Chapter 1 1. Chemistry---al-kimiya (Arabic word for alchemy) 2.

Scientist: Antoine Lavoiser combustion and composition of water : Robert Boyle separated chemistry for alchemy 3. Study of : Composition of matter : Structure of matter : Properties of matter : Interaction of matter 4. Importance ~sodium chloride (salt)-preserving food ~oxygen-for respiration ~calcium carbonate-making marble ~copper-made into wires 5. Related carrier ~medical doctors & biochemists- understand the chemical process in human body ~pharmacists- expert in medicinal drugs- interaction between each other or with the body ~Forensic scientist- helps police to solve crime by analyzing evidence ~pathologists- determine the cause of death by an autopsy ~food technologists- develop ways of processing and preserve food ~farmers- need chemistry to understand the proper usage of fertilizers and pesticide 6. Chemical based industry ~palm-oil industry ~paint industry ~petroleum industry ~rubber industry ~agrochemical industry ~pharmaceutical industry ~healthcare industry ~cosmetic industry ~inorganic industry *benefits= they contribute to our economy, support other industries in the country and provide job opportunities to our people. 7. Scientific method Steps involved in a scientific method: 1) Making Observations - using our five senses (sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch) 2) Making Inference - a smart guess made based on our observation 3) Identifying problem - written in a form of a question (?) based on the inference made 4) Making hypothesis - a general statement based on the relationship between a manipulated variable and a responding variable. 5) Identifying variables - manipulated, responding and constant (fixed) variables to test the hypothesis made 6) Controlling variables - deciding on how to manipulate the chosen variable, what to measure and how to keep a fixed variable constant 7) Planning an experiment - deciding what materials & apparatus to use; procedure of an experiment; method of collecting data and ways to analyze and interpret the data 8) Collecting data - making observations and measurements. Record them in a form of a table. - Do ensure that all measured values are recorded with the correct number of signicant gures. - Do include the units of the physical quantities listed in the header of the table. 9) Interpreting data - organizing and analyzing a data (graph, charts) 10) Making conclusion - making a statement about the outcome of the experiment and whether the hypothesis is accepted/rejected. 11) Writing a report - When writing experiment reports, write in present tense, passive voice.