Vol 2: Global Biofuels, Drop-In Fuels, Biochems Markets and Fore

ALGAE 2020:

2011 Update, 385 Pages by Emerging Markets Online www.emerging-markets.com

ALGAE 2020:
G lo ba l A lg a e M a rke t O ppo rtu n itie s

Vol 2: Global Biofuels, Drop-In Fuels, Biochems and Commercial Market Forecasts (2011 Update)

In tro du c tio n a n d E xe c u tive O ve rvie w

A lg a e fo r B io fu els , B io ma ss & B io c h ems M a rkets
Algae 2020 provides comprehensive analysis of the prospects for algae to supply demands for biofuels, biochems, bioplastics, and biomass for livestock feed and high-value co-products. A key finding from the study reveals an increasing number of ventures are receiving investments to create algae based biocrude oils for petrol refineries to produce drop-in replacement fuels: renewable diesel, petrol and aviation fuel. For example, the US has invested 7 trillion dollars in its existing petroleum refining and distribution infrastructure. Drop-in fuels are a preferred source for oil and aviation companies. To supply this massive demand, several producers are working on pilot tests and demonstration projects to turn algae into biocrude as a supplement for crude oil refineries; and to create high value biomass co-products for livestock/fish feed, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products, and green chemicals/polymers. The global market for algal biomass is poised for explosive growth in the next ten years. Algae is attracting increased investment and interest from biofuels, petroleum, and agribusiness industries. Algae 2020 finds the US and Europe can not grow enough corn, soy, or rapeseed to meet their biofuels targets. Fast growth in US and European biodiesel markets from 2007-2010 has lead to increased biorefining capacity but a shortage of feedstocks. Algae 2020 finds long-term demand for biofuels in the US, EU and Asia will create new opportunities for algae and other non food- feedstocks to meet ambitious targets for biodiesel, ethanol, and advanced biorefineries for biofuels and chems.

A lg a e - F e e dsto c k o f Th e F u tu re
Around the world, an urgent demand for alternative, sustainable fuels and feedstocks is growing. Compared to other feedstocks, algae can provide a high-yield source of biodiesel, ethanol and aviation fuels without compromising food supplies, rainforests or arable land. For biodiesel and biochems refineries, algae strains with high oil productivity will bring much-needed feedstock to biorefineries world-wide.

C o mme rc ia liza tio n Stra te g ie s a n d O u tlo o k

The Algae 2020 study provides detailed profiles of the leading first-stage algae producers in pilot and demonstration projects including twelve specific business models and strategies for algae producers. The Algae 2020 management study provides detailed market opportunity assessments for drop-in replacement fuels, high-value biochems, biopolymers, biodiesel and ethanol.

Several cellulosic biofuel scientists are now engineering advanced biofuels from algae at the microbial level by "milking the algae" to consume CO2 from smoke stacks, and then secrete biofuels directly such as renewable diesel, ethanol, renewable gasoline and aviation fuel.
E m e rg in g M a rke ts O n lin e - Te l +1 7 1 3 4 2 9 4 9 0 5 ( H o u sto n , TX U SA ) F a x +1 2 0 2 7 4 2 2 8 1 3 E m a il in fo @ e m e r g in g -m a r ke ts. c o m W e b : w w w . e m e r g in g -m a r ke ts. c o m

ALGAE 2020:
T A B LE O F CO N T EN T S

Vol 2: Global Biofuels, Drop-In Fuels, Biochems and Commercial Market Forecasts (2011 Update)

SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION TO ALGAE 2020 ROADMAP FOR COMMERCIALIZATION Chapter 1 - Algae 2020: Roadmap for Commercial Scale Up to Biofuels and Biomass Markets
Algae 2020 Focus - Scaling Up Biofuels and Biomass Projects, Products, Player Profiles & Pilot/Demo Project Profiles Algal Oil Target Markets - Feedstock for Biorefining, Biocrude and Advanced Drop-In Fuels, Biochems, Bioplastics Algal Biomass Target Markets -Short & Long Term Products and Markets for Fuels, Biochems, Biopolymers, Co-Products Algae Player Profiles - Pilot/Demo Project Descriptions and Production Plans, Target Product Markets, Scale-Up Plans Research Methods - Site Visits, Collaborative R&D Networks, Delphi Surveys, Expert Opinions, Techno-Economic Systems Analysis, Commercialization Scenarios & Strategies 1.6 Conclusion and Commercialization Outlook - Summary of Findings from Site Visits, Surveys and Experts 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5

