5/10/2012

DRIVER OF CHANGE IN AGROFORESTRY LANDSCAPE

Prof. Dr. HADI SUSILO ARIFIN

Development Science I:

QUIZ
Whats the different between Segregated Landscape and Integrated Landscape? Please explain regarding the driving factors in Agroforestry Landscape.

Graduate School of International Development and Cooperation Hiroshima University Japan Spring 2012
Material Source: AFLA Modul (Arifin HS, Wulandari C, Pramukanto and Kaswanto RL, 2008); Arifin HS, Wulandari C, Pramukanto and Kaswanto RL, 2010. Analisis Lanskap Agroforestri. IPB Press. Bogor. 199p

IDENTIFYING AND UNDERSTANDING THE DRIVER

This involves the understanding of how biophysics, social, economy, culture and policies problems of change in agroforestry landscape vary and how they interact with poverty, policy and other drivers. Identification must therefore analyze not only biophysical problems but also the underlying social, economy, culture and policy that shape agroforestry landscape.

IDENTIFYING THE DRIVER

Agroforestry Types: Tembawang (Mixed gardens) Pekarangan (Home Gardens) Kebun Tanaman/Perkebunan (Plantations) Ladang (Dry Lands) Hutan (Forest)

IDENTIFYING THE DRIVER

Agroforestry Products: Plant: Wood Food (fruit, cereal, vegetable, starches, sugar, coffee, cocoa, tuber, root) NTP (Non Timber Product): honey, resin, bark, rubber, white silkcotton) Others (handicraft, etc.)

IDENTIFYING THE DRIVER

Agroforestry Products: Animal: Poultry Cattle Fisheries

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IDENTIFYING THE DRIVER

IDENTIFYING THE DRIVER

The Driver: Biophysic Social, Economic & Culture Policies

Force and Processes: Segregate Integrate

deforestation natural forest

UNDERSTANDING THE DRIVER

The Changes:

integrated, multifunctional Tree planlandscape: crops, trees, tations meadows and forest patches intensive agriculture loss of forest functions

Agroforestation Re- and Afforestation Deforestation Forest Modification

Segregate
Current legal, institutional Current reality & educational paradigm

Integrate functions

Open field agriculture

UNDERSTANDING THE DRIVER

Farm forestry, agroforests

Less trees More Less Fields,fallow, patchy: patchy: Tree cover: forest mosaic SegreInte- Deforestation , gate grateIntegrate Reforestation
Segregate

Configuration Fields, Forests & Parks Farm Forestry, Agroforestry Open Field Agriculture Field, Forest, and Park Forest (100%)

More trees

100% forest

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UNDERSTANDING THE DRIVER

DRIVER: BIOPHYSICS
The driver of Agroforestry changes due to biophysical factors, are: 1. Land suitability for dipterocarp and rubber Most people planted rubber and some willing to plant dipterocarp the area should be developed to mix forest rubber and dipterocarp.

Dynamic Pattern Direction

DRIVER: BIOPHYSICS

DRIVER: BIOPHYSICS
4. Land suitability for important commodity, such as for sago for food productiona and fish production to support best local food. The promotion to eat or use more local food from the government become very important to reduce more food from outside to maintenance the capability of local people to supply their own need and to reduce their dependence on transport from outside.

2.

Increasing demand of wood for traditional houses need, some carving work and boat construction etc. Planting of fruit trees in term of land protection

3.

DRIVER:SOCIAL, ECONOMID & CULTURE

Driving force behind the increases in demand for agroforestry products is combination of: Population growth Rising income Market (opportunity to sell) Accessibility

DRIVER:SOCIAL, ECONOMID & CULTURE

Livelihood patterns in Mendalam are: Shifting cultivation Animal farming Hunting (both in forest and river) Rubber tree tapping and Performing trading activities (only a small part)

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DRIVER:SOCIAL, ECONOMID & CULTURE

Accessibility Access River Watershed Zone Upper to down Stream (district of Putussibau) by speedboat Watershed Zone Down stream area, such as from Tj. Karang and Semangkok to district of Putussibau by motorcycles

Road

DRIVER: POLICIES
The driver of Agroforestry changes due to Policies factor, are: 1. Incentive to develop water transportation as trade off of the community to plant of fruit trees for land protection along the riverside. Developing better facilities of transportation in this area make efficient and also cheaper . 2. The regulation and water transportation could make more profit to the farmer and government and more landscape agroforestry could be maintenance.

DRIVER: POLICIES
3. Since the study site area are included by conservation border (Betung Kerihun National Park), protected forest, and productive forest. Potential driver factors is, if the government make the regulation and incentive to promote the agroforestry system in this area such as rubber mixed with dipterocarp by seedlings supply. This can be developed by recent activities and programs such as Gerhan (Gerakan Rehabilitasi Lahan Nasional) program, or development of carbon market/ trade mechanism etc.

DRIVER: POLICIES
4. Utilization of forest products (timber and nontimber) must be based on the advanced regulation i.e. PP No.6/2007: The regulation mentioned that forest utilization of conservation forest, protected forest and produced forest area must be based on six activities those are classified as environment service from conservation, protected and produced forests, are: a. water current service b. water utilization c. nature tourism d. preservation of biological varieties e. and preservation of environment f. absorption and storing of carbon of Carbon market/ trade mechanism etc.

DRIVER: POLICIES

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See You Next Week

Hadi Susilo Arifin
Mobile: +81-80-4735-4859 E-mail/YM/FB/Skype: dedhsa@yahoo.com Blog www.hsarifin.staff.ipb.ac.id