world trade
Nigerias dominance was eclipsed by Mali and Burkina Faso

Nigerias export volumes compared to global export volumes 1961 2008* Measure: Thousands of metric tons Nigerias exports Global exports 1%
2% Others Nigeria
In 1961, Nigeria was the major West

African cotton exporter , however, its prominence has been eclipsed by Mali and Burkina Faso. Our competitors maintained their dominance due to strong marketing organizations, that linked the farmers to markets and provided support in the form of improved planting materials and fertilizer and the ability to meet quality standards.
Global market-share trend of Cotton among key West African producers ** Measure: Percent of global trade of Cotton Mali
Burkina Faso
Nigeria 2008
*FAO
**Doreo Analysis, FAO
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Nigeria lost a US$10 Billion (1.6 Trillion Naira) annual export opportunity from four agricultural commodities alone
Potential annual export revenues assuming Nigeria maintained its 1961 market share* Measure: Millions of USD
Current export revenue
Oil Palm
Cocoa
Groundnut
Cotton
Potential additional export revenues
Potential export revenue
Additional
export revenues assuming 1961s market share applied to 2008s values for global trade of individual commodities.
* Doreo Analysis, FAO
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Our inability to compete

A review of Nigerias low agricultural productivity
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Nigerias low agricultural productivity Yield per hectare

Comparison of Nigerias yields across all crops versus other leading agricultural countries
Index of crop yields relative to Nigerias yields in 1961* Measure: Relative growth in crop yields Annual growth rates 1961 2008 3% 2% 2.3% 1.6% 1.2%
Key takeaways
Yield per Hectare is the driver of

agricultural competitiveness.
Malaysia Thailand Indonesia Brazil Nigeria
Nigeria's yield per hectare is 20% to

50% of that obtained in similar developing countries.
In 1961, Indonesias yields were lower

than that of Nigeria. In 20 years Indonesia increased its yield 3 times.
Indonesia lowest in 1961

1961 1970 1980 1990 2000 2008 Nigerias low fertilizer utilization** Measure: Kg per hectare Nigerias low utilization of improved seeds** Measure: Percent of farmers
Nigeria has one of the lowest usage

rates of agric inputs.
Across the board, Nigeria ranks at the

bottom on agric indices Mechanization Intensity: 10 tractors
per 100 Ha compared to Indonesia with 241 tractors per 100 Ha Irrigation: 0.8% of arable land irrigated compared to Thailands 28% of arable land irrigated
* Doreos Analysis, FAO **IFDC
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The Role of government expenditure in agricultural growth Asia versus Nigeria

Agricultural growth trends and government expenditure Nigeria versus Asia
Per capita agricultural growth in production* Measure : Metric tons of production per person Annual growth rates 1961 2009 Malaysia Thailand Nigeria China 1961 1970 1980 1990 2000 2009 Agriculture budget as a percentage of total government expenditure by region** Measure : % of total government expenditure 3.5% 2% 0.2% 1.9%
Nigeria No. 1 in 1961 Now declining
Key takeaways Malaysia, Thailand and China all experienced significant growth in agricultural production per capita.
Conversely, Nigerias agricultural

production per capita has stagnated and has been declining rapidly over the last decade.
The driver of Asias growth was

significant government investment.
Asia invested up to 16% of their

national budget in agriculture to lay the foundation for broader economic growth and industrialization.
Asia Africa Nigeria

1980 1990 2000 2005
Nigeria's investment in exceptionally

low averaging approximately 2% of government expenditure.
*Doreos Analysis
**IFPRI
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Our new glory The glory of food imports

As we do not produce... We must import
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Nigeria Imports over 1 Trillion Naira in wheat, rice, sugar and fish every year
Nigerias imports Nigerias top 4 food imports * Measure: Annual food imports in billions of naira Wheat Worlds largest importer of US hard red and white winter Wheat Rice Worlds #2 Importer
Key takeaways
Nigerias food import bill is exceptionally high. The

top four imports consume over 1 trillion naira in foreign exchange every year.
Nigerias food imports are growing at an

unsustainable rate of 11% per annum.
Relying on the import of expensive food on

global markets fuels domestic inflation.
Nigeria is importing what it can produce in

abundance.
Sugar
Import dependency is hurting Nigerian farmers,

displacing local production and creating rising unemployment.
Import dependency is not acceptable, nor

Fish
*CBN
sustainable fiscally, economically or politically.
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The days of importing cheap food are over.

The World food price index is at its highest point in recorded history
FAO world food price index Measure: Index of price of food globally
Demand drivers: Significant increase in demand

Population growth: Cumulative growth in world population 1999 2009* Measure: Millions of people
Increase in standard of living: Per capita meat consumption in China** Measure: kg per person
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1990
1995
2000
2005
2011
4.4%
Food exporters have demonstrated a

willingness to ban exports to ensure their countries food security e.g. Thailand, Russia, India, Vietnam etc.
Export bans jeopardize Nigerias food

security.
Increased biofuel demand: % of US corn production used for biofuels Measure: % of US corn production 10%
Any shock in global markets will put

Nigerias national security at risk e.g. North African riots.
* Doreos Analysis, World bank ** FAO *** Earth Policy Institute
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Importing food | Importing inflation | Driving poverty

If we do not succeed the situation will likely only get worse
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Nigerias unemployment challenge

Nigerias unemployment rate is spiraling upwards, growing at 11% per year. The youth of the nation are the most impacted, with a youth unemployment rate that is over 50%.
Nigerias spiraling unemployment
Spiraling general unemployment rate growing at 16% per year* Measure : % 11%
Unemployment breakdown youth & region

Regional unemployment rates* Measure : %
Key takeaways Our unemployment rate is spiraling, driven by the wave of 4 Million young people entering the workforce every year with only a small fraction able to find formal employment. Agriculture has demonstrated an ability to solve this challenge, as can be seen by the fact that the breadbasket region i.e. North Central, has the lowest unemployment rate in the country.
Unemployment among our youth is one of our biggest challenges. The time has come to create jobs and lay a new foundation for Nigerias economic growth
-His Excellency, President Goodluck E. Jonathan GCFR, President, Commander-inChief of the Armed forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria *Nigerias National Bureau of Statistics
Youth unemployment 3X General unemployment** Measure: % Youth

