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Industrial Gas Turbine

Unit 303 - Combustion Section and Fuels


Topic C: 3.1 Combustion Section 3.3 Operation of Combustion Chamber 3.4 Inspection of Combustion liners 3.5 Typical fault in Combustion Liners

Learning Aim and Objective


Aim:
To demonstrate an understanding of the construction, maintenance and operation of the combustion section.

Learning Aim and Objective


Objective: At the end of this lesson, you should be able to: State the combustion sections. Explain the operation of Combustion Chamber. Describe a typical inspection procedure for combustion linear and cross fire tubes. Identify the typical faults in Combustion Liners.

Combustion Section
Combustion section consist of:
Spark Plug
Air Inlet from Compressor

Combustion Liner

Transition Piece

Dual Fuel Nozzle

Combustion Section
Combustion section consist of:
2 Spark Plug 4 Ultraviolet Flame Sensor Mounting Adapters

Crossfire Tubes

Back

Combustion Chamber
Construction Between Compressor &Turbine Section. Chamber must be in a through-flow position. Its design such that the air near the nozzle stays close to the front wall of the liner. Why?
Function of Air flow through Combustion Chamber: To oxidize the fuel. To cool the metal parts. To control the combustion products.

Ultraviolet Flame Detectors


Purpose To indicate the present or absence of flame.

Operation A flame Sensor (gas filled detector) Sensitive to the present of Ultraviolet radiation (emitted by a Hydrocarbon flame). Failure to detect flame will inhibit further progress of the sequence.

Ultraviolet Flame Detectors

Spark Plugs
Purpose - To provide a place for an electric spark that is hot enough to ignite the mixture of air & fuel inside the combustion chamber of gas turbine. Operation Electrode Type spark plugs. Supply High voltage current arcing across a gap on the spark plug. Received power from Ignition Transformer. Two are installed.

Spark Plugs
Spark Plug Retainer

Core Assembly

Spark Plug Retainer

Cross Fire Tube


Purpose Enable flame from the fired chamber to propagate to the unfired chambers. (FIG.2 Combustion Camber
Arrangement.)

Fuel Nozzle
Purpose To control the amount of fuel into combustion chamber. Fitted on each combustion chamber.

Operation Fuel get through Central Tube. Air pass through annular space. The mixing of Fuel and Air at passage K. Final mixing and atomization at circular slot L.

Fuel Nozzle

Transition Pieces
Purpose - To link the hot gas path between combustion chambers and first stage nozzle. Construction Clamped to the forward side of nozzle assembly. The Nozzle assembly sealed at both outer and inner periphery.Why?

Transition Pieces

3.3 - Operation of Combustion Chamber


Purpose - To burn the mixture of air and fuel inside combustion chamber so that the expanded gas can be used to spin the turbine. Operation Fuel is introduced at the front end of the burner. Air flows around the fuel nozzle and through the first row of combustion air holes in the liner.

3.3 - Operation of Combustion Chamber

The air entering through opposing liner holes mixes rapidly with the fuel to form a combustible mixture.

3.3 - Operation of Combustion Chamber

Air entering the forward section of the liner recirculate & move upstream against the fuel spray. Why?

3.3 - Operation of Combustion Chamber

Air entering the downstream part of the liner provides the correct mixture for combustion and creates turbulence for mixing the fuel & air.Why?

3.3 - Operation of Combustion Chamber


After ignition, the flame spreads to the primary zone (combustion zone). Only 20% - 25% of the air takes parts in the combustible process.Why? 75% - 80% used to form an air blanket around the burning gases and to dilute the temperature.

3.3 - Operation of Combustion Chamber


The gases then spin the turbine and gain its speed. The gases from combustion process having temperatures of 3500F (1900C). Before entering the turbine, the gases must be cooled to approximately half of the value. How?

3.3 - Operation of Combustion Chamber


How? Cooling is done by diluting the hot gases with the secondary air.

3.4 Inspection of Combustion Liner


Periodic maintenance and inspection important. Why? Inspection carried out according to the amount of running hours specified by the manufacturers of the Gas Turbine. Inspection can be carried out even without removing the chamber out from its outer casing. How?

Inspection using Borescope


Removed Fuel Injector Insert tube of Borescope through the hole, where the fuel injector is situated. Check combustion liner on the outside and inside. Look for what?

3.5 Combustion Liner fault


Combustion liners exposed to open flame, therefore subjected to Stress. It is important to check for:

Cracks result from continuous full capacity application of gas turbine i.e. high speed equal to high temp in combustion chamber.
Blocked cooling holes result from burnt rice (dry seed).

Recap
the component attached on the combustion sections. Describe the operation of Combustion Chamber. Describe a typical inspection procedure for combustion linear. Identify the typical faults in Combustion Liners.
State

Overview of Next Lesson


Section E Cooling System Topic: Cooling air system & sealing air

Thank you for your Attention

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