A MAJOR PROJECT SYNOPSIS ON PROPELLERS CLOCK Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree

of bachelor of technology in Electronics and Communication

Submitted to:

Submitted by: Deepanshu Arora(1506162) Indu Maan(1506130) Jeewan Malik(1506184)

INDEX Page no. 1. Introduction 2. Block diagram 3. Working 4. Circuit diagram 5. Components List 6. Applications 7. Reference 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Introduction

In this project, our aim is to use 89S52 microprocessor to control a row of LEDs to display some images and function it as a clock. In display , the lights, LEDs, or what ever makes visible dots, are not on all the time. The leds turn on and off, one after another, very rapidly. Due to the slow response of the human eye, we get the impression that the lights are on all together and we can read the display. Scanning in this clock is mechanically. A limited number of leds are placed in a row and attached to a rotating board. The leds are turned on and off at very precise times and places. This gives the impression that there are several leds making up a complete display. All we can see are the lighted dots from the leds making a readable display that seems to float. The basic principle used is the persistence of vision. As the LEDs rotate at a high speed they can be controlled with the help of a micro-controller so as to glow them in such a combination that a floating display is formed. Several sensors including infrared proximity sensors are used to detect the completion of one revolution. It can be used in place of various LCD displays when packaged in a proper way thereby leading to a cheaper way. Propeller clock was first made by Bob Blick. The main challenge is to power the rotating PCB and then to program the controller so as to achieve a great floating display.

Block Diagram

Microcontrolled LEDs

Photo diode

DC motor Power Supply Circuit

IR led

Working

If you move a bright light fast by the eyes, it will leave a line behind because the human brain and eyes are slow to interpret fast changes in light intensity, leaving an afterglow. If a row of LEDs is moved sideways while the LEDs intensity is changed, an image will shortly visualize in the air where the LEDs are moved. If this is done several times, for example if the LEDs are mounted on the end of a bar mounted on a motor as in the figure on the right, the same area in the air could be scanned several times showing the same image each time. Done at high speed it would generate a quite good virtual display hanging in air thanks to the persistence of vision effect of the brain. People has started to refer to this kind of display as POV-displays (Persistence of vision displays) as if it was the only type of displays depending on the persistence of vision effect but that is kind of ignorant as many display types use the same effect, like for example CRTs and multiplexed LED displays, thus "mechanically scanned display" is a more accurate name.

How this clock works:

A motor spins the "propeller", and a small microprocessor keeps track of time and changes the pattern on seven LEDs with exact timing to simulate an array of LEDs. It is an illusion, but it works nicely.

Circuit Diagram

Components list

COMPONENT NAME
Microcontroller 10k 1k 10uf 10k Resistance array 220ohm LEDS IR led Crystal Photo diode IC base .01uf IC 7805 9v Transformer 1n4007 Diodes 1000uf DC motor

SPECIFICATION
AT89S52 Carbon film Resistor Carbon film Resistor Electrolytic Capacitor SIP Carbon film Resistor Red Color

QUANTITY
1 2 1 1 1 9 8 1

11.095/12 Mhz

1 1

40 pin Disk capacitor(104) Regualtor

1 1 1 1 4

Electrolytic Capcitor High Speed

1 1

Applications

1. It can be used to replace various public LCD screens thereby providing a cheaper solution. 2. If a fan is also mounted along with the LEds it can also work as a fan.

References

1. www.logicbrigade.com 2. www.8051projects.net