3rd Solar Orbiter Workshop, Sorrento, Italy 25-29 May 2009

EUI instrument design and heat protection system

ABSTRACT AUTHORS
J.-P. Halain, E. Mazy, T. Thibert, E. Renotte, P. Rochus, J.-M. Defise
Centre Spatial de Lige, Av. Pr Aily B-4031 Angleur, Belgium. The EUI instrument mounted on-board SOLAR ORBITER mission is composed of a set of High Resolution Imagers (HRI) channels and a Full Sun Imager (FSI) channel. The instrument concept is based on a common optical bench supporting the channels, optimised for mechanical and thermal constraints, and a separated common electronic box. A series of EUI key elements are under development to achieve flight maturity, and in particular on the heat protection system, composed of an entrance baffle and a wavelength selection filter. Dedicated reflective baffles, to be located on the back of the spacecraft heat-shield, have been designed to reject a maximum of the incoming sunlight out of the instrument, reducing the heat load entering the HRI channels. The HRI baffle also ensures a first level of protection against straylight from the overall solar disk. To reach the required instrument performance and remains in acceptable temperature limit, the HRI entrance baffle has to provide a rejection level greater than 65%. A prototype of the HRI entrance baffle has been built and tested to validate and correlate the ray-tracing optical model, and improve the baffle design. The entrance filters, located at the end of the entrance baffles, suppress the unwanted light, visible and IR counterparts of the solar radiation. These filters are of primary importance to avoid over-heating the internal cavity of the channels and of their primary mirrors. The filters are of two types, EUV and FUV, and have to provide sufficient mechanical resistance and conductive path for heat excess, with limited impact on measurements. Various supports of the EUV entrance filters, which are the most critical, have been analysed in order to reduce the filter temperature and improve its strength. These concepts will be tested using the prototype baffle to validate the thermal models.

Sami Amghar

ESTACA, 34 rue Victor Hugo, 92300 Levallois Perret, France.

J.-F. Hochedez, E. Pylyser, D Berghmans U. Schhle

Royal Observatory of Belgium, Circular 3, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. Max-Planck-Institut fr Sonnensystemforschung, D-37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany.

F. Auchre, J.-J. Fourmond, T. Appourchaux P Coker, B. Winter, T. Kennedy, L. Harra

Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Universit Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France. Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Dorking, Surrey, RH5 6NT, UK.

EUI Heat Protection

The heat protection of the EUI HRI channels is based on reflective baffles to limit the heat load incoming the instrument. The HRIs entrance baffles are designed to reject a maximum of the incoming sunlight, i.e. more than 65%. The FSI entrance baffle is black inside, and simply absorbs the low power incoming through its small entrance pupil. The heat load absorbed in the entrance baffles is evacuated to space by thermal link towards secondary passively cooled radiator. The EUI baffles are completed by a thermal diaphragm and a front mirror, located between the spacecraft heat shield and the baffles, to reduce the heat load on the area surrounding the entrance pupils. The design of the HRI entrance baffles, which is the most challenging, is shown on Figure 3. It is based on a spherical heat rejection mirror (HRM) placed at the level of the entrance filter, at a distance of 500 mm of the 30 mm entrance pupil, and on the specular reflectivity of the entrance filter. Considering the sun limb field of view ( 72.7 arcmin) to which is added a maximum off-pointing of 1.25 arcdeg, the HRM diameter should be 73 mm diameter, but the space between the HRM edge and the light beam going from the primary mirror to the secondary mirror would then be too small. The HRM diameter has thus been reduced to 61.7 mm, with curvature radius of 500mm, and a specific reflective baffle has been added to reject the heat load out of the baffle through the entrance pupil.

EUI Instrument Overview

The EUI instrument, Figure 1, is composed of three channels: - two High Resolution Imagers (HRI), one Lyman- and one dual-EUV channels - one Full Sun Imager (FSI), a dual-EUV channel.

Figure 3 HRI entrance baffle concept

HRILy-
HRIEUV

CEB

FSI
Figure 1 EUI channels and electronic box configuration

The EUI instrument and channels parameters are listed in Table 1.