Youth Underemployed Unemployment
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Youth Employed
** Nigeria s Ministry of Education, World Bank
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Nigeria must learn from successful experiences

How other countries developed their agriculture sectors, fed themselves and drove economic growth with jobs
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Agricultural transformation across the globe has led to dramatic reductions in poverty
Key takeaways
Relative growth in the agricultural sector (Base 1981)* Measure: Relative growth in the value of the agricultural sector Annual
growth rate
China, Vietnam, Brazil and

Thailand have seen dramatic growth in their agricultural sectors over the last three decades.
China Vietnam Brazil 1981 1990 2000 2008 Thailand
2.6% 2% 1.8% 1.4%
Over the same period they saw an

even more dramatic decline in their level of poverty.
Vietnam and China took 40% of

their population out of poverty in 10 years, led by aggressive investment and growth of their agricultural sector.
Decrease in % of population under the poverty line ($1.25)* Measure: Percent of population under the poverty line
# lifted out of poverty in 10 years (Millions of people)
China [1995 -2005]
Vietnam [1995 2005]

Brazil [1985 -1995] Thailand [1985 1995]
24 14 8
440 Investing in the agricultural sector also developed the rural communities that inturn significantly reduced ruralurban migration
* Doreos Analysis, World Bank
1981
1990
2000
2008
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Agriculture transformation is not only about food It is also about the economy
Backward integrate into higher value added manufacturing With growth in agro-processing industry, backward integrate into higher value added services and manufacturing of industrial equipment and products for the burgeoning industry. Grow value added agro-processing sector Leverage the foreign direct investment (FDI) and the economies of scale derived from an exportoriented large/efficient agricultural sector to provide inexpensive raw materials to stimulate investment in the agro-processing Industry
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Goal An industrialized, high-growth, diversified economy, creating jobs, creating wealth and providing food security for our people
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Export-oriented agricultural sector A rapid transition to an export-oriented agricultural economy, diversifies the economy thereby increasing foreign exchange reserves, stabilizing the exchange rate. This coupled with reduced inflation, drives macro-economic stability. Macro-economic stability will in turn significantly increase the level of foreign direct investment (FDI) Import substitution agricultural development
Agricultural development with a focus on self-sufficiency via import substitution, lowers the cost of food, increases real wages and drives down inflation.
* Team Analysis / Doreo Analysis
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Thailand's agricultural development enables it to have one of the lowest unemployment rates in the world at 1.2%
Leveraged agriculture to backward integrate into higher value-added manufacturing
Growth in the agricultural and manufacturing sectors* Measure: Billions of USD Annual growth rate
Key takeaways
Significant investment by the Thai

government in the development of the agricultural sector catalyzed unprecedented growth in the manufacturing sector.
Manufacturing Agriculture
4.5% 1.4%
This economic growth has enabled

Thailand to have one of the lowest unemployment rates in the world today at 1.2%
1981
1990
2000
2008
Thailand exceptionally low unemployment rate** Measure: Unemployment rate
One of the lowest unemployment rates in the World
*World Bank ** Thai Government
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Rapid Agricultural Transformation in Africa: Malawi

Malawi became self-sufficient in food production within one year by focusing on an agricultural transformation
Malawi achieved and exceeded its maize requirements in three years* Measure: Maize production, millions of MT 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5
Key drivers of success
In 2004, Malawi had its worst

harvest in a decade
In 2005, the government

implemented one of the most ambitious and successful assaults on hunger in African history
The transformation was led by

the Malawian President
Launched a national input

1 0.5
support program targeted at small holder farmers
Maize production doubled in

1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007
Enough is enough, I am not going to go on my knees to beg for food. Let us grow the food ourselves.
--Bingu wa Mutharika, President of Malawi
2006 and tripled in 2007, enabling Malawi to export: 400,000 to Zimbabwe 10,000 metric tons of food aid
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Rapid Agricultural Transformation in Africa: Kenya

Private sector driven marketing institutions drove Kenya to the #1 position in the global horticulture market. Lessons for Nigeria
Horticulture value growth Measure: Billions of Kenyan Shillings
1.
Need for Value chain co-ordinator

Horticulture development authority (HCDA) tasked with setting and enforcing grades and standards for the national production
+16% p.a. 2.
Infrastructure investments
Supported development of roads and irrigation; new flights to target export zones
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
3.
Private sector leadership

Key value chain participants took ownership of articulating and executing growth agenda for agriculture Sector controlled by private sector, with no government interference except in regulation and certification
Floriculture export growth Measure: Thousands of metric tons
+7% p.a. 4. Supportive fiscal policies

Lower taxes on inputs, equipment etc Lower duties
5. 00 05 06 07 08
Market information systems available for farmers
SOURCE: FAO Stats, UN Com Trade
8 Million Jobs In Just One Agricultural Sub Sector, Horticulture
A Sea of Jobs
8 Million jobs created by the Kenyan Horticultural sector, a single sub sector of agriculture Image from recent field trip to Kenyan Green Bean processing plant by the Honourable Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development Aug 2011
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Our transformation strategy

Growing the Nigerian agricultural sector
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Our Vision: We will grow Nigerias agricultural sector

Achieve a hunger-free Nigeria through an agricultural sector that drives income growth, accelerates achievement of food and nutritional security, generates employment and transforms Nigeria into a leading player in global food markets to grow wealth for millions of farmers
What we will stop doing

1. End the era of treating agriculture as a development project 2. No more isolated projects without a strategic focus to drive agricultural growth and food security in a clear and measurable way. 3. No more big government crowding out the private sector
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Our Vision: We will grow Nigerias agricultural sector
What we will start doing!

