Katie Burns Prof.

Presnell English 1102 10 March 2012 Evaluative Works Cited: Liposuction and Its Effects Ahern, Ryan William. "The History of Liposuction." Seminars In Cutaneous Medicine And Surgery 28.Advances in Body Shaping (2009): 208-211. ScienceDirect. Web. 11 Mar. 2012. The history of liposuction started with Dr. Charles Dujarrer in 1921 that used a uterine curette to remove fat from a womans ankles, which became a dangerous technique. He ended up cutting the womans femoral artery which caused her leg to be amputated. This then led to the technique of dermolipectomy in the 1960s. This was the removal of excess skin and underlying fat. Then the dry technique of liposuction was created in 1976 but still had some major complications such as: hematoma and seroma formation. It wasnt until 1987 when a safe less risky approach of liposuction was invented by using the tumescent technique. This technique was only done under local anesthetics which minimized risks and possible post-operative complications for the patient. With this technique people can now undergo liposuction without any worries of horrific disaster. This article is very important for me because before I can even dive into the side effects of liposuction and how risky it can be I must know the history of it to get an understanding of how it came to be. For any kind of health issue or procedure a person must know the history of it before undergoing treatment as for me I must know the history before understanding how it works and how it can have complications and risks to follow. This article was very useful and described every technique of liposuction that has been used. This article has given me a better understanding behind the history of liposuction and how it becomes less risky with each procedure. This is a credible source because Ryan William Ahern received his medical doctorate and masters of public health from Tulane University School of Public Health. His medical specialty is in dermatology. He completed his residency at Tulane, and his fellowship at Copper University Hospital in New Jersey. He is also a member of the American Society of Dermatologic Surgery, and many other organizations. He currently works in Houston, Texas and performs many different types of dermatologic surgery.

Habbema, Louis. "Safety of Liposuction Using Exclusively Tumescent Local Anesthesia in 3,240 Consecutive Cases." Dermatologic Surgery 35.11 (2009): 1728-1735. Academic Search Complete. Web. 12 Mar. 2012.

This journal shows ho using local anesthesia with the tumescent procedure is much safer than using general anesthesia. Tumescent liposuction always uses local anesthesia in order to make it safer for the patient. This journal represents many patients being chosen to undergo this procedure to prove the safety of it. To select the patients, many processes took place. Doctors were contacted, and patients were informed of everything that was going to take place before after and during surgery. All regular medications taken by the patient were stopped before the procedure and they were put on flucloxacillin the evening before surgery. The operating rooms were clean and sterile, as well as the surgeons. Tumescent was used for the anesthesia. The results were as follow: between 1996 and 3008 3,240 procedures were performed and out of these cases only 9 major complications occurred, proving this procedure is significantly safe. This article is important for my knowledge because my paper is about the effects of liposuction and this article helps to show that the bad side effects are highly minimized by using the safe technique of tumescent liposuction. Most people probably think that liposuction is dangerous and it can be but with this article I can show in my paper how safe it can be if it is done the right way with the right technique. I will be discussing this procedure all throughout my paper so this article will be really useful for me, to prove the safety of it. While I wasnt able to find many credentials on Louis Habbema when I googled his name I saw that he written many articles about liposuction and scholarly journals just like the one I just discussed. He has received his Medical Doctorate from Erasmus University in the Netherlands. His specialty in many of these articles is speaking of tumescent liposuction and knows many things about it and has written many things about resulting in this article being credible.

Heftel, Christian. What Psychological Effects Can Liposuction Have? Ezine Articles. Health and Fitness. Cosmetic Surgery. (2009). Web. 10 Mar. 2012. Many people want to receive cosmetic surgery because of many reasons. For some people it is because they have a lack of self-confidence or major anxiety issues but for others it is because they simply do not like the view they see when they look in the mirror every day. People want liposuction as a way to disguise their emotions and hide them from what they really are. As many people receive positive psychological effects after undergoing cosmetic surgery, others receive a negative effect. Many people walk into surgery hoping for something that may not happen when they walk out, and it effects their emotions in a negative way because the surgery didnt live up to their expectations. When some people receive a negative effect they want to go in and have more liposuction done which can ruin their behavior. This article is important for my paper because it is important to show how psychological effects can mess with a persons mind due to liposuction. In my paper I am going to talk about the major effects of liposuction and most people forget that there can be psychological problems to come along with the

surgery and before the surgery so it is important to know all of the different effects of liposuction to explain a clear understanding of all of the effects. I couldnt find many credentials about the author of this article, Christian Heftel. I was able to find that he has written over five hundred articles on this website Ezine Articles, all being about liposuction. He has written all of this since 2009, and continues to write more today. I was looking over some of his other articles about liposuction and they seem to be really useful, as those might help for my paper as well.