Channel Parameter Dimensions Optical bench CEB Mass (including margins) Nominal power consumption Telemetry Passband centre Field of View Angular resolution (2 px) Typical cadence Passband centre Field of View Angular resolution (2 px) Typical high cadence Passband centre Field of View Angular resolution (2 px) Typical high cadence Values 550x175x785mm 120mm x 300mm x 250mm 18.20kg 28 W 20 kb/s 174 and 304 alternatively 5.2 arcdeg 5.2 arcdeg 9 arcsec 600 s 174 and 335 alternatively (or 195 and 133 ) 1000 arc sec square 1 arcsec 2s 1216 1000 arcsec square 1 arcsec Sub-second

The HRI reflective baffles are composed of two connected elements: a cylindrical tube in front of the HRM and a conical tube linking it to the entrance pupil. The baffles also rejects the light reflected by the filter foil. Ray tracing analyses (ASAP, ESARAD) showed that the incoming sun rays are specularly reflected outside the baffle with at most three reflections, for an off-pointing angle up to 1.25 arcdeg (Figure 4). A rejection rate of 77% is computed for a zero offpointing (78.2% for an off-pointing of 1.25 arcdeg) with a 90% reflection coefficient on the HRM and 80% on the cone + cylinder. The rejection rate highly depends on the filter absorption taken in the model, and on the cone Figure 4 HRI entrance baffle ray-tracing of sun-limb light rejection and cylinder reflectivity. In order to validate the thermo-optical model of the HRI entrance baffle, a prototype has been manufactured and tested in CSL facilities (Figure 5). The prototype is composed of: a spherical HRM, made of Aluminium 5000 polished at 5nm roughness and whose centre of curvature is located in the middle of the entrance pupil location a dummy filter, 30mm diameter removable flat mirror of 5nm roughness an entrance baffle assembly (tube + cylinder) made of stainless steal. The inside of the tubes has been polished to 100nm roughness. The HRM/dummy filter and the tube/cylinder diffuse specular reflectivity have been measured to correlate the ray-tracing model with the prototype. Early tests of the baffle prototype assembly show a good correspondence with the model, Figure 6 (measurement with a 0.45 arcdeg divergence beam). Deviation at large off-pointing angles is due to measuring device beam that will be improved.
Rejection [%]

HRM

Dummy filter

Cylinder Cone

FSI dual EUV

Figure 5 HRI entrance baffle prototype

85% 75% 65% 55% 45% Test 35% 25% 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Offpoint [arcdeg] 1.2 1.4 1.6 Model

HRI dual EUV

EUI

HRI Lyman-

Table 1 EUI and its channels parameters

EUI Instrument Design

HRI channels use a two-mirror RitcheyChrtien off-axis optical system and the FSI uses a single mirror off-axis Herschelian system. The normal-incidence telescopes are in coalignment and operate independently. Their mirrors are coated with layers optimised for FUV or EUV reflectivity in each passband. The spectral selection is complemented with filters and filter wheel rejecting the visible and infrared radiation. The detectors are back-thinned Active Pixel Sensors of 2k x 2k format for HRI channels and of 4k x 4k format for the FSI, providing a spatial resolutions of 1 arcsec and 9 arcsec respectively. The temporal cadence of HRI depends on the target and can reach subsecond values.
Detector Secondary mirror

Figure 6 HRI entrance baffle prototype preliminary test results

Flux ratio on entrance filter (%)

The second critical element of the EUI heat rejection are the entrance filters, located at the end of the entrance baffles. They will be submitted to a high solar flux input (Figure 7) that needs to be evacuated to avoid filter overheating. Additionally, these filters, which are very thin for the EUV channels, will require a support structure to withstand the launch mechanical and acoustic constraints, with limited optical artefacts. Various foil filter support configurations have been analysed. Figure 8 shows the filter temperature without structure, with 70 lines per inch mesh grid, and with mesh grid + aluminium cross (Figure 9). The supporting structure (mesh and grid) will be made, in-house, with an electrolytic process.
600 550 No mech support Mesh grid Mesh grid + cross

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 Off-pointing [arcdeg] 1 1.2 1.4

Primary mirror Entrance filter

Figure 7 Ratio of solar flux (28kW/m) incoming the entrance filters

Entrance pupil

Figure 2 HRI and FSI optical design

500 450 400 Temperature [C] 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0.012

The EUI channels are mounted on a common optical bench (Figure 1) supported by a set of dedicated mounts. The common electronics box (CEB) is a separate unit. The optical bench structure is made out of a CFRP sandwich panel with an aluminium honeycomb core for stiffness and thermal stability. On each side of the optical bench a cover provides additional stiffness to the overall structure. The mounts will minimize thermal and mechanical couplings between EUI and platform, and provide sufficient stiffness to guarantee a sufficiently high first eigenfrequency. The diameter of entrance apertures of HRI and FSI channels is 30 mm and 5 mm respectively. A special heat rejection baffle for each HRI passband has been designed to limit the heat flux entering the spacecraft.

0.014

0.016

Distance from filter center [m]

Figure 8 Entrance filter temperature for various support

Figure 9 Thermal model of filter with grid and cross structure