THE INSTITUTE OF FINANCE MANAGEMENT

FACULTY OF INSURANCE AND SOCIAL PROTECTION DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE PROGRAMME: INSURANCE AND RISK MANAGEMENT YEAR 1 STREAM: A. SUB GROUP 2

QUESTION: a) The discipline of management is continually evolving and is addressed through three basic approaches. They are : The classical approach, behavioural approach and management science approach. Why is it important for managers to understand different approaches to management?
b) Assume you are the managing director of the ministry of health whose workers are on strike because they are not satisfied with the motivation policies. Using any theory of your choice explain how you would solve the particular problem. MEMBERS: NAME KAYENGA ANDREW CHRIS ERIC GWAMAKA MAKATTA MASHA NGOBOLA EMMANUEL ALI LAILAT T SULEIMAN FATMA KH ALPHONCE REHEMA BIR/11/56017 BIR/11/56531 BIR/11/48940 BIR/11/59280 BIR/11/47429 BIR/11/46975 BIR/11/45629 REG NO:

1. Management is a multidimensional study that discussed as a process, a discipline of study or a group of people. But for a general definition it can be simply reffered to as the act of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and objectives using available resources efficiently and effectively. Management comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an organization (a group of one or more people or entities) or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal. The discipline of management is continually evolving and is addressed through three basic approaches. They are; the classical approach, behaviour approach and management science approach as shown below; Classical Schools of Management One of the first schools of management thought, the classical management theory, developed during the Industrial Revolution when new problems related to the factory system began to appear. Managers were unsure of how to train employees (many of them non-English speaking immigrants) or deal with increased labor dissatisfaction, so they began to test solutions. As a result, the classical management theory developed from efforts to find the one best way to perform and manage tasks. The classical scientific arose because of the need to increase productivity and efficiency. The emphasis was on trying to find the best way to get the most work done by examining how the work process was actually accomplished and by scrutinizing the skills of the workforce. This approach include features like the following. Developing new standard methods for doing each job Selecting, training, and developing workers instead of allowing them to choose their own tasks and train themselves Developing a spirit of cooperation between workers and management to ensure that work is carried out in accordance with devised procedures. Classical management approach focused on the productivity of individuals with concetration on their working ability and skills. Limitations of classical approach a) b) It offers mechanistic framework that undermines the role of human factor The environmental dynamics and their effects on management have been discounted.

c) There was a possitive danger in relying too much on past experience because a principle or technique found effective in the past may not fit a situation of the future.

Management Science Approach It is known as Mathematical or Quantitative Measurement Approach. This approach covers decision-making, systems analysis and some aspects of human behaviour Features Management is regarded as the problem-solving mechanism with the help of mathematical tools and techniques. Management problems can be described in terms of mathematical symbols and data. Thus every managerial activity can be quantified. Operations research, mathematical tools, simulation, models etc. are the basic methodologies to solve managerial problems Limitation of management science approach a) b) It errs by arguing that management has no other functions except decion making This approach underrated the supreme importance of the human element in management

c) The mechanistic approach of this theory is devoid of reality. In real life managers have often to make decions speedily with inadequate data. .They can not wait till full data are gathered. d) This approach was based on unrealistic assumption e.g all related variables are measured and have a functional relationship it suffers from the practical difficulty that the required data can not be kept full up todate and accurate. If the model fails to represent the real situation, the result is likely to be erroneous and misleading. Human Behaviour Approach This approach is concerned much with human relations Leadership or Behavioural Science Approach. It bears the existing and newly developed theories and methods of the relevant social sciences upon the study of human behaviour ranging from personality dynamics of individuals to the relations of culture.It is concerned with individual Psychology social Psychology and Organizational Behaviour. Features of behaviour approach As management is the process of getting things done by people, managers should understand human behaviour. Emphasis is put on increasing productivity through motivation and good human relations.

Motivation, leadership, communication, participative management and group dynamics are the central core of this approach

Basically, it is important for managers to understand different approaches to management as through understanding them, they benefited with the following; 1. Management science approach has contributed significantly in developing orderly thinking in management which has provided exactness in management discipline. 2. Various Mathematical tools like sampling, linear p rogramming, games theory, time series analysis, simulation, waiting line theory etc. have provided more exactness in solving managerial problems. 3. This approach is a fast developing area in analysing and understanding management 4. It suggests how the knowledge of human behaviour can be used in making people more effective in the organization. An individuals behaviour is not determined borganization factors alone but also by his attitude, pressure, conflicts of cultural environment etc. Hence these factors must be taken into account. 5. It help managers how to be a good organisers,it is a key for them to Know how to deal with issues that may exist in the work place.managers have to efficiently deal with these issue and simultaneously maintain a stable or improving level of productivity . 6. Maximize productivity,however while management theory does aim towards getting a group of entities to archieve in making people more productive towards this cause. 7. Also they contribute significanty in developing thinking which has provided exactness in management discipline ,through using scientific theory facilitates managers to be dynamic and thus means a manager can change according to circumstances in the work place .

2. Motivation is the force which drives someone to perform positively. Those force may sometime work and at the same time work bringing problems so make someone to find the other ways so that the task or job could be done well. As a manager where workers have a strike caused by bad motivation, The mothod to be used here to solve this problem is HUMAN RELATION OR BEHAVIOURAL APPROACH. The behavioural approach is good to be used on solving this problem as it looks at workers or people as social being, having the needs of bothn physical and psychological motivation. Unlike other approaches like classical approach the behavioural approach does not look at workers like machines who do not get tired or do not get any physical disorders or sickness. From the behavioural approach several ways would be used to solve this problem which includes the following ways. 1. DEFINING THE PROBLEM By using behavioural approach, the first and foremost is define the problem, as it is conviced that, to know the problem is one step towards solving it. So as a managing director of ministry of health in order to solve the currently problem is to define a problem, where as here the problem is the strike of workers as they are not satisfied with motivation policies of which is the first step towards solving this problem 2. ANALYSING THE PROBLEM By using scientific approach to solve the strike of workers of ministry of health due to not satisfied with motivation polices, the second step is to analyse the problem. Analysing a problem is to study the problem as to why that is the problem. The strike of workers due to not being satisfied with motivation polices is the problem, but why this is the problem, will enable to know its causes. Motivation polices to workers may be problem due to, poor implementations and presence of other good motivation polices to them just to mention a few, and that will leading to possible solutions. Also you can analyse the problem by arranging the problem in different patterns seeing how many workers are on strike and how serious they are regarding it.

3. FINDING POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS For this problem the main solution is to motivate the workers in a good way. Change the bad motivation existed before then and finding the other ways. By using behavioural approachthe motivation of the workers will be taken on the account of human having a social being so the motivation will be both physical and psychologically.

PSYCHOLOGICAL MOTIVATION. This come from inside the person, does not regard on mental things but mainly on the good ralation between manager and workers. You may tell the workers good words, making them enjoying the job showing the reason why some of the things are done in a company and so on. PHYSICAL MOTIVATION. Here the motivation will be given regarding material things encouraging people to work and if the work is done well you may give your workers reward and make them work harder. After the workers are psychologically and physically motivated things will come to the best and the workers will understand their responsibilities, love their job.

4. ERADICATING THE STRIKE. There are several ways to which can be used to eradicate strike which include the following. a) Giving good salary to workers b) Giving them safety and making them feel secure c) Giving them the sense of belonging as they will feel that they are part of the ministry.

REFFERENCES C.B. Gupta,(2005) Management Theory and Practice, 8th Edition, Sultan Chand & Sons. New Delhi Bovee, C.L(2002), Management. McGraw-Hill, INC. New York