1. Execute an agricultural transformation agenda to support Mr. Presidents Transformation Agenda 2. Focus on agriculture as a business 3. Utilize the transformation of the agricultural sector to create jobs, create wealth and ensure food security 4. Focus on value chains where Nigeria has comparative advantage 5. Develop strategic partnerships to stimulate investments to drive a market-led agricultural transformation State and local governments Inter-ministerial collaboration Private sector Farmer groups and civil society 6. Sharp focus on youth and women
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Transformation policies
Change the way we work in agriculture Fix fertilizer Fix marketing institutions Fix financial value chains Fix agricultural investment framework
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Our fertilizer strategy

Stimulate a thriving private sector fertilizer industry, with government getting out of fertilizer procurement and distribution, supporting farmers through Growth Enhancement Support systems
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Structure of Government distribution system versus private sector voucher distribution system
Government Distributed Government distributed fertilizer support program Private Sector Distributed Private sector distributed fertilizer support system, utilizing Input Vouchers Key takeaways
Government distribution
system is inefficient and wastes government resources.
Private Sector Manufacturer/Supplier gets order from FG Fertilizer Supplier
Private Sector Fertilizer Supplier
Private sector sells fertilizer to farmers at market price minus the fertilizer voucher discount provided by government.
Government distribution
channels subsidize corruption.
Federal Government
FG has manufacturer deliver to states per indent from state at 25% subsidy. State distributes fertilizer to farmers occasionally adding their own subsidy.
This is a major issue

Targeted Farmers
94% of actual farmers receive the subsidized fertilizer under the voucher program.
and government must get out of fertilizer distribution.
State Government
All import and

distribution should be done by the private sector.
All Farmers
Only 11% of fertilizer reaches the intended farmers
Federal & State Govt.
States and FG coordinate to distribute fertilizer vouchers to targeted farmers.
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Overview of the fertilizer voucher program

A proven efficient, effective and sustainable way to deliver government subsidies. Taraba States Experience: Government Distribution vs. Private Sector Voucher Program
Reach of respective programs to intended beneficiaries Measure: % of farmers reached
Key benefits of voucher system
Private Sector Voucher program reaches 8 times more farmers
Voucher program reaches 94% of farmers, while existing
government system reaches an estimated 11% of farmers.
Government Cost to deliver Measure: Thousands of Naira per metric ton of fertilizer
Private Sector Voucher program costs less than 50% to administer
Due to cost sharing with private sector program costs less
than 50% to run. In addition, in the voucher system farmers receive fertilizer 10% cheaper due to more efficient private sector distribution systems
Agro-dealer development Measure: Number of dealers
Private Sector Voucher program develops Agro-dealer networks
As opposed to the Government Distribution system that

crowds out the private sector, the voucher program encourages the development of a strong private sector
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Role of targeted Growth Enhancement Support (GES) to migrate farmers from subsistence farming to commercialized systems
Fiscal Savings / Greater return on investment Targeting highest poverty level Exit strategy
4 10 years
Commercialized systems Trade Competitiveness
Income
4 years
Marketed surplus / Market orientation
Highest poverty level / Subsistence farming
GES
Time
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Growth Enhancement Support Investment will be targeted at Twenty Million Farmers by 2020. Investment will generate 5X to 10X returns in increased production.
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Key takeaways
Phased approach with support

Group 1 5 Million Tgt. Farmers
4 Years of Support
4 Years of Support
4 Years of Support
to farmers reducing over 4 years. Estimated cost per farmer per year is 5,000 Naira (US$30) Expected benefit of program is up to 80,000 Naira per farmer (US$500) Total cost of program is approximately 400 Billion Naira (US$2.5 Billion) Total benefit of program is 6,800 Billion Naira (US$40 Billion) a 16 fold benefit versus cost GES will leverage Mobile technology to achieve scale e.g. MPESA
4 Years of Support
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Improving investment frameworks for agriculture

Attract private sector to invest in the sector
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Development of Staple Crop Processing Zones (SCPZ)

Key takeaways
Sample Agro Processing Plant
Focus on attracting private sector agribusinesses to set up

processing plants in zones of high food production, to process commodities into food products. The government will enable this by putting in place appropriate fiscal, investment and infrastructure policies for staple crop processing zones: Tax breaks on import of agricultural processing equipment Tax holidays for food processors that locate in these zones Supportive infrastructure, especially complimentary investment by the
government in roads, logistics, storage facilities and power.
Infrastructure would focus on power, irrigation, flood control,

roads, rail, air etc. Staple Crop Processing Zones will link farmers in clusters to food manufacturing plants. Develop Agricultural Investment Code, in partnership with Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Trade and Investment and CBN The location of Staple Crop Processing Zones will be dependent on a combination of State government support and an analysis of the comparative advantage of the region to produce the identified commodity.
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Strengthen the markets: Role of marketing corporations

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Support the development of private sector driven marketing organizations to grow the agricultural sector
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Support development of private sector driven, public sector enabled marketing corporations
Leading global examples of marketing corporations
Key drivers of success
Leading global examples of marketing corporations
The scrapping of marketing boards during structural

adjustment, without any institutions to replace them or play their functions, has left millions of farmers in a precarious situation: market access is a challenge, price uncertainties and volatility which leave them at the mercy of middle men.
No developed country has such institutional abandonment

of farmers. We will revamp the functions performed by the marketing boards, but be careful to ensure that we do not build non-viable or over-bureaucratic institutions that tax farmers like the old marketing boards.
They must be owned by agricultural value chains, run as

private sector led (but government enabled) institutions and empower farmers and the value chain actors and generate value.
These new institutions will be called marketing

corporations and will coordinate the production and/or export of target commodities. In addition, they will encourage investment into the sector from R&D to infrastructure and processing. Finally, they will stimulate the development of tailored financial services to grow the sector.
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Our Agricultural finance strategy In Partnership with CBN

