Jesus of Nazareth also called Jesus Christ or Christ is the central figure in Christianity and is also regard as an important

t prophet of God in Islam. He was miraculously born to Virgin Mary. Jesus taught people

in small groups or large gatherings; his lessons are reported in friendly conversations or in arguments with those who challenged him. Jesus was crucified on a cross and on a Sunday (now known as Easter) Jesus rose from the dead and met his disciples. St. Paul is the Apostle of the Gentiles. He is considered as the most influential early Christian missionary. Acording to the New Testament, Varna: any one of the four traditional social classes of India. Although the literal meaning of the word
varna (Sanskrit: colour) once invited speculation that class distinctions were originally based on differences in degree of skin pigmentation between an alleged group of lighter-skinned invaders called Aryans and the darker indigenous people of ancient India, this theory has been discredited since the mid-20th century. The notion of colour was most likely a device of classification.

Caste- The Hindu conception of the social order is that people are different, and different people will fit
well into different aspects of society. Social order or social class according to varna forms the framework of moral duties according to personal characteristics of individuals (not necessarily birth). Scholar-Gentry Class - In ancient China, during the Han dynasty, there were educated degree-holders (such as xiucai, juren, or jinshi) and who would enjoy special privileges of dress, law and social position. As no more than 5% of them could become officials, the majority of the scholar-gentry stayed in local villages or cities as social leaders. The scholar-gentry carried out social welfare measures, taught in private schools, helped decide minor legal disputes, supervised community projects, maintained local law and order, conducted Confucian ceremonies, assisted in the government's collection of taxes, and preached Confucian moral teachings.

Bantu: Bantu is used as a general label for 300-600 ethnic groups in Africa who speak Bantu languages, distributed from Cameroon east across Central Africa and Eastern Africa to Southern Africa. There are about 250 Bantu languages by the criterion of mutual intelligibility,[1] though the distinction between language and dialect is often unclear. The Bantu language with the largest total number of speakers is Swahili. Swahili: Swahili is a Bantu language that serves as a second language to various groups traditionally inhabiting parts of the East African coast. Some Swahili vocabulary is derived from Arabic through more than twelve centuries of contact with Arabic-speaking inhabitants of the coast of southeastern Africa. It has also incorporated Persian, German, Portuguese, English and French words into its vocabulary through contact during the last five centuries. Swahili has become a second language spoken by tens of millions in three countries, Tanzania, Kenya, and Congo (DRC), where it is an official or national language. Silkroad: refers to a historical network of interlinking trade routes across the Afro-Eurasian landmass that connected East, South, and Western Asia with the Mediterranean and European world, as well as parts of North and East Africa. The silk road get its name from Chinese silk

trade along it. The silk road began during the Han dynasty. Through the silk road, goods were traded such as silk, spices and cotton. Indian Ocean Trade Route: has gained an important role in history, and has been a key factor in EastWest exchanges. this sea based route could carry more products to their customers and increase the profit per trip increasing countries economies. This trade route extended from East Asia through India to the east coast of Africa. Some examples of culture that was exchanged are Islam and Buddhism. Many new technologies were invented to assist in Indian Ocean Trade. Some of these were magnetic compasses, the dhow boat, and lateen sails. Trans Saharan Slave trade:trade routes between north and south Africa. large numbers of Africans were sent north, generally to serve as domestic servants or slave concubines.[18] The West African states imported highly trained slave soldiers. It has been estimated that from the 10th to the 19th century some 6,000 to 7,000 slaves were transported north each year.[19] Perhaps as many as nine million slaves were exported along the trans-Saharan caravan route.Ships were used to transport all African captives Tribute system: The tribute system is a system in which defeated people were forced to pay a tax in the form of goods and labor. This forced transfer of food, cloth, and other goods subsidized and development of large cities. In China, one parties often gives another parties wealth as a sign of submission and allegiance Xiongnu: is the Huns tribe, the Chinese called the Huns Xiongnu . It is a branch of Mongolian race. The basis of the Xiongnus' economy was herding, mostly pastoral nomads who lived in felt-cobbled tents, using bow and arrow from horseback. The horse played a leading role in the herder's migration, hunting and war. In special ceremonies they sacrificed white horses and drank the blood Trung sisters: The Trung sisters were born in Vietnam. Trung trac is older than Trung Nhi. From the small age, they witnessed the brutal treatment of Vietnamese people by the Chinese. Thi sach was Trung Tracs husband, he was killed by the Chinese for being rebellious. Angry at her husbands death and the harsh treatment of the Chinese, the Trung sisters rose to rebel. They rode on elephants back and lead a Vietnamese army to fight the Chinese. The trung sisters were defeated by the Chinese, and they committed suicide to protect their honor. Bushido: bushido is The traditional code of the Japanese samurai, stressing honor, selfdiscipline, bravery, and simple living. The Japanese samurai use bushido as their way of warrior. Japanese celebration of the samurai is different from the Chinse. The Chinese stress education and intellectual achiemvents while the samurai stresses the importance of bear arms and honors. Byzantine empire : The city of Constantinople lay at the heart of a powerful empire known as Byzantium. In A.D. 395 Rome split into two separate empires, in order to make it easier to rule its massive territory. The western empire kept the name of Rome, while the eastern empire took the name of Byzantium. Rome had fallen into decline, and was soon conquered. The Byzantine Empire on the other hand would endure for another 1,000 years. From A.D. 500 to A.D. 1200 the Byzantines would be the wealthiest nation in Europe and western Asia. Their standard of living