Chapter 2 - Global Markets for Algal Biofuels, Drop-In Fuels, Biochems & Bioplastics
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Overview of Government Mandates as Demand Drivers for Biofuels, and Next-Generation Advanced Drop-In Fuels Global Petroleum Consumption Supply and Demand - The End of Cheap Oil Government Mandates for Biofuels for Energy Independence & CO2 Reduction Review of Biofuels Mandates in US, Europe, China, India and Brazil Biofuels Policies in Transition to Advanced and Sustainable Biofuels Appendix of Government Targets, Mandates, EU & US Sustainability Criteria

SECTION 2: MARKET DEMAND FOR ALGAL OIL & PETROCHEM PRODUCTS

Chapter 3 Algal Oil Target Markets: Global Demand for Biodiesel, Biocrude and Drop-In Fuels
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Demand - From First-Generation Biofuel Mandates, Advanced Biofuel Mandates, and Emerging Market Demands Supply - Challenges for Food-Based vs Feedstock Supplies in US, EU, BRICs Challenges - Biodiesel Markets In US and EU in Transition to Next Generation, Sustainable, Advanced Biofuels Opportunities for Algal Biofuels To Bridge the Supply & Demand Gap in Biodiesel and Ethanol Biomass Markets Appendix of Biodiesel Charts, Figures, Tables, Producers, Production & Outlook

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ALGAE 2020:
TA B LE O F CO N T EN T S

Vol 2 : Global Biofuels, Drop-In Fuels, Biochems and Commercial Market Forecasts (2011 Updat e)

Chapter 4 - Target Markets for Biofuels and Drop-In Fuels, Markets Drivers for Algal Oils
4.1 Regulatory Trends - Next-Generation, Advanced Biofuels Mandates, Policies as Market Drivers 4.2 Market Trends - Welcome to the Biofuels Evolution

4.3 Advanced Biofuel Markets for Bio-Crude Oil, "Drop In" Fuels, Biojet, Biochemicals and Bioplastics
4.3.1 Bio-Crude Oil - Market Trends, Technologies and Players 4.3.2 Drop In Fuels - Emerging Markets for Renewable Diesel, Gasoline, Aviation Drop-In Replacement Fuels 4.3.3 Biochemicals - Markets, Drivers, Trends, Technologies and Players 4.3.4 Biopolymers and Bioplastics - Markets, Drivers, Trends, Technologies and Players

4.4 Investments Trends - In Algal Biofuels and Biomass Increase in Three Waves 4.4.1 First Wave - in Public-Private Partnerships for Algal Biofuels Production 4.4.2 Second Wave - in Private Companies for Algal Biofuels Production 4.4.3 Third Wave - in First Stage Commercial Enterprises

4.5 Drop-In Fuels Markets for Commercial and Defense Aviation 4.5.1 Commercial Aviation Markets, Drivers, Trends, Technologies and Players 4.5.2 Defense Aviation Markets, Drivers, Trends, Technologies and Players 4.6 Drop-In Fuels from Molecular Biology, Cellulosic Biofuels, Synthetic Biology, and "Milking The Algae"
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ALGAE 2020:
TAB LE O F CO N T EN T S

Vol 2 : Global Biofuels, Drop-In Fuels, Biochems and Commercial Market Forecasts (2011 Update)