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De-risk target value chains and stimulate $3 billion in agricultural lending with NIRSAL (Nigerian Incentive-based Risk Sharing for Agricultural Lending)
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To revolutionize Nigerias agriculture, NIRSAL integrates agricultural value chains with agricultural financing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
Agricultural value chain
Input producers
Farmers
Agrodealers
Agroprocessors
Industrial manufacturers
Trade and exports
Central Bank of Nigeria

Agricultural financing value chain Loan product1 Devt Loan origination Credit assessment Managing and pricing for risk Loan disbursement
Distribution
Enablers Infrastructure Credit bureau Policies Extension services Price guarantee boards
1 Includes working capital loans, fixed asset finance, trade finance
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How we will work with the state Governments

Stimulate co-investment by the states
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How we will work with the state

Engagement with the State Governments
Develop investment framework with states
Incentivize states to invest in agricultural development with co-investments from federal

government.
Partnership will be operated under four key principles:
1. Subsidiarity: Working from the State level up

2. Partnership: Working with states, private sector and civil society. 3. Investment: Utilize investment methodology and framework. 4. Accountability: There will be full transparency and accountability within the system.
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How we will drive change

The Agricultural Transformation Implementation Council
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The Agricultural Transformation Implementation Council [ATIC]

President/Vice President HMA Strategic State Governors/CBN Governor Coordinating Minister for the Economy Minister of National Planning Eminent Persons Advisory Group [EPAG] Agricultural Investment Transformation Implementation Group [Inv. ATIG] Stimulate Investment in Agricultural Public sector (Ministry of Agriculture, Finance, Trade and Investment) and private sector (Investors) working together to create a conducive environment to stimulate private sector investment along strategic value chains.
Agricultural Value Chain Transformation Implementation Grp. [Value Chain ATIG]
Agricultural Infrastructure Transformation Implementation Group [Infra ATIG] Invest in Infrastructure Ministry of Aviation, Power, Transport, Water and Works, working together to stimulate private sector investment through increased public sector investment in infrastructure along strategic value chains.
Increase agricultural productivity, value addition and linkages to markets.
NIRSAL Agricultural Transformation Implementation Group [NIRSAL ATIG] Unlock $3 Billion in Agricultural Financing Execution of partnership between CBN and Ministry of Agriculture to unlock $3 Billion in Agricultural Financing.
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Value chain approach

Target value chains
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Target commodity value chains by geopolitical zones
North East
Cotton, Onion, Tomato and Sorghum + Rice & Cassava + Livestock & Fisheries
South South
Oil Palm and Cocoa + Rice & Cassava + Livestock & Fisheries
North West
Cotton, Onion, Tomato and Sorghum + Rice & Cassava + Livestock & Fisheries
South East
North Central
Maize and Soybean + Rice & Cassava + Livestock & Fisheries
South West
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First wave: Priority commodity value chains

Rice, cassava, sorghum, cocoa and cotton agricultural value chain transformation
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Rice Transformation Plan

Nigeria will be self sufficient in four years
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We must become self sufficient in rice in a manner that grows the agriculture sector and creates jobs
Growing demand for Rice
Projected consumption in Nigeria*** Measure: Millions of metric tons
Drivers
Nigerias population* Measure: Millions of people 2.8%
Limited options for import with high volatility in global markets

Excess production of major producers Measure: Millions of metric tons
5.1%
Thailand Vietnam
India
China
Nigeria: Projected to be 36M MT

tons market by 2050 Nigeria is the worlds No. 2 importer, importing 2 Million MT of rice. Rice export trade market is very thin Rice prices highly volatile, Thai govt. positioned to significantly increase price of rice by over 50%. Rice grows all across Nigeria, hence, self sufficiency will positively impact all geo political zones.
Rice as a percent of a Nigerians diet** Measure : %
Highly volatile rice prices due to thin trading volumes Measure : US$ per metric ton
7%
1981
1990
2000
2011
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Focus on two key value chains

Parboiling is a process of precooking the rice during the manufacturing process. Requires significantly more equipment and energy costs as heat is used for precooking
and drying rice after precooking.
Parboiled Rice
Milled Rice
Rice is harvested with high moisture levels, dried in processing plant to optimal moisture
levels and milled.
Processing is much simpler and cheaper.
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Demand Side Targets

Consumer shift to high quality lower cost milled rice vs. parboiled rice
Parboiled Rice Demand Side Targets
Annual Projected Demand for High Quality Parboiled Rice in Nigeria Measure: Millions Metric Tons
Milled Rice Demand Side Targets

Annual Projected Demand for High Quality Milled Rice in Nigeria Measure: Millions Metric Tons
Our expectation is that with the advent of high quality

lower cost milled rice, a significant portion of demand in the domestic rice market will shift from parboiled rice to milled rice.
Milled rice production will occur in well organized

irrigated farm clusters.
The level of organization will increase the quality and

reduce the production costs enabling the new product to have a cost and quality advantage over parboiled rice.
This cost and quality advantage will enable the

product to rapidly gain market share in the domestic market.
Promote Nigerian rice at state functions and in media.
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Supply Side Targets Parboiled Rice

Target aggregation of supply from less organized small holder farmers Import Substitution of Parboiled (PB) Finished Import Substitution of Parboiled (PB) Brown Rice With Local Production Facilities Rice For Local Processors
Annual Brown Rice Supply Options Import vs. Domestic Supply Measure: Millions Metric Tons Annual Finished Rice Supply Options Import vs. Domestic Supply Measure: Millions Metric Tons
Imported PB brown rice
Imported PB Rice
Domestically produced PB brown rice
Domestically Produced PB Rice
Replace imported brown rice with locally produced

brown rice by 2013. Incentivize the private sector to invest in large parboiling and dehusking facilities in regions of high current production e.g. Niger State, Cross River State etc. Partially finance incentives through increased import levy on brown rice.
Imports of finished rice will be substituted by

stimulating private sector to invest in rice processing facilities in areas of current high production. Incentive can be partially financed through increased import levy on finished rice. Target locations will be in lowland rice growing regions
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Supply Side Targets Milled Rice