would be higher than that of other nations in Europe, and they would lead much of the world in art, science, and building. Constantinople Tucked between the black sea and the Aegean sea, there was this piece of land. This peninsula was a popular trading route for merchants because it could be acess by sea and as well as by land. Recognize the benefit of this pice of land, emperor Constantine built a city here and named it Constantinople after himself. The city became the wealthiest city in the Roman empire. It is the campital of eastern roman empire. Greek orthodox: believe that God exists. He is in 3 supreme forms: Father, Son (Jesus) and Holy Spirit. Orthodox Christians believe in the doctrines taught in the Nicene Creed
Daoism- invited people to withdraw from the world of political and social activism and to align themselves with the way of nature. It meant simplicity in living, small self-sufficient communities, limited government and abandonment of education. Despite sharp differences with Confucianism, Chinse saw Daoism as complementing rather than contradicting Confucian values. Iconoclasm: The belief that there should not be religious pictures, generally seeing them as a form of idolatry. The term literally means icon-breaking. The byzantine emperors took the offensive against the use of icons in worships arguing that they are too easitly became idols, distracting people from the adoration of God himself. People who engage in or support iconoclasm are called "iconoclasts"

Charlemagne was one of Europe's most successful monarchs. He was king of the Franks in 768 CE. One of the most important things Charlemagne did for his people was to introduce a jury system trial by jury. Charlemagne turns his caslte into a place of learning. He invited shoclars from all over the world to live at his castle. These scholars preserve leaerning during the dark ages.
Charlemagne:

Vladimir of Keive is the prince of Keive and creadited as the person most responsible for
the Christianization of Russia. In 987, however, he converted to Christianity as a condition of a marriage alliance with Anna, the daughter of the Byzantine Emperor Basil II. The Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches celebrate the feast day of St. Vladimir on July 15. Quran is the holy book of islam. The quran is composed of verses which make up 114 chapters. The muslims considered the quran as the word of god. It lays down for them the law and commandments, codes for their social and moral behaviour, and contains a comprehensive religious philosophy.. The quran proved a mix of rights restrictions and protections for women. The earlier arab practices forbidden women to own properties, marriage was considered contract between parties. Sunni islam The largest denomination of Islam is the Sunni (Sunnah) interpretation, which is based on the belief that the Prophet Muhammad died without appointing a successor to lead the Muslim community (ummah). According to Sunni Muslims, after Muhammad's death, the confusion that ensued

from not having a person to head the community led to the election of Abu Bakr, the Prophet's close friend and father-in-law, as the first Caliph. Shi'a Muslim belief that Muhammad himself appointed his first successor to be as the first Caliph and the first Muslim imam. Although there are differences between sunni islam and shia islams, the two secs of islam have many beliefs in common. All muslims belived prophet Muhammad was the messenger of allah. And all muslims are expected to live according to 5 pillars of islam.

Chiggis khan: Mongolian warrior-ruler, one of the most famous conquerors of history, who consolidated tribes into a unified Mongolia and then extended his empire across Asia to the Adriatic Sea.Genghis Khan was a warrior and ruler of genius who, starting from obscure and insignificant beginnings, brought all the nomadic tribes of Mongolia under the rule of himself and his family in a rigidly disciplined military state. Marco Polo: Marco Polo (1254-1324), is probably the most famous Westerner traveled on the Silk Road. He excelled all the other travelers in his determination, his writing, and his influence. His journey through Asia lasted 24 years. He reached further than any of his predecessors, beyond Mongolia to China. He became a confidant of Kublai Khan (1214-1294). He traveled the whole of China and returned to tell the tale, which became the greatest travelogue.