sub.

net-SLV
Smart Low Voltage Monitoring

Power Quality
Harmonics
Flicker
Frequency
Voltage Dips

Per Phase Power

Per phase real & reactive powers
Power factor
Per feeder metered values

Communications - GSM/GPRS
Regular reports
For an LV substation with 6 feeders there are over 140 parameters available

eMS
www.sales@emsni.com
www.emsni.com
02892670248

LV monitoring sub.net Smart LV

Introduction
Apart from the technology required a major problem for utilities and monitoring equipment
manufacturers is the number of installations necessary to achieve successful results in their drive for
improved efficiency. This must be achieved without incurring the potential collection of unimportant
information causing bottle-necks and increased engineering labour to manage irrelevant data. The
quantities required help to force prices of monitoring equipment down somewhat but there are also
communications, robustness and MTBF to be seriously considered.
In attempting to achieve something closer to this end eMS have brought the sub.net embedded monitoring
system to the fore and tailored it to the precise LV applications required to help reduce costs. This new
product sub.net SMART LV remains flexible however and allows any of sub.nets many other functions
to be incorporated as required. The Smart LV system carries the sub.net 5 year warranty. Specific
requirements can also be added to precisely suit users wishes.

Existing LV applications using sub.net

Current and future changes to the energy demand profile caused by low energy lighting, heat pumps,
electric vehicles, etc. as well as single and three phase generation connected at LV has led to a need for
power utilities to monitor the LV network to assess the impact on the system.
At present two UK utilities are using numbers of sub.nets to provide remote monitoring of per phase per
feeder real and reactive power and phase voltages of the LV network. A formatted report is emailed to
registered users either daily or weekly with graphical and tabular measurements via GSM or GPRS. A
report is also sent to a central server with the source data as a CSV attachment. COMTRADE format may
also be used for this. The source data are imported into a database for further analysis and reporting.
The range of installation sites includes pole mounted transformers, ground mounted transformers and LV
substations. The pole and wall mounting enclosures include fusing for the phase voltages and the
GSM/GPRS modem. Sub.net is powered from one of the phase voltages and draws less than 4W. A
standby battery is used to maintain full recording capability during any loss of mains supply.
One sub.net can fully monitor up to three separate circuits. If additional feeders are required extra input
transducers are used.
CT

CT

GPRS

sub.net

Feeder 1

Feeder 2

Feeder 3

Feeder 4

For external current connections Rogowski CTs rated IP65 are used. For internal sites both Rogowski and
split core CTs have been used. One utility uses the GPS time sync option to accurately align the
measurement intervals. The antenna is attached to a separate pole mounting bracket to ensure it gets the
best view of the sky.
For an LV substation with 6 feeders there are
over 140 parameters available.
sub.net will report on power quality, voltage
dips, frequency, harmonics and flicker.
The system can be extended to include any
number of feeders.
Analysed reports including graphs are sent to
users via email over a GSM/GPRS network.
Data may also be automatically integrated
with SCADA and other utility systems.

sub.net being installed

Pole mounted sub.net.

Additional functionality
sub.net is a very flexible instrument with many functions and application areas. In addition to the feeder
power trending the system may also be used to monitor the transformer loading and power quality. The
PQ parameters include harmonics, flicker, imbalance, dips and surges. Trend reports may be sent
regularly or on demand. The reporting interval and format for on-demand reports is selected by the user.
These reports may be saved directly or sent as emails to the current user. The source data files may also
be saved directly in either COMTRADE or CSV format.
Harmonic trend reports can include voltage or current measurements up to the 50th. Graphical and tabular
information is given and conformance to standards like EN50160 and G5/4 may also be shown. The
measurements conform to EN61000-4-7.
Harmonics Report

Flicker trend reports include both Pst (10 min) and Plt (2 Hr) values. Per phase measurements are shown
with scaling values from 0.1 to 20. The measurements conform to EN61000-4-15.