Target aggregation of supply from well organized small holder farmers with in Nucleus Farm model
Import Substitution of Parboiled Rice For Locally Produced Milled Rice Key Steps
Annual Milled Rice Supply Options Large Clusters vs. Medium Nucleus Farms
Measure: Millions Metric Tons
Step 1: Rehabilitate Target Irrigation Programs Utilizing labor intensive methods to rehabilitate
target irrigation schemes that have existing reservoir systems and require only irrigation canals and drainage canals to be developed.
Large Nucleus Farms: 10,000 ha to 20,000 ha irrigated farm clusters. Medium Nucleus Farms: 1,000 ha to 2,000 ha irrigated farm clusters.
Step 2: Incentivize Investors to Invest in Nucleus Farms Leveraging investment in rehabilitating irrigation
schemes, incentivize investors to develop nucleus farm estates. Already sent high level team to meet with potential investors in Kenya and Ghana.
Step 3: Replicate Nucleus Farm Model on Medium Scale Replicate model to rapidly target community level
production and processing.
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Inputs Required to Achieve Rice Production Targets

Land | Improved Seed | Fertilizer
Land
Annual Land Cultivated Measure: Thousands of Hectares
Seeds
Lowland
Annual Required Volume of Improved Seeds Measure: Thousands of Metric Tons
Fertilizer
Annual Required Volume of Fertilizer Measure: Thousands of Metric Tons
Irrigated
Milled rice production will be

focused on well organized nucleus farms with small holder out grower farmers, in irrigated areas.
Leverage the ECOWAS seed

treaty that enables private sector seed companies to import seed from the West African region. Importation will be preferentially provided to companies that are demonstrating significant investments in local production of improved seed varieties.
For each of the targeted regions

for rice production analysis will be conducted and tailored fertilizer blends for the identified rice varieties will be developed.
Parboiled rice production will be

focused on aggregating supply from small holder outgrower farmers producing in lowland areas.
Nigeria currently has enough

installed capacity to produce the required volume of fertilizer for the investment.
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Rice Job Creation Targets 1 Million by 2015

Primary Production | Plantation Establishment | Value Chain
Primary Production
Annual Job Targets Primary Production Measure: Thousands of Jobs
Irrigated Land Preparation

Annual Job Targets Irrigated Land Preparation Measure: Thousands of Jobs
Value Chain
Annual Job Targets Measure: Thousands of Jobs
High labor requirement in rice

estimated at 200 man days per hectare.
The preparation of the

irrigated area, including land clearing, irrigation, canal and drainage development require significant amounts of labor. Approach will integrate effective labor intensive methodologies to stimulate employment. Estimate of 150 man days per hectare.
The rice value chain is

relatively labor intensive. Estimate that for every 5 jobs created in primary production 1 job will be created within the value chain. The value chain includes, input supply, service delivery, aggregation of output and processing.
Irrigated areas cropped twice

per year increase the labor requirement
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Summary of actions to date
Sample of Actions Taken
Unlocking the Agricultural Potential of Taraba

Traveled with delegation of investors to scope out the agricultural potential of Taraba state particularly in cassava and rice. Investor expressed significant interest in replicating $40 Million USD rice and aquaculture investment in Taraba.
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Summary of actions to date
Examining Best Practices Next Door in Ghana

Meeting with potential investors and identifying best practices for unlocking Nigerias Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development | 54 rice potential
Examining Best Practices in Kenya

Meeting with investors and examining best practices
| 55
Do re o
Cassava Transformation Plan

Driving Economic Development through Value Addition
| 56
Cassava Value Chains

HQCF High Quality Cassava Flour (HQCF) Principal market replacement of up to 35% wheat flour in bread; others food industry, adhesive industry, dextrins. Native and modified starches We have two functional starch mills in Nigeria with a combined capacity of 20,000 tons (although they currently operate below capacity). Demand is currently met by corn starch imports.
Starch
Chips
Dried Chips Principal market to meet internal and external demand of cassava for industrial use. Chinas demand is expected to exceed 12 mill tons by 2015/16 due to their large ethanol production.
Sweeteners - High Fructose Cassava Syrup (HFCS) The total sugar requirement for soft drink bottlers and juice manufacturers in Nigeria is estimated at 200,000 tons of sugar p/a. A replacement of half of this by HFCS from cassava, would create a 100,000 ton demand. Fuel Ethanol (E10) Nigeria has adopted the policy of blending gasoline with 10% ethanol, the E-10 policy. This represents a potential one billion liter per year market of fuel ethanol and, assuming 50% of feedstock comes from cassava, a raw material requirement of 1.7million tons of dried chips is required.
HFCS
Ethanol
| 57
Demand and Supply Side Targets High Quality Cassava Flour

HQCF Demand Side Targets
Annual Projected Demand for HQCF Measure: Thousands of Metric Tons
HQCF Supply Side Targets

Annual Projected Supply of Tubers for HQCF Measure: Thousands of Metric Tons
5% 10% 15% 20% Substitution Substitution Substitution Substitution
We expect that demand for HQCF will be driven by a

combination of increased demand for bread wheat flour, currently at 1.1 Million MT and a gradual increase in the amount of cassava flour blended in with wheat flour, moving from 5% in 2012 to 20% in 2015.
Due to the high water content of cassava the

conversion rate is approximately 25%.
This low conversation rate leads to a very high

volume of cassava required as input.
| 58
Demand and Supply Side Targets Starch

Starch Demand Side Targets
Annual Projected Demand for Starch Measure: Thousands of Metric Tons
Starch Supply Side Targets

Annual Projected Supply of Tubers For Starch Measure: Thousands of Metric Tons
Self Sufficiency
Nigeria already has very strong demand for starch

that is being met primarily through importation of corn starch.