Chapter 5 - Algal Biomass Fractions - Target Markets for High Value Co-Product Producers
5.1 Overview: Algae High-Value Biomass Markets, Products, Producers, and Strategies 5.2 Introduction Small-Size Markets and Procers of High-Value Biomass Products 5.2.1 Target Markets and Leading Producers of High Value Pharmaceutical Products 5.2.2 Target Markets and Leading Producers of High Value Nutraceutical Products 5.2.3 Target Markets and Leading Producers of High Value Specialty Chemical Products 5.3 Introduction to Mid Size Markets and Producers for High Value Biomass Products 5.3.1 Target Markets and Leading Producers of Mid to High Value Neutraceutical Markets 5.3.2 Markets and Producers of Health Oils - Omega 3, 6, and EPA/DHA Markets 5.3.3 Markets and Producers of Fish and Animal Feed Supplements for Feed Markets 5.3.4 Markets and Producers of Algal Starch/Carb Fermentation Based Bioplastics, Green Chemicals, Renewable Oils 5.4 Introduction to Large Size Energy Markets and Producers for Lower Value Commodities from Biomass Products 5.4.1 Intro to Algal Biomass Producers of Biofuels, Green Bio-Crude, and Next Generation, Advanced Drop-In Fuels 5.4.2 Intro to Algal Biomass Producers and Projects Using Gasification for Power Generation

SECTION 3: PRODUCTION METHODS AND ECONOMICS, CAPEX & OPEX OVERVIEW

6.1 Introduction and History of Algal Biomass for Biofuels Production 6.2 Site Selection and Production Criteria: Species and Site Selection, Light, Carbon and Nutrients 6.3 Intro to Algae Production Methods and Production Economics: in Ponds, Photo Bioreactors (PBRs) and Fermenters 6.4 Upstream - Introduction to Algae System Inputs - Economic and Technical Selection Criteria 6.4.1 Species Selection Criteria - Fatter, Faster Approaches and Trends 6.4.2 CO2 Selection Criteria - Powergen Flue Gas Inputs from Coal, Cement, Natural Gas, Breweries, Digesters 6.4.3 Nutrient Selection Criteria - NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Potash (Potassium) 6.5 Intro to Algae Harvesting Methods and Techno-Economic Systems: Centrifuges, Flocculation, Alternative Methods 6.6 Intro to Algae Extraction Methods and Economics: Hexane, Supercritical CO2, Ultrasonic Cavitation, etc. 6.7 Intro to Algae Pond Production Economics by Type: Simple, Mixed, Raceway and Closed Ponds and Company Profiles 6.7.1 Introduction to Algae Production in Ponds 6.7.2 Pond Producers and Players in Pilot, Demonstration and Commercial Projects
Emerging Markets Online Tel +1 713 429 4905 (Houston, TX USA) Fax +1 202 742 2813 Email info@emerging-markets.com Web: www.emerging-markets.com

Vol 2 : Global Biofuels, Drop-In Fuels, Biochems and Commercial Market Forecasts (2011 Update)

ALGAE 2020:
TA B LE O F CON T EN T S

SECTION 3: ALGAE PRODUCTION METHODS AND ECONOMICS - CAPEX & OPEX OVERVIEW (continued)
6.8 Intro to Algae Photo Bioreactors (PBRS): Photobioreactor Companies, Economics, and Producer Profiles 6.8.1 Introduction to Algae Production in Photobioreactors 6.8.2 PBR Producers and Players in Pilot, Demonstration & Commercial Projects 6.9 Overview of Algae Production Systems, Site Selection Criteria, Economics and Pilot-Project Profiles: 6.9.1 Introduction to Integrated Powergen/Algae Systems: Models for CO2 Capture and Carbon Neutral Production 6.9.2 Introduction to Integrated Wastewater/Sewage and Farm Run-Off Systems: Models for Bioremediation

6.10 Algae Economic Models: Comparative Analysis of Pilot Projects, Producer Models, R&D Models, Expert Opinions
6.11 Early-Stage Challenges, Opportunities for Determining Accurate CAPEX & OPEX Scale-Up Estimates
6.12 Appendices: Economics of Algae Systems and Findings - Many Different Systems, Players, Applications, Markets, Ventures and Business Models for Investors and Prospective Producers to Consider