Flicker Report

Regular power trend reports

An example of a daily per phase power trend report is shown below with part of the source data file in
CSV format. The circuit total and individual phase measurements of the apparent, real & reactive powers
and power factor are shown followed by the phase voltages and frequency. Below this is a table
containing the maximum, minimum and average measurements during the trended interval. A second
table contains the metered energy values.
The data in the CSV file can be imported into most spreadsheet and database applications for further
analysis and reporting.

SLV has been developed to suit market demands by applying sub.nets high speed
prioritised report analysis without the need for third party intervention.
This dedicated LV system permits the latest technology to be offered at an unbeatable price
together with the highest degree of flexibility and efficiency.

Power trend at eMS Lisburn on 25/10/2011 at 00:00:00

Notes
Add notes for this event report here.

Summary
Measurements from the event.

System
Class

sub.net
Power, Frequency trend

Duration

1 day

Phase

total

Trend waveforms
Cct1
(kW,kVA)

Real power Apparent power

(kW,kVA)

Real (R)

Real (Y)

Real (B) Apparent (R)

Time (Hr) [Start 00:00 25/10/2011]

Apparent (Y)

Apparent (B)

(kVAr)

Reactive power

(kVAr)

Reactive (R)

Reactive (Y)

Reactive (B)

Time (Hr) [Start 00:00 25/10/2011]

Power factor

Power factor (R)

Power factor (Y)

Power factor (B)

Time (Hr) [Start 00:00 25/10/2011]

(V)

Va

Vb

Vc

Time (Hr) [Start 00:00 25/10/2011]

(Hz)

Frequency

Time (Hr) [Start 00:00 25/10/2011]

Measurement Summary
Levels during the trend interval.
Max

Min

Avg

Real (total) Cct1

+97.98

+15.30

+42.87

kW

Real (R) Cct1

+40.81

+4.95

+14.95

kW

Real (Y) Cct1

+43.25

+5.19

+16.09

kW

Real (B) Cct1

+35.79

+3.67

+11.82

kW

Reactive (total) Cct1

+12.05

+0.04

+4.70

kVAr

Reactive (R) Cct1

+5.09

-2.16

+0.64

kVAr

Reactive (Y) Cct1

+7.23

-0.02

+2.55

kVAr

Reactive (B) Cct1

+8.56

-0.72

+1.51

kVAr

Apparent (total) Cct1

98.48

16.63

43.74

kVA

Apparent (R) Cct1

+41.34

+5.27

+15.18

kVA

Apparent (Y) Cct1

+44.98

+5.58

+16.51

kVA

Apparent (B) Cct1

+35.88

+3.98

+12.05

kVA

Power factor (total) Cct1

+1.000

+0.815

+0.970

Power factor (R) Cct1

+1.00

+0.71

+0.98

Power factor (Y) Cct1

+1.00

+0.72

+0.96

Power factor (B) Cct1

+1.00

+0.63

+0.97

Va

249.687 238.332 246.153 V

Vb

251.034 234.512 246.709 V

Vc

251.086 240.909 247.564 V

Frequency

50.313

49.790

50.007

Metered energy during the trend interval

Apparent

+1049.84 kVAh

Real

+1028.84 kWh

Reactive

+112.83 kVArh

CO2 generated if grid

+0.55
source

Tonnes

CO2 saved if
renewable source

Tonnes

+0.44

Hz

Source Data CSV Format

analo
gue

total
20
samp
0.0016
67
25/10/2
011
n

20
endsa
mp

digital
0

144
00:00:0.00000
0
S:Cct
time
1

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

3600

4200

4800

10

5400

11

6000

12

6600

13

7200

kVA
21.19
228
20.90
83
21.28
916
20.37
375
21.61
323
20.40
716
20.80
139
20.24
011
19.41
49
18.45
606
18.43
601
19.46
167
19.90
602