Our expectation is to be self sufficient in starch

production by 2015.

| 59
Demand and Supply Side Targets Chips

Chips Demand Side Targets
Annual Projected Exports of Chips Measure: Thousands of Metric Tons
Chips Supply Side Targets

Annual Projected Supply of Tubers For Chips Measure: Thousands of Metric Tons
The world market for Cassava chips is growing very

fast at over 20% per annum.

This growth is driven by strong demand from China

for ethanol production.

Nigeria expects to tap into this growing demand while

simultaneously developing local production capabilities to feed our own projected ethanol production.
| 60
Demand and Supply Side Targets High Fructose Cassava Syrup (HFCS)
HFCS Demand Side Targets
Annual Projected Demand for HFCS Measure: Thousands of Metric Tons
HFCS Supply Side Targets

Annual Projected Supply of Tubers For HFCS Measure: Thousands of Metric Tons
Self Sufficiency
HFCS is targeted towards the soft drink and juice

markets.

The demand for HFCS assumes a 50% substitution of

current sweeteners in the soft drink and juice markets.

Our expectation is to be able to meet 100% of

projected demand by 2015.
| 61
Demand and Supply Side Targets Ethanol

Ethanol Demand Side Targets
Annual Projected Demand for Ethanol Measure: Billions of Liters
Ethanol Supply Side Targets

Annual Projected Supply of Tubers For Ethanol Measure: Thousands of Metric Tons
Self Sufficiency
Nigeria is a 1 Billion liter ethanol market. For this potential to be harnessed, Nigeria will need to
implement and enforce strong legislation coupled with the stimulation of local blending capabilities. The team will need to work to stimulate significant production capabilities domestically. Our expectation is to be self sufficient in ethanol production by 2015.

conversion rate is approximately 590 Liters of Ethanol per MT of Cassava.

| 62
Inputs Required to Achieve Cassava Production Targets

Land | Improved Seed | Fertilizer Land
Stems
Annual Required Volume of Improved Stems Measure: Millions of Stems
Fertilizer
Despite Cassavas relatively high

yields of 25MT per Ha, significant volumes of land will be required to be brought into production.
A significant volume of improved

planting materials will be required to meet the needs of the high growth industry.
To attain best practice yields

Cassava requires high levels of fertilizer application, over 200kg per Ha.
Cassava can be grown across the

country and specific areas that have a particular competitive advantage will be targeted.
We will work to develop strategies

in partnership with R&D centers and the private sector to ensure availability of these improved planting materials.
| 63
Cassava Job Creation Targets 1.2 Million Jobs by 2015

Primary Production | Value Chain
Primary Production Jobs
Annual Projected Number of Jobs in Primary Production Measure: Thousands of Jobs
Value Chain Jobs

Annual Projected Number of Jobs in the Value Chain Measure: Thousands of Jobs
Cassava has a relatively high labor content

requirement of over 300 man days per Ha.
The value chain is relatively labor intensive. Estimate that for every 1 jobs created in primary
production 1 job will be created within the value chain.
This high requirement translates into almost a quarter

million jobs in primary production alone.
The value chain includes, input supply, service

delivery, aggregation of output and processing.
| 64
Sorghum Transformation Plan

Driving economic development in the North East and North West
Do re o
| 65
Sorghum Value Chains

Fortified Foods
Sorghum can be utilized to produce nutritious fortified foods, typically

blended with soybeans. Key markets for these fortified foods are Home Grown School Feeding programs (HGSF) and the World Food Program (WFP) food aid to our neighbors i.e. Chad, Niger, Mali etc.
Beverage
Sorghum can be used in producing malt for use in the beverage

industry NOT for beer but for Maltina, Ovaltine, Milo etc.
| 66
Demand Side Targets Fortified Foods

Home Grown School Feeding Program (HGSF) Demand Side Targets
Annual Projected Demand for Sorghum Component of Fortified Foods for HGSF Program Measure: Thousands of Metric Tons
World Food Program (WFP) Demand Side Targets

Annual Projected Demand for Sorghum Component of Fortified Foods for WFP Measure: Thousands of Metric Tons
Program will need to be closely developed in

partnership with Ministries of Education, Health, Finance, Trade and Investment and State Governments
The World Food Program has historically provided

significant volumes of food aid to our neighbors.
World Food Program provided over 140,000 metric

tons of food aid to Niger alone in 2010.
Demand assumes we target 50% of Nigerian children

in public school by 2015, roughly 12.5 million children.
World Food Program provides fortified foods that

include a soya and maize blend in which the maize could be substituted for sorghum.
Each child will eat approximately 150g of processed

fortified foods daily of which sorghum constitutes approximately 75% of the content.
We assume program runs 9 months of the year.
| 67
Supply Side Targets Fortified Foods

Home Grown School Feeding Program (HGSF) Supply Side Targets
Annual Projected Supply for Sorghum Component of Fortified Foods for HGSF Program Measure: Thousands of Metric Tons
World Food Program (WFP) Supply Side Targets

Annual Projected Supply for Sorghum Component of Fortified Foods for WFP Measure: Thousands of Metric Tons
Demand will be met by ramping up production and

processing capacity in the North East and North West.

5-10% of the grains are lost during processing
| 68
Demand and Supply Side Targets Malt

Malt Demand Side Targets
Annual Projected Demand for Sorghum For Malt Plants Measure: Thousands of Metric Tons
Malt Supply Side Targets

Annual Projected Supply of Sorghum Grains For Malt Plants Measure: Thousands of Metric Tons
In Nigeria today we have approximately 200,000 metric

tons of processing capacity for malt, however only approximately 70,000 metric tons is utilized.

