Action plan for Under taking the study

Activity
Visit and data collection in MAA garment and textiles S.C Visit and data collection in Almeda textiles S.C Data analysis and organization(steam distribution line, calculation of boiler efficiency, fuel consumption, cost of a kg of steam, steam wastage, etc) Visit and data collection in Bahir Dar textiles S.c Visit and data collection in Kombolcha textiles S.c Data analysis and organization(steam distribution line, calculation of boiler efficiency, fuel consumption, cost of a kg of steam, steam wastage, etc) Visit and data collection in Awassa textiles S.c Data analysis and organization(steam distribution line, calculation of boiler efficiency, fuel consumption, cost of a kg of steam, steam wastage, etc) Visit and data collection in Yirgalem Addis Textile S.c Visit and data collection in Ayika Addis Textile S.c Data analysis and organization(steam distribution line, calculation of boiler efficiency, fuel consumption, cost of a kg of steam, steam wastage, etc)

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Studying the international best practices on boiler operations and determining(fixing) the benchmark parameters regarding efficiency, fuel(energy consumption),steam wastage, team generation cost, environmental and heath impacts Compare and contrast our study findings with the international best practices Analyzing the gaps and problems in of our wet processing steam generation and utilization Recommending solution to bridge the identified gaps Compare and contrast furnes fuel boilers, coal boilers and electrical boilers with respect to cost, efficiency, and environmental and health impacts Preparing final report that shows the image of Ethiopias steam generation and utilization.

Urea reduction or elimination in reactive dye print pastes is of ecological interest. Sodium edetate is presented as a complete substitution of urea in the conventional print paste of reactive dyes, namely CI Remazol Black B and Remazol Brilliant Orange 3R using a constant amount of sodium alginate as the thickening agent. Three different print pastes containing urea/NaHCO3, sodium edetate/NaHCO3 and sodium edetate were thoroughly investigated. Different factors that may affect the printability of cotton, such as the concentrations of sodium edetate, urea, dye, absence or presence of alkali and steaming time in the prints obtained were evaluated with respect to the dye fixation, colour strength, dye penetration, levelling and the fastness properties. Excellent to good fastness was obtained for all samples irrespective of the print paste used.

Abstract
The feasibility of using chitosan as a thickener in the pretreatment print paste for textile ink-jet printing was explored. An orthogonal analysis was used to determine the optimum conditions for using chitosan as a thickener in the pretreatment print paste and the effects of different process factors for achieving the best color yield in textile ink-jet printing. With the help of the orthogonal analysis, the importance of different process factors was found to be in the order of (1) the

amount of urea used, (2) the amount of chitosan used, (3) the amount of sodium bicarbonate used, and (4) the steaming time. On the basis of the results of the orthogonal analysis, the optimum conditions for using chitosan as a thickener for the pretreatment print paste were concluded to be 40 mL of chitosan, 10 g of urea, 8 g of sodium bicarbonate, and 5 min of steaming. According to an analysis of the results of different color fastness tests, chitosan could principally work as a pretreatment print paste thickener. However, the final color yield obtained from chitosan-containing cotton fabrics depended greatly on the stage of the chitosan application. Nevertheless, the color fastness properties and the outline sharpness of the prints of cotton fabric were greatly improved by the chitosan treatment. A two-bath chitosan treatment was developed to separate the chitosan from sodium bicarbonate and urea before it was padded onto the fabric surface to minimize the neutralization effect. On the basis of the results for the highest color yield obtained on the cotton fabric, it was confirmed that the two-bath chitosan treatment was successfully developed. In addition, chitosan could impart higher antibacterial properties with a slight reduction in the tensile strength of the cotton fabric. 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008