14

7800

19.40

P:Cct
1

Q::Cc
t1

PF:C
ct1

S(R):
Cct1

P(R):
Cct1

Q:(R):
Cct1

PF(R):
Cct1

S(Y):
Cct1

P(Y):
Cct1

Q:(Y):
Cct1

PF(Y):
Cct1

S(B):
Cct1

P(B):
Cct1

Q:(B):
Cct1

PF(B):
Cct1

Freque
ncy

kW
20.14
982
19.72
599
20.12
964
19.06
669
20.20
7
19.02
969
19.40
307
18.97
924
18.39
058
17.50
255
17.30
073
17.92
302
18.08
448

kVAr
4.453
316
4.614
393
4.757
524
5.339
468
5.951
474
5.506
378
5.278
447
4.951
356
4.078
664
3.530
371
4.439
406
6.050
633
6.825
062

PF

kW
6.935
552
6.124
438
6.272
774
6.208
075
6.159
155
6.195
45
6.476
342
6.132
329
6.376
925
5.867
217
6.075
519
6.389
549
6.589
961

kVAr
1.0610
34
0.6134
64
0.7059
06
1.0108
82
1.1157
94
0.9043
44
0.6104
82
0.7449
43
0.8647
65
0.8132
57
0.9975
99
1.4451
69
1.5628
22

PF

kW
6.119
579
6.820
826
6.630
18
6.335
093
6.547
29
6.288
674
6.668
309
6.960
081
6.026
743
5.851
017
6.263
808
6.630
18
6.557
237

kVAr
1.5306
01
2.4738
32
2.3459
75
2.5320
53
2.6679
01
2.5229
2
3.0857
2
2.8750
98
1.9395
73
1.8679
39
2.1987
12
2.5380
46
2.9130
56

kW
7.094
455
6.782
791
7.229
07
6.522
339
7.502
69
6.545
751
6.258
962
5.887
306
5.988
268
5.786
345
4.959
631
4.904
029
4.937
683

kVAr
1.8612
53
1.5271
47
1.7058
25
1.7962
4
2.1678
03
2.0791
1
1.5822
57
1.3312
48
1.2744
15
0.8490
34
1.2434
16
2.0674
85
2.3490
64

Hz

0.893

kVA
7.434
203
7.056
01
7.527
296
6.859
64
7.904
035
6.970
189
6.573
086
6.157
074
6.245
804
5.969
432
5.247
956
5.439
961
5.578
147

PF

0.941

kVA
6.516
952
7.425
923
7.191
294
6.982
734
7.219
101
6.935
809
7.495
442
7.681
408
6.508
262
6.327
511
6.801
983
7.245
171
7.335
547

PF

0.92
0.90
7

kVA
7.239
361
6.426
539
6.571
857
6.531
934
6.490
415
6.503
19
6.734
741
6.402
585
6.659
686
6.158
259
6.386
616
6.776
26
6.991
841

17.75

6.260

0.91

6.765

6.375

1.4177

0.942

7.008

6.346

2.5545

0.904

5.630

5.029

2.2879

0.95
0.94
2
0.94
4
0.93
5
0.93
4
0.93
1
0.93
2
0.93
7
0.94
6
0.94
7
0.93
7

0.957
0.952
0.954
0.949
0.948
0.952
0.961
0.957
0.956
0.952
0.95
0.942

0.938
0.917
0.921
0.906
0.906
0.906
0.889
0.906
0.925
0.924
0.92
0.914

Va

Vb

Vc

V
249.1
307
248.9
494
248.4
056
247.9
524
247.8
618
248.0
172
248.2
373
248.3
409
248.6
516
248.6
516
249.2
084
249.3
119
248.8
07

V
248.7
811
249.0
012
248.3
668
247.8
877
247.8
747
248.1
078
248.3
797
248.6
775
248.5
351
248.5
998
249.2
602
249.2
343
248.5
869

248.9

248.6

0.953

50.038

0.96

50.052

0.958

50.04

0.95

49.959

0.946

49.954

0.938

49.913

0.951

49.934

0.955

49.974

0.958

49.968

0.968

49.95

0.941

50.043

0.901

50.046

0.884

49.937

V
247.9
136
248.0
948
247.7
064
247.3
309
247.2
532
247.4
086
247.7
194
247.7
97
247.8
1
247.7
323
248.2
243
248.2
114
247.8
488