Our strategy will be in the short term to ensure that

excess capacity is appropriately utilized by developing output markets for malt and linking processors to areas of production.
The team will begin to work with potential investors to

bring on stream in 2013, 2014 and 2015 additional capacity for malt production.
| 69
Inputs Required to Achieve Sorghum Production Targets

Seeds
Fertilizer
Due to Sorghums relatively low

yields a significant volume of land will be required to be brought into production.
Sorghum requires a relatively low

volume of improved seeds per hectare, approximately 10kg /ha.
Sorghum, as most cereals, require

a significant volume of fertilizer to attain best practice yields of 2.5 kg per Ha.
Due to Sorghums unique drought

tolerance, it perfectly suited for the North East and North West.
For this reason despite the large

area being brought under cultivation we require only a small volume of seeds to meet this new demand.
Estimated fertilizer requirements

per hectare are as high as 450kg/ha.
The decline in land requirement in

2015 is due to the rapid improvement in productivity due to access to improved varieties and practices. | 70
Sorghum Job Creation Targets 150,000 Jobs by 2015

Value Chain Jobs

Despite the relatively low labor requirements of

sorghum of 88 man days per Ha, we can expect over 130,000 jobs to be created in primary production
The sorghum value chain is relatively labor intensive. Estimate that for every 5 jobs created in primary

| 71
Cocoa Transformation Plan

Driving economic development in the South South, South East and South West
Do re o
| 72
Demand and Supply Side Targets Cocoa

Double Production in Four Years
Cocoa Supply Side Targets
Annual Projected Increase of Supply of Cocoa Beans Measure: Thousands of Metric Tons
Key Take Aways
Globally there is strong and growing demand for

Cocoa, particularly in Eastern Europe and Latin America.
Our strategy is to rapidly grow Nigerias

production of cocoa beans through a combined strategy of increased productivity and planting new hectarage.
| 73
Inputs Required to Achieve Cocoa Production Targets

Land | Improved Seedlings | Fertilizer Land
Annual New Plantation Measure: Thousands of Hectares
Seedlings
Annual Required Volume of Improved Seedlings Measure: Millions of Seedlings
Fertilizer
Expand existing 800,000 ha of

Cocoa plantations by approximately 30% to over 1 Million Ha.
Plan would require rapid

multiplication of millions of seedlings to provide the planting material for establishment of new plantations.
Development of tailored cocoa

fertilizer blends will be required to form the foundation of rapid yield improvements from 300kg per Ha to 600kg per ha.
Generate significant employment

through land clearing and plantation establishment.
Seedling production will provide

significant employment opportunities for the youth, particularly women.
Utilize Cocoa Development Fund to

finance increased hectarage.
| 74
Cocoa Job Creation Targets 390,000 Jobs by 2015

Primary Production | Plantation Establishment | Value Chain
Primary Production
Annual Job Targets Primary Production Measure: Thousands of Jobs
Plantation Establishment
Value Chain
Annual Job Targets Plantation Establishment Annual Job Targets Value Chain Measure: Thousands of Jobs Measure: Thousands of Jobs
Cocoa is one of the most labor

intensive planation crops with an estimate 150 man days per hectare per year.
Plantation establishment is a very

labor intensive process that includes seedling development, land clearing, cover crop establishment and planting.
We estimate that for every 5 jobs

created in primary production 1 job will be created within the value chain.
One of the more labor intensive

aspects of Cocoa is in the harvesting process, hence we can expect with increased yields a dramatic increase in labor requirement not only for new plantation but existing plantations.
We estimate we can create one job

for every two hectares of land to be cleared.
The value chain includes, input

supply, service delivery, aggregation of output and processing.
| 75
Cotton Transformation Plan

Reviving our lost glory
Do re o
| 76
Demand and Supply Side Targets Cotton

Regain our leading position in West Africa.
Cotton Supply Side Targets
Annual Projected Increase of Supply of Cotton Lint Measure: Thousands of Metric Tons
Key Take Away
Goal is to regain Nigerias position as the

number one producer of cotton in West Africa.
This growth will form the foundation for a

thriving domestic textile industry.
The cotton sector at one point employed over

600,000 people with 175 mills in operation.
Today there are less than 24 mills left and the

sector employs less than 28,000 people.
Key challenges

Varietal mix Use of Polypropylene bags versus jute bags Quality challenges Absence of institutional support No BT cotton varieties
| 77
Inputs Required to Achieve Cotton Production Targets

Improved Seeds
Fertilizer
Due to cottons relatively low

yields, 300kg to 500kg per Ha, a significant quantum of land will be required to be brought into production. As the NW and NE are particularly well suited for cotton production and will be the region of focus. The decline in land requirement in 2015 is due to the rapid improvement in productivity due to a combination of access to improved varieties and practices.
To attain rapid productivity growth
in the cotton sector improved varieties are critical. In particular Nigeria has yet to release a BT Cotton variety that has revolutionized cotton production across the globe. Our strategy will fast track the release of BT Cotton in Nigeria enabling farmers to double or triple their yields in a short period of time.
Cotton requires a specific blend of

fertilizer that currently is not available in Nigeria and will likely need to be imported.
| 78
Cotton Job Creation Targets 125,000 Jobs by 2015

Value Chain Jobs

Cotton is one of the more labor intensive crops with

an estimate 150 man days per hectare per year.
The cotton value chain is relatively labor intensive due

to the bulky nature of the product and intermediate processing requirements.
One of the more labor intensive aspects of Cotton is

in the harvesting process, hence we can expect with increased yields a dramatic increase in labor requirement not only for new farms but existing farms as well.
Estimate that for every 5 jobs created in primary


| 79
Summary of key policies and legislation required for transformation

Do re o
Foundation for a sustainable transformation
| 80
Reducing downside risks: Key policies for success

Agricultural Policies
1. Liberalize foundation seed policy to allow private sector to commercialize seeds 2. Eliminate government distribution of fertilizers and replace with private sector distribution 3. Move away from a flat fertilizer price subsidy to targeted support to small holder farmers 4. Incentives to engage young commercial farmers for farming as a business
| 81

Agricultural Policies
1. Create institutions to support the agricultural transformation agenda Marketing Corporations, to replace marketing boards Transform the Agricultural Research Council (ARCN) to a National Agricultural Transformation Agency like EMPRAPA that transformed Brazilian agriculture 2. Guaranteed minimum price for food crops 3. Revise the Land Use Act to enable easier access to land for investors in agriculture 4. Rapid expansion in irrigation facilities and revamping of existing ones
| 82