SECTION 4: ALGAE PRODUCERS - BUSINESS MODELS AND STRATEGIES

Chapter 7 - Case Studies: Algae Business Models, Producer Profiles, Target Market Strategies
Each business model includes a description, producer profiles, strategies and examples 7.1 Open Pond Owner-Operators Model 7.2 Open Pond Licensors of Technology 7.3 Open/Fish Ponds - Land Lease Model 7.4 Renewable Drop In Fuels - Owners and Operators Model 7.5 Renewable Drop In Fuels - Licensors of Technology 7.6 The Microbial Fermentation Model 7.7 The Ethanol Fermentation Model 7.8 Closed (PBR) Systems for High-Value Products 7.9 Bioremediation - Mitigating Sewage, Farm, Waste-Run Off 7.10 Carbon Remediation Strategy (capture + produce fuels) 7.11 End Users - Using Algae as Feedstock Supplies (refineries) 7.12 Biomass Gasification for Power Generation Appendix of producer profiles for each business model above - selected examples: Algenol Algaelink Algae to Energy Aurora Algae Aquaflow Binomics Blue Marble Cellana LiveFuels OriginOil Petroalgae Petrosun Biofuels SBAE Industries Solazyme Solix

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ALGAE 2020:
T AB LE O F CO N T EN T S
8. Summary of Findings -

Vol 2: Global Biofuels, Drop-In Fuels, Biochems and Commercial Market Forecasts (2011 Update)

SECTION 5- ROADMAP FOR ALGAE SYSTEMS COMMERCIALIZATION SCALE UP

Scaling Up to Commercial Deployment of Fuels, Biochems 8.1 Algae Producers - Scaling Up An Algae Production Venture in Four Phases to Commercialization
8.1.1 Phase 1: Bench/R&D, And Laboratory Projects 8.1.2 Phase 2: Pilot Size Projects - Field Tests With Pilot Projects 8.1.3 Phase 3: Demonstration Projects - Scale-Up Of Projects 8.1.4 Phase 4: Commercial Projects - Projects In Commercial Operation

8.2 Summary of Conclusions - Algae 2020 Criteria for Better Economics, Production Models and Systems Efficiency 8.2.1 Fatter: Species or Production Criteria for Higher Oil Content, Production 8.2.2 Faster: Species or Production Criteria for Faster Production, Harvesting 8.2.3 Cheaper: A Systems Perspective For Capex/Opex Economic Cost Reductions 8.2.4 Better: Easier, Better Production Systems Needed for Market Acceptance 8.3 Algae 2020: Scale Up Strategies, Commercialization Models, Leading Producer Strategies and Perspectives 8.3.1 Players: Commercialization Plans and Milestones to 2020 8.3.2 Products: Multiple Markets and Strategies Outlook (Solazyme, Algenol, Martek, Aquatic Energy) 8.3.3 Technologies: Evolution and Commercialization Timeline to 2020 8.3.4 Markets: Commercialization Outlook to 2020 8.4 Algae 2020 Biofuels Commercialization Forecasts: Three Commercialization, Scale Up and Deployment Scenarios 8.4.1 Optimistic Commercialization Scenario: 2013-2015 First-Stage Deployment of Biofuels, Drop-In Fuels, Biochems 8.4.2 Baseline Commercialization Scenario: 2015-2017 Early Adopters of Commercial Biofuels, Drop-In Fuels, Biochems 8.4.3 Conservative Commercialization Scenario: 2017-2020 Large Scale Commercial Deployment for Biofuels, Biochems

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ALGAE 2020:

Vol 2: Global Biofuels, Drop-In Fuels, Biochems and Commercial Market Forecasts (2011 update)