0.892

49.974

247.9

15

8400

16

9000

17

9600
1020
0
1080
0
1140
0
1200
0
1260
0
1320
0
1380
0
1440
0
1500
0
1560
0

18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27

488

147

169

082

347

88

804

697

99

512

865

26

136

365

905

18.55
294
18.99
729
19.04
406
18.95
719
18.47
276
20.03
297
20.48
734
19.73
563
18.18
878
17.78
787
18.04
512
19.24
786
22.36
494

17.07
199
17.60
683
17.68
083
17.37
473
16.84
326
18.28
631
18.71
35
18.27
621
16.79
953
16.38
243
16.93
744
17.90
957
20.95
712

5.579
963
5.341
711
5.056
796
5.535
992
5.586
244
6.600
271
6.718
724
5.258
705
4.398
127
4.669
582
4.252
305
5.285
177
6.216
646

0.91
9
0.92
5
0.92
7
0.91
5
0.91
1
0.91
2
0.91
2
0.92
5
0.92
2

6.442
508
6.265
252
5.858
042
6.161
453
5.939
484
6.616
57
6.522
353
5.733
484
5.540
259
5.584
972
6.691
624
6.865
686
7.705
656

6.088
143
5.927
183
5.557
921
5.889
31
5.622
621
6.234
901
6.168
623
5.450
614
5.251
781
5.281
764
6.359
567
6.511
059
7.348
999

1.1984
77
1.0656
42
0.5839
15
0.5429
81
0.6443
68
1.3497
45
1.1765
18
0.2507
45
0.0167
95
0.3372
23
1.0634
74
1.3196
54
1.5479
12

6.876
717
6.704
656
7.210
412
7.952
534
6.982
734
7.080
062
7.849
993
7.337
285
6.624
708
7.187
818
6.364
009
6.977
52
7.321
643

6.253
861
6.056
583
6.515
792
7.074
468
6.272
096
6.456
112
6.963
396
6.640
127
5.948
827
6.480
978
5.907
382
6.305
252
6.613
602

2.4216
05
2.4481
47
2.7169
89
3.3117
53
2.6776
05
2.4852
48
3.3160
34
2.7746
39
2.4940
96
2.7272
63
1.7911
67
2.5177
83
2.7355
4

5.236
319
6.029
07
5.976
705
4.846
489
5.550
51
6.337
443
6.114
891
6.664
725
6.023
252
5.016
676
4.990
493
5.406
506
7.338
2

4.731
37
5.623
928
5.607
833
4.412
39
4.947
925
5.597
59
5.581
495
6.187
264
5.601
98
4.620
166
4.669
915
5.094
246
6.996
42

1.9594
18
1.8276
7
1.7561
99
1.6812
83
2.2642
46
2.7654
04
2.2259
27
2.2332
46
1.8870
86
1.6046
46
1.3979
83
1.4483
57
1.9327
24

248.2
761
248.3
409
248.5
48
248.6
905
248.4
444
248.4
833
248.4
056
248.5
998
248.5
61
248.6
516
248.2
761
247.5
381
247.7
841

249.2
343
249.2
213
249.2
602
249.4
155
249.2
602
249.3
767
249.1
436
249.1
954
249.4
026
249.3
119
249.4
544
248.9
235
249.5
321

249.2
213
249.1
954
249.3
896
249.9
076
249.5
709
249.4
026
249.4
414
249.4
026
249.4
803
249.5
968
249.5
968
249.2
731
249.4
932

0.92
0.93
8
0.92
9
0.93
5

0.944
0.945
0.948
0.955
0.946
0.941
0.945
0.949
0.947
0.945
0.949
0.947
0.95

0.908
0.902
0.902
0.889
0.897
0.911
0.886
0.904
0.897
0.9
0.927
0.904
0.902

0.902

50.07

0.927

50.065

0.935

50.091

0.909

50.143

0.89

50.05

0.881

50.089

0.907

50.053

0.925

50.08

0.925

50.071

0.92

50.046

0.935

50.003

0.938

49.979

0.949

50.011