Klein, Jeffrey A. Two Standards for Tumescent Liposuction. Liposuction 101. Dermatologic Surgery. (1997). Web. 10 March 2012. The two types of liposuction are true tumescent and semi tumescent, with true tumescent being less invasive. They were created to minimize risks and complications due to the surgery. True Tumescent liposuction is done by using local anesthesia which helps the procedure to be less invasive due to the fact that no suture line is needed and there havent been any deaths reported yet. Semi Tumescent liposuction is done by using a general anesthesia or IV sedation causing this procedure to be more invasive. The general anesthesia creates increased risks due to the amount of toxicity placed into a persons system which can be harmful if too much is ingested. This procedure has resulted in some deaths due to the dangerous levels of general anesthesia. Although neither type of tumescent liposuction is safe, true tumescent is the safest. This article is important for my knowledge because it is important for me to know which procedure is safe and which one isnt to prove who dangerous the side effects and complications can or cannot be. This article definitely explains the difference between the two tumescent procedures and it explains clearly which one is safer and why which will help me to explain that there may be little to no negative side effects after the procedure. I found many credentials about Jeffrey A. Klein and learned that he is an American dermatologist from southern California. He spent many years in different colleges receiving many different degrees. He received his medical doctorate from University of California at San Fransisco and went on for another eight years doing postgraduate work. He is currently an Associate Clinical Professor of Dermatology and specializes in describing all about tumescent liposuction.

Yoho, Robert. What Are The Risks or Complications? United States. Food and Drug Administration. 1 August 2002. Web. 10 March 2012. Liposuction has a good success rate with minimal complications and is by far the safest cosmetic procedure. Just like any other surgery an infection can occur on the site of the wound while it is healing,

so the patient must take proper care of the wound site until it has been healed. Embolism can occur, which is when the fat is loosened and is released into the blood stream creating shortness of breath. Another common complication with any surgery is the perforation of internal organs, which can be unpredictable at times. The patient may experience some swelling around the surgical site, but thats not abnormal. Other complications that can occur are: fluid imbalance, burns, and skin necrosis. These complications can be major if they are not taken care of and are highly unpredictable so just because the patient may come out of surgery well doesnt mean they are. This article is important for my knowledge of liposuction because I am writing my paper about the side effects and/or complications of liposuction and how to deal with them. This article gives me many possible complications that can occur and describes what happens when a specific one does occur. It gives me plenty of information to go by to describe possible complications of receiving liposuction. This author doesnt offer any credentials and it doesnt have an author but it is written by the FDA so that people can be informed of the risks and complications before undergoing surgery. The FDA must approve all surgical procedures before they can be performed so I know their research is reliable in determining credibility because they research before they approve anything to make sure it is safe for the human body.

Reflection: 1. What was the hardest part of researching and/or putting your Evaluative Works Cited together? The hardest part of finding all of my research was making sure it was credible and suitable for what I wanted to write about in my paper. Many of the articles I found did not offer much information on the negative psychological effects of liposuction. Being that I am going to talk about all sorts of side effects involved with liposuction I wanted to include psychological effects because many people tend to ignore that side of the surgery. And it was very hard to find information on the psychological effects. 2. What do you like best about your research and/or EWC? I like the fact that I was able to find credible sources and information that can be very useful for my paper. At first it was hard to find information that was credible but in the end I was able to find a lot of information on liposuction that is useful. And since liposuction is such a broad topic information was easy to find on all different sides of the liposuction surgery. 3. How did your group members help? How do you think you helped other group members? My group members helped me to see all of the little problems that were wrong with my evaluative works cited that I probably would not have pointed out myself. I tend to look past the small issues in my writing and only pay attention to the larger issues. That is where group work has really helped me in this project. I believe I have others to see this same thing

because in the two papers we had to proofread I noticed that each person only had small things to fix in their papers. 4. What did you learn about research or putting together an Evaluative Works Cited that you didnt already know? I never knew how to put together an evaluative works cited until now, I also never even knew what an evaluative works cited was. I learned that it is very helpful to make an evaluative works cited before writing a paper because it shows how your information can fit into the paper and where they can fit in. Once you know where the information will go in your paper it is easy to make an outline or decide how to write your paper from there.