Micro Laterolog

Mll is a pad device Mll has small vertical resolution and depth of investigation Used to determine: RXO exact thickness of formation beds

The ability to determine RXO is important for two practical reasons: 1. RXO is used as an input to tornedo charts to calculate a precise Rt 2. RXO can be used with archies equation to to calculate the saturation of the flushed zone

rt/rxo=28,

Finding rt
Calcula te rd/rxo

Using a Extrapolate tornedo to determine chartr /r and

t xo

hence rt Calculate rd/rs

Determining sxo: Sxo a Rxo = m Rmf

Archies equation, rewritten for saturation of the flushed zone, to determine moveable oil

Theory of operation The microlaterolog works in the same principle as the dual laterolog The measure and guard electrodes are contained on a pad which is forced against the borehole wall

Theory of operation
Current from a measure electrode is forced into the flushed zone by guard electrodes returning to a return electrode The current to the measure electrode is measured as is the voltage with respect to earth potential

Contains an arm with the mll pad attached A backup caliper arm

caliper

Mll pad

Current flows from the measure and guard electrodes on the pad to a return electrode beneath caliper Mll pad Return electrode

Finally, the mll is run with a bridle The bridle electrode for the mll is considered to be at earth potential and is used as the voltage ref Mll pad Return electrode

Cond #8 voltage ref

caliper

Lets look at the mll pad: Contains nine electrode buttons The central electrode is the measure electrode The eight other electrodes are the guard electrodes

Lets look at the mll pad:

The guard electrodes are all joined together electrically

Looking from the side: A 480 hz voltage generator applies voltage to the measure and guard electrodes

480 Hz

Remote electrode

Looking from the side: At the same time a bucker increases the voltage to maintain a constant voltage on the electrodes Current flows from the measure and 480 Hz guard electrodes to the remote electrode

Looking from the side: The voltage is kept constant with respect to earth I potential - bridle R electrode cond.#8 Finally the current is measured by dropping the voltage over a small resistor

480 Hz

Cond #8

Current paths: I
R

50 % voltage drop

480 Hz

Cond #8

Vertical resolution depth of investigation

= =

1.15 0.75

Deviated hole kit:

An unmodified mll has the pad arm and the caliper backup arm linked together so they move together

Deviated hole kit:

An unmodified mll has the pad arm and the caliper backup arm linked together so they move together

Deviated hole kit:

An unmodified mll has the pad arm and the caliper backup arm linked together so they move together

Deviated hole kit:

In principle this works fine in a straight hole But what happens in a deviated hole?

Deviated hole kit:

The weight of the tool string compresses the mll pad arm Because the pad arm and caliper arm are linked, the caliper also

Bad caliper reading! Bad pad contact

Deviated hole kit:

The work around is to remove the linkage of the caliper backup arm and fix the arm flat on the tool body

Deviated hole kit:

The work around is to remove the linkage of the caliper backup arm and fix the arm flat on the tool body

Deviated hole kit:

Now when the tool sits on the low side of the hole, the mll pad arm is free to open fully The caliper reading comes from the mll pad arm

good caliper reading! Good pad contac