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Q2. Define
1. Biosphere:- The lithosphere, the atmosphere and the hydrosphere along with
the life forms existing on the earth is called biosphere.
2. Autotrophs:-Self – feeding organisms are called autotrophs. Autotrophs
consume the food prepared by them. For e.g. Green plants.
3. Heterotrophs:- Non – green plants, animals and most of the microbes which
obtain their food either from green plants of from dead and decaying organic
matter are called heterotrophs
4. Producers:- Green plants of the biosphere, which prepare food with the help
of solar energy are called producers.
5. Consumers:- Animals, which consume green plants and some animals are
called consumers.
6. Decomposers:- Microbes such as fungi, bacteria, protozoan which brings
about the decomposition of dead bodies and their waste matter, are called
decomposers.
7. Food chain :- Food chain is defined as transfer of food i.e. energy from one
organisms to the other.
8. Food web:- Food web is defined as interconnections among different food
chain at different trophic levels forming a network.
9. Trophic level:- Trophic level means feeding level. Each organisms of a food
chain represents a trophic level.
10. Biomass:- Biomass is defined as increase in dry weight of organic matter of
all organisms combined together at any trophic level.
Producers Decomposers
1. Producers are autotrophs. 1. Decomposers are heterotrophs.
2. Producers use the food, which is 2. Decomposers use dead bodies of
produced by them. plant and animals as their food.
3. Producers cannot bring about the 3. Decomposers bring about the
decomposition of dead bodies and decomposition of dead bodies and
waster matter. waste matter.
Autotrophs Heterotrophs
1. Self feeding plants are called 1. Plants, animals which obtain their
autotrophs. food either from autotrophs or from
2. Autotrophs are green in colour due dead and decaying organic matter are
to the presence of chlorophyll. called heterotrophs.
2. Heterotrophs are non green colour
due to the absence of chlorophyll.
Producers Consumers
1. Producers are autotrophs. 1. Consumers are heterotrophs.
2. Producers use the food, which is 2. Consumers use food produced by
produced by them. the producers.
3. All green plants of the biosphere are 3. All animals of the biosphere are
producers. consumers.
1. In which of the following food chain man get more energy? Why?
i. Maize --------- Man
ii. Maize ------ Goat ------ Man
Ans. Man gets more energy from the first food chain.
This is because, shorter the food chain, lesser is loss of energy. The
second food chain being larger, there is more loss of energy.
6. What will happen if all the number of frogs becomes less in nature?
Ans.
1. If the number of frogs becomes less the number of grasshoppers will increase
with corresponding decrease in the number of snakes.
2. This is because frogs consume grasshoppers, while snake consume frogs.
7. What will happen if all the green plants disappear from the earth?
Ans.
1. If all the green plants disappear from the earth there will be no food
preparation by the process of photosynthesis.
2. In absence of photosynthesis neither the food nor the oxygen will be available
to other living organisms.
3. In absence of good and oxygen, life will not exist on the earth.