MOKENERGY

C O R P O R A T I O N

1000 Titus Road, Springeld OH 45501

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POLAND Poland is densely populated and has low levels of sunlight. Solar Insolation in Poland amounts to an average of 657 kWh/m2/year. This is half that found in places like Ohio and less than 1/3 of that found in sunnier climates like Italy, Iberia, or the US Southwest. Poland also has signicant shipping centers that connect it with the rest of the world and a well established infrastructure of pipelines and industrial centers. For these reasons it makes sense to generate hydrogen in a sunnier place, like Florida or Texas, Spain or Portugal, and ship hydrogen to Gdansk or another major port city. Economic growth is closely tied to energy costs. Lower energy costs and more abundant energy supplies translate to strong economic growth of any industrial economy. Poland is no different. With their excellent shipping and strong industrial capacity, they are well poised for economic expansion provided they have access to energy and raw materials at reasonable costs. In 2001 Polands economy used energy at a rate of 118.22 billion watts in all forms. This included the following primary fuels; 154.9 million barrels of oil per year 150.7 million short tons of coal per year 489 billion cubic feet of Natural Gas Coal was used primarily to produce electricity; 118.8 billion kWh of electricity.

MOKENERGY
C O R P O R A T I O N

1000 Titus Road, Springeld OH 45501

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PLAN FOR POLAND STEP 1: Use Hydrogen instead of coal to make electricity. 7.87 million tons of hydrogen shipped to Poland each year and burned in existing fossil fueled power plants displaces all coal use for producing electricity and eliminates a signicant amount of carbon. Hydrogen when sold at $603 per ton the fuel costs are less than that of coal namely $0.04 per kWh. STEP 2: Convert Coal to Petrol An added 15.1 million tons of hydrogen shipped to Poland each year and combined with 150.7 million short tons of coal produces 931.6 million barrels of petrol using the Bergius Process. Subtracting 154.9 million barrels of local consumption from this total allows the export of 777.1 million barrels per year. Hydrogen at $603 per ton contribute $9.77 per barrel of oil. Coal costs contribute another $2.93 while conversion equipment and operations contribute another $2.00. This totals less than $15 per barrel. Market value of the liquid fuel exceeds $85 today. This generates $52.01 billion per year in revenues while saving $12.31 billion per year in foreign oil purchases. STEP 3: Displace Natural Gas with Hydrogen Gas Hydrogen burns under the same conditions as Natural Gas. Hydrogen may be mixed with Natural Gas and burned along with it. Hydrogen may be substituted 100% for Natural Gas.

MOKENERGY
C O R P O R A T I O N

1000 Titus Road, Springeld OH 45501

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TEXAS: The source of low-cost hydrogen for Poland made from sunlight and water. The Port City of Galveston Texas, built originally to ship Texas Crude Oil overseas, is today capable of shipping out large quantities of liquid fuels, including liquid hydrogen. Texas receives 3 to 4 times as much sunlight per year as Poland. Texas is also located on the Gulf of Mexico with easy access to water. So, it makes sense to build solar powered hydrogen production facilities in Texas and ship the liquied hydrogen from Galveston to Gdansk. To produce 23 million tons of hydrogen each year requires 207 million kilo-liters of water each year to be processed on 926.4 square kilometers of desert lands West of San Antonio and North of the Rio Grande river. This land is lled with 81,913 towers and 2,948,875 inatable reectors. In addition to new solar powered hydrogen generators being built there will also be built liquid hydrogen transport.

MOKENERGY
C O R P O R A T I O N

1000 Titus Road, Springeld OH 45501

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COAL

Hydrogen Crude Oil Crude Oil

Of the 23 million tons of hydrogen produced in the USA on behalf of Poland only 8 million tons are required in Poland to power electrical generators there. Of the 931 million barrels of crude oil created from coal and hydrogen only 160 million barrels are consumed by Poland. Since America is the worlds largest consumer of crude oil, and since America has the worlds largest supply of coal, and since mature markets exist for both of these commodities within the United States, it is suggested that in order to minimize the shipping costs, that Crude Oil be made in Bergius Hydrogenation Units within the USA and shipped to Poland along with its hydrogen. The Be!chatw Power Station is a large 4,440!MW lignite red power station. It is also the largest thermal power station in Europe. The station's exhaust is expelled through two 300!m (980!ft) tall chimneys, among Poland's tallest free-standing structures. Conversion of this plant to non-polluting hydrogen gas requires over 1/3 of the total hydrogen shipped to Poland. 2.56 million tons per year. The Power Station Kozienice is a huge thermal power plant with a power output of 2,673 MW. Conversion of this plant to non-polluting hydrogen gas requires 1.56 million tons of hydrogen gas per year. A long term supply contract for hydrogen for these two power plants is sufcient to allow MOKENERGY to arrange funding for the total conversion of the Polish economy to hydrogen along the lines indicated within seven years producing signicant revenues for Poland.