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Adel Gastli
LINEAR MOTORS
CONTENT
Introduction Types of Linear Motors Applications
Linear Motors
INTRODUCTION
Linear Motors are old motors which date from the 1970s. Were not intensively used because of their difficult control and low performance. Advancements in Power Electronics and Microprocessors have overcome the control difficulties and have revived the use of the linear motors. Linear motors are nowadays emerging as new technologies.
Linear Motors
Linear Motors
Armature winding
Linear Motors
LSM (Contd)
For an LSM to operate properly the control system must accurately track the position of the moving element in order to properly synchronize the moving field current in the stationary frame (stator). If synchronization is lost or interrupted the motor slips and loss of propulsion can occur. This situation is likely to be encountered by an LSM when external sensors are relied upon to handle motor synchronization. If a sensor becomes dirty or mis-aligned or if fog, smoke or other airborne obstructions are present, the system will experience problems.
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Linear Motors
LIM (Contd)
Cut along xy and enroll
x Stator 3 winding Secondary y Primary Rotor Aluminum sheet (conductor)
Traveling mmf (or Flux Density) Wave
v vs
Linear Motors
F
Ni/2
/2
0
Fundamental F1
/2
-Ni/2
z
g
Fundamental H1
H
Ni/2
0 0
Ni/2g
Fundamental F1 F
F: mmf H: Field
/2
-Ni/2
/2
-Ni/2g
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kw
N ph I m 2m
dz dz d = = = 2Tp f dt d dt 2
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LIM Performance
LINEAR INDUCTION MOTOR Slip
s=
vs v vs
v s = 2 Tp f [m / sec]
Thrust
Thrust, F
vs
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Long Secondary
Short Secondary
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End Effect
LINEAR INDUCTION MOTOR
There is secondary current and secondary loss which is not associated with a corresponding amount of useful thrust. There are reactive volt-amperes drawn from the supply which cannot be accounted for either as being due to magnetization or leakage reactance. The physical nature of this phenomena is thought to be due to the continual removal of magnetic energy at the exit edge of a machine. The exit edge produces a backward thrust on the secondary which subtracts from the thrust performance in the region of a speed-thrust curve.
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Thrust, F
The LIM cannot run light at the synchronous speed vs=2pf. Generally, the running light speed is lower than vs.
Speed, v
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APPLICATIONS
Transportation (Trains) Robotics & Material Handling Elevators Compressors & Pumps Catapults and Launchers Sliding Doors Closer Cartain pullers etc...
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Transportation (Trains)
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Train Depot
Tunnel
Information cables
Feeding section switchgears Feeder Guideway Power conversion substation Dr. Adel Gastli Linear Motors Power converter 18
Feeding cable
Propulsion coils
Cross-inductive cable
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What is Superconductivity?
When certain metals are cooled below a specific temperature, their electric resistance vanishes. This phenomenon is known as "superconductivity". Once current is applied to a coil made of superconductive metal, it continues to flow permanently and without loss. This coil can generate dozens of times stronger magnetic field than that of permanent magnets. For the Maglev, a bundle of extremely fine niobium-titanium alloy (superconductive metal) wire is embedded in a copper matrix in order to improve the stability of superconductivity. This wire is cooled with liquid helium (ca-269C) to be in a superconductive state.
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Elevator Car
Elevator Hall
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Rollers
Magnet holder
Elevator car
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Ramp
A state-of-the-art linear motor system propels the ride to reach unprecedented speeds of up to 160 km/hour, making it the most technologically-advanced ride in the world. To generate these intense speeds, an incredible 2,200,000 watts (2.2 megawatts) of power, enough to power a small town, is applied for six or seven Linear Motors Dr. seconds. Adel Gastli 28
Linear Compressor
A linear compressor is a positive displacement, piston-type compressor in which the piston is driven directly by a linear motor, rather than by a rotary motor coupled to a mechanical mechanism as in a conventional reciprocating compressor.
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Pharmaceutical Automation
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