T ABLE O F CHA R T S , G RAP H S , I L L US T RAT I ON S AN D F I G URES

ALGAE 2020 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Illustration: Roadmap for The Evolution of Algal Biomass Producers From The Lab to Commercial Market Scale Graph: Evolution of Algae Production Systems from The Lab to Commercial Market Scale in Four Phases Chart: Current Industry Status of Pilot, Demo and Commercial Scale Projects for Biofuels Chart: Algae Production Systems Diagram Inputs, Production, Harvesting, Extraction, Products Summary of Algae 2020 Target Market Analysis: Biofuels, Drop-In Fuels, Biochems, Co-Products Graph: Biocrude as Crude-Oil Drop-In Replacement or Supplement for Petroleum Crude Oil Table: Drop-In Fuels, Renewable Diesel, HRJ Jet Fuel, Renewable Gasoline, Biobutanol Table: Synthetic Biology Pioneers in Algal Biomass for Biofuels, Drop In Fuels, Biochems Table: Non-Fuel Biomass Fractions and Valuable Co-Products Chart: Algal Biomass Products and Markets, Oil, Protein and Carbohydrate Fractions and Uses Graph: Algae 2020 Market Value Models For High, Mid, Low Value Products vs Small & Big Markets Table: Algae 2020 Market Size and Value Matrix of High, Mid and Lower Value Products, Including Pharmaceuticals, Specialty Chemicals, Nutraceuticals, Livestock and Fish Feed, and Oil for Biofuels Algae Production Systems:Techno-Economic Selection Criteria CAPEX, OPEX For Scale Up Graph: Algal Production Systems Diagram: Economics of Inputs, Production, Harvesting, Extraction, Rening Graph: Algae Production Systems Diagram Step 1 Input Criteria, Species Selection, Light, Water, CO2, Economics Graph: Algae Production Systems Diagram Step 2 Production System Types, Components, Variables, Economics Graph: Algae Production Systems Diagram Step 3 Harvesting & Dewatering Systems by Type, Economic Criteria Graph: Algae Production Systems Diagram Step 4 Extraction & Oil Recovery Systems, Economic Selection Criteria Graph: Algae Production Systems Diagram Step 5 Algal Biomass Product Markets, Economic Selection Criteria Algae Production Methods Overview: Ponds, PBRs, Fermenters, Harvesting and Extraction Photo Illustration of A Commercial Algae Farming Operation Using Raceway Ponds Table: System Inputs and Key Factors Determining The Growth Rate of Algae Illustration of Oswald Raceway Pond Design for High Rate Algal Growth Examples of Commercial Operations Using Raceway Ponds: Cyanotech, Earthrise Examples of Pilot and Demonstration Stage Raceways: Seambiotic, Aquatic Energy Overcoming The Shade Wall Photo Illustrations: Bionavitas, OriginOil Helix Bioreactors Matrix of Selected Raceway Pond-Based Producers in Pilot and Demonstration Projects Diagram - Algae Farm Using 64 Open Pond Raceways To Grow Algae Process Diagram of a Photo Bioreactor System: Inputs, Growth, Harvest, Extraction, Fractionation Illustration of Photobioreactor Vertical Tube Farms Adjacent to Power Plants Process Diagram Using CO2 to Produce Algae in A Bioreactor System Techno-Economic Systems Analysis of Algal Biomass Production, Including CAPEX, OPEX Figures Chart: Economics of Algal Oil Production Costs in Open Ponds and Photobioreactors CAPEX, OPEX Chart: Economic Systems Analysis of Algal Oil Production in Open Ponds CAPEX, OPEX by Component

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ALGAE 2020:

Vol 2: Global Biofuels, Drop-In Fuels, Biochems and Commercial Market Forecasts (2011 update)

T ABLE O F CHA R T S , G RAP H S , I L L US T RAT I ON S AN D F I G URES (continued )

Algal Biochemicals and Biopolymers Markets: Introduction, Applications, Target Product Markets
Matrix of Biochemical Products From Algae: Adhesives, Polymers, Coatings, Textiles, Inks, Polyesters Algal Polymers: Diagram of Poly (Vinyl Chloride) Monomers to Polymers Algal Polymers Diagram of Disaccharides: Maltose and Fructose Acetic Functional Groups, Catalysis Diagram of Thermal Depolymerization vs Thermosetting Degradation for Bioplastics, Biopolymers Diagram of Functional Biopolymers: Alkenes, Alkynes, Alcohols (Ethanol), Esthers, Amines Diagram of Carbonyl Groups: Acetic Acid, Acetone, Acetyl Chloride, Acetaldehyde, Methyl Acetate Diagram: From Monomers (i.e. Ethylene Glycol) To Polyethelene for BioPlastic Bottles, Polyester Fabrics Diagram of Monomers to Polymers To Create Bio-Based Nylons Graph of Bio-Products, Including Polyethelene, Vinyl Chloride, Styrene, Plexiglass, and Acrylic Fibers Matrix of BioPolymers as Packaging Products from Sugars and Starches to Polylactic Acid, Polyethelene

