Examples Sheet 4 (Antennas)

1. If

the

electric

field

of

plane

wave

is

given

by

E( z , t ) = x3cos(t kz ) + y 4 cos(t kz ) V/m, what is the polarization of

this wave? 2. Consider a 3 cm long, 0.5 mm diameter dipole operating at 900 MHz. Compare the physical cross-sectional area of this dipole with its effective aperture area. [Hint: A short dipole has a directivity of 1.5.] 3. A DBS reflector antenna operating at 12.4 GHz has a diameter of 18. If the aperture efficiency is 65%, find the directivity. 4. A base station antenna operating at 860 MHz consists of an array of three parallel half-wave dipoles spaced 0.45 apart. Find the far-field distance of the antenna. 5. A high gain array antenna operating at 2.4 GHz is pointed toward a region of the sky for which the background temperature can be assumed to be at a uniform temperature of 5 K. A noise temperature of 105 K is measured for the antenna temperature. If the physical temperature of the antenna is 290 K, what it its radiation efficiency? 6. Find the overall G/T for the microstrp antenna array-LNB combine with the following specifications: Background noise temperature TB = 50 K, antenna gain = 33.5 dB, receiver LNB noise figure = 1.1 dB, total loss of array = 2.5 dB, and antenna physical temperature = 290 K.

7. Show that the radiation efficiency of an isolated Hertzian dipole made of a metal wire of radius a, length dl and conductivity is given by

r =

1 Rs 1+ 160 3 a dl

In deriving the above expression, you may need the formulas for the radiation, loss and surface resistances of the Hertzian dipole, given below:

dl Rr = 80
2

dl Rl = Rs 2 a

Rs =

f o

8. The effective area of an antenna is 6 m2. What is its directivity in decibels at 3 GHz?

9. A dipole antenna has an impedance (73 + j 42.5) in series with a loss resistance of 1 as shown in Fig. Q5(d). It is supplied by a source as shown with a peak voltage of 2 V and impedance (50 + j 25) . Calculate the power radiated and the power dissipated by the antenna.
Source 2V (50 + j25) R=1

Rr + jX = (73 + j42.5)

10. A 28 GHz common-carrier radio link uses a tower-mounted reflector antenna with a gain of 32 dB. Given that the transmitter power is 3 W: (i) Find the minimum distance within the main beam of the antenna for which a power density limit of 10 mW/cm2 is not exceeded. Find the minimum distance (for the power density limit of 10 mW/cm2) for a position within the sidelobe region of the antenna, assuming a worst-case sidelobe level of 15 dB below the main beam. Determine the far-field distance of the antenna, assuming a round reflector, and a radiation efficiency of 60%.

(ii)

(iii)