Financial Service Policies
1. Incentives for access of farmers to weather index insurance to adapt to climate change 2. Remove the current monopoly on agricultural insurance by the National Agricultural Insurance Company and liberalize to allow private sector insurance companies
Industrial Policies
Move gradually away from fertilizer consumption subsidies to support for local fertilizer manufacturing leveraging the gas industrialization policy (e.g., Nagajuna 1.4 mil MT plant)
Market Development (Enabling Legislative Acts)

1. 10% Cassava Flour substitution for bread wheat flour 2. Blending 10% ethanol with petrol.
| 83

Fiscal Policies
1. Zero tariffs (custom, excise and value added) for import of agricultural equipment and agro-processing equipment 2. Tax holidays for investors putting processing plants in staple crop processing zones 3. Increase levy on any commodities that Nigeria can produce (starch, sugar and wheat) 4. Current policy on import levy of 5% for brown rice and 30% for polished milled rice, and 5% on raw sugar and 10% on starches should be increased and revenue used to support domestic production 5. Supportive incentives for investors establishing blending plants for ethanol
| 84
Estimated Initial Impact

What Mr. President can claim in four years
Do re o
| 85
What Mr. President can claim in four years Much more to come.
Jobs
Over 3.5 Million jobs within 5 value chain rice, cassava, sorghum, cocoa
and cotton, with many more jobs to come
Wealth
Over 300 Billion Naira (US$2 Billion) in additional income in the hands of
Nigerian farmers
Over 350 Billion Naira (US$2.2 Billion) injected into the economy from
rice self sufficiency
Over 60 Billion Naira (US$380 Million) injected into the economy from
substituting 20% of bread wheat flour with cassava flour
Food Security
Enabled Nigeria to be food secure by increasing production of key food

staples by 20 Million metric tons. Rice: 2 Million metric ton Cassava: 17 Million metric ton Sorghum: 1 Million metric tons
| 86
High Level Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)

2010 2015 7.4 Million MT 2.5 Million MT 1 Million 34 Million MT 12.5 MT/Ha 51 Million MT 25 MT/Ha 1.2 Million Paddy High Quality Processed Rice Jobs Cassava Tubers 3.4 Million MT Negligible
Rice
Cassava
Yield Jobs
Sorghum Grain
9.3 Million MT 0.75 MT/Ha
10.3 Million MT 2.5 MT/Ha 150,000
Sorghum
Yield Jobs
Cocoa Beans
250,000 MT 300 Kg/Ha
500,000 MT 500 Kg/Ha 360,000
Cocoa
Yield Jobs
| 87
High Level Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) Continued

2010 Cotton Lint 20,000 MT 150 Kg/Ha 2015 140,000 MT 400 Kg/Ha
Cotton
Yield
Jobs
125,000
Fertilizer
Number of Farmers Reached
550,000
20,000,000
Assumes 500,000 metric tons of fertilizer is targeted at 5 million farmers (100kg i.e. 2 bags per farmer), only reaching 11% of targeted farmers.
| 88
Support required from the President

Critical support required in three areas
Do re o
| 89
What We Require from the President to Succeed

1. Chair the Agricultural Transformation Implementation Council and be the Face of Change
Due to the complexities involved in an agricultural transformation, no agricultural transformation has succeeded without the President being the face of change, e.g. Malawi, Thailand, India, Tanzania, Rwanda, Ghana etc.
2. Utilize your influence

Leverage influence to generate support from other MDAs, legislature and state governments to support new policies and align investments.
3. Enable rapid change

Provide special facilities and dispensations for rapid decision making and execution of transformation
[Nigeria] You have trusted me with your mandate, and I will never, never let you down" -His Excellency, President Goodluck E. Jonathan GCFR,
President, Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria
| 90
Our future is bright
| 91

Agricultural Master Plan

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Presidential Brief

Agricultural Transformation Agenda

We will grow Nigerias agricultural sector

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

Agricultural Transformation Agenda

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

Nigeria's lost glory in the world trade of groundnuts

Nigerias dominance was eclipsed by China, USA and Argentina

Our competitors maintained their

** Doreo Analysis, FAO

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

Nigeria's lost glory in the world trade of palm oil

Nigerias dominance was eclipsed by Indonesia and Malaysia

While Nigeria declined rapidly, the

** Doreo Analysis, FAO

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

Nigeria's stagnation in the world trade of cocoa

Nigerias dominance was eclipsed by Indonesia and Cote dIvoire

2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011

While Nigerias production stagnated,

*** Doreo Analysis, FAO

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

Nigeria's lost glory in the world trade of cotton

Nigerias dominance was eclipsed by Mali and Burkina Faso

In 1961, Nigeria was the major West

**Doreo Analysis, FAO

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

Current export revenue

Potential additional export revenues

Potential export revenue

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

Our inability to compete

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

Nigerias low agricultural productivity Yield per hectare

Yield per Hectare is the driver of

Malaysia Thailand Indonesia Brazil Nigeria

Nigeria's yield per hectare is 20% to

In 1961, Indonesias yields were lower

Indonesia lowest in 1961

Nigeria has one of the lowest usage

Across the board, Nigeria ranks at the

* Doreos Analysis, FAO **IFDC

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

The Role of government expenditure in agricultural growth Asia versus Nigeria

Nigeria No. 1 in 1961 Now declining

Conversely, Nigerias agricultural

The driver of Asias growth was

Asia invested up to 16% of their

Asia Africa Nigeria

Nigeria's investment in exceptionally

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

Our new glory The glory of food imports

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

Nigerias food import bill is exceptionally high. The

Nigerias food imports are growing at an

Relying on the import of expensive food on

Nigeria is importing what it can produce in

Import dependency is hurting Nigerian farmers,

Import dependency is not acceptable, nor

sustainable fiscally, economically or politically.

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

The days of importing cheap food are over.