Algae Business Models, Strategies and Player Profiles

Matrix and Examples of 12 Dierent Algae Business Models, Strategies. With Case Studies of Each:
01 Open Pond Owner-Operators Model 02 Open Pond Licensors of Technology 03 Open/Fish Ponds - Land Lease Model 04 Renewable Drop In Fuels - Owners and Operators Model 05 Renewable Drop In Fuels - Licensors of Technology 06 The Microbial Fermentation Model 07 The Ethanol Fermentation Model 08 Closed (PBR) Systems for High-Value Products 09 Bioremediation - Mitigating Farm, Waste-Run O Problems With Algae 10 Carbon Capture and Remediation Strategy (CO2 capture + produce fuels) 11 End Users Using Algae as Feedstock Supplies (reneries) 12 Biomass Gasication for Power Generation

Market Investment Trends and Drivers for Algal Biofuels and Biomass Co-Products

Table Investment Trends in Algae Arrives in Three Waves: Public-Private Partnerships, Private Ventures, Commercial Algae Finance Trends, Funding Increases: Algae Investment and Grants Profiles of Leading Selected Projects Public-Private Projects: Chevron-NREL Collaborative R&D, Illustrations Public-Private Projects: DARPA-UOP Collaborative R&D, Illustrations Public-Private Projects: Shell-HR Biopetroleum Collaborative R&D, Illustrations Table Biocrude Feedstocks and Fuels Selected Air Transport, Renewable Diesel Projects Matrix of Aviation Markets, Tests: Algae, Camelina, Jatropha, Palm, Babasu Commercial Demos Worlds First Algae Commercial Test Aviation Test Continental-Boeing-UOP-Sapphire On Site Photo

Graph: Algal Products and Market Strategies for Oil, Protein and Carbohydrate Fractions Graph: Algal Biomass One Feedstock to Produce Many Products, Fuel, Feed, Fiber, Fertilizer, CoProducts Graph: Target Market Strategies for Algal Biomass Graph: Higher Value arget Markets for Producers for Fish and Animal Feed in The Start Up Phase for Proteins Graph: Higher Value Target Markets for Producers of Renewable Oils in The Start-Up Phase, Oleochemicals, Nutritionals Graph: Fishmeal Pellets at 65% Protein As A Target Market for High Value Co Products, Time Series Price Illustration

Markets and Marketing Strategies for Algal Biomass Products and Producers

Chart: Biomass To Power Markets for Algal Biomass in the US, by State, Under RPS
Table: RFS Regulations in The US, RECs and Values by State by Daily Pricing Graph: US Renewable Energy Credits (RECs) Wholesale Voluntary REC Prices By Resource Type

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ALGAE 2020:

Vol 2: Global Biofuels, Drop-In Fuels, Biochems and Commercial Market Forecasts (2011 update)

T ABLE O F C H A R T S , G RAP H S , I L L US T RAT I ON S AN D F I GURES (continued )

Algae 2020 Biofuels Market Forecasts and Commercialization Outlook Algal Biofuels Market Forecast: Current Deployment-Level Algal Producers 2011-2025 Algal Biofuels Producers: Timeline and Volumes of Production, by Company, 2011-2025 Algal Biomass Fractions and Product Markets for Oils, Proteins and Carbohydrates Species Selection: Market Demand for Oils, Protein Drives Species Selection Criteria Algae 2020 Market Forecasts: Biomass, Biofuels, Drop-In Fuels, Biocrude Commercialization Outlook Early Phase Deployment Into Entry-Stage Markets: Small Niche Markets for High Value Products Mid-Term Phase Deployment Into Medium Size Markets Mid-Value for Livestock Feed and Consumer Products Longer-Term Commercial Deployment Into Large Scale Markets for Lower Value Biofuels Products to 2020 Algae Market Deployment In Five Phases: Commercialization Timeline and Target Market Penetration First Deployment Phase: High-Value Product Markets, Including Nutraceuticals, Specialty Biochemicals and Biopolymers Second Deployment Phase: Commercial Target Markets For Defense, Governments and Aviation Third Deployment Phase: Commercial Target Markets C02 and Bioremediation Co-Location and Production Fourth Deployment Phase: Early Commercial Penetration and Deployment Into Biofuels, Drop-In Fuels Target Markets Fifth Deployment Phase: Large Scale Commercial Market Targets for Deployment of Biofuels and Drop-In Fuels

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