KALAIGNAR KARUNANIDHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KANNAMPALAYAM, COIMBATORE-641 402.

Power Plant Engineering (Use standard Steam Table for Solve the Given Problems)

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Department: Electrical and Electronics Engineering Prepared By: JOHN PAUL.V, Asst Prof, KIT, Mechanical Engineering. Year/Sem: II year/IV Sem Text Book : Power Plant Engineering Author: Arora DomKundwar Publishers:Dhanpat rai & Co(P) Ltd

UNIT-1 Thermal Power Plant 2 Mark Questions

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Define thermal power plant. What are the Four circuit uesd in steam power plant? Define Codenser and reheater. Define deareators and preheater. What is the functions of cooling tower and prime mover? Define Fluidized bed combustion with neat sketch. What is the functions of cooling tower? Define Enthalpy and Entropy. List out the functions of feed pump? What are the different types of thermodynamic cycle used in steam power plant? Draw the PV and TS diagram for Rankine cycle. What is the purpose of regenerative cycle. Define dryness fraction of steam. Define forced draft and induced draft.

4, 8 &16 Mark Questions

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Draw the Lay out of Steam power plant and mentions the four types of thermal power plant. What are the impartant factor to be consider to slection of Thermal power plant Define coal transfer. List out the various coal tansfer system used in thermal power plant. . Briefly explain any two types of coal transfer system with neat sketch Define pulverized coal burners. List out the various types of pulverized coal burners. Briefly explain any four types of pulverized coal burners with neat sketch. Define cooling tower.list out the various types of cooling towers.Brefly explain two types of wet type cand Dry type cooling tower. What is the functions of condenser.list out the various types of condenser.Brefly explain Surface codenser. Define deareators. Brefly explain tray type deareator with neat sketch. Briefly explain any four types of Fluidized bed combustion?

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Briefly explain low pressure boiler with neat sketch? Briefly explain high pressure boiler with neat sketch? Explain with neat sketch the principle of a commercial FBC system. Draw a neat line diagram of Benson boiler and discuss its relative merits and demerits. With a neat sketch explain the working principle of Loeffler boiler. What are the advantages of high pressure boilers? Briefly explain with neat sketch of forced draft and induced draft. Explain with neat sketch of Power plant cycle 1. Rankine Cycle 2. Reheat cycle 3. Regenerative Cycle 4. Reheat and Regenerative Cycle

Problems
1 2 Dry saturated steam is supplied to a steam turbine at 12bar and after the expansion its condenser pressure is 1bar. Find the ranking cycle efficiency. Steam at 10bar and 0.95 dry is available. Find the final dryness fraction of steam for each of the followingoperations using steam table: (i) 160 kJ of heat is removed per kg of steam at constant pressure. (ii) It is cooled at constant volume till its temperature falls to 1400C (iii) Steam expands isentropically in the steam turbine developing 200KJ of work per kg of steam flow and pressure becomes 0.5bar.

UNIT II HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS 2 Mark Questions

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 What is the purpose of surge tank in a hydroelectric power plant? What are the three main factors for power output of hydroelectric plant? Give an example for a low head turbine, a medium head turbine and a high head turbine. What are impulse and reaction turbines? Give example Differentiate the impulse and reaction turbine. Define unit speed of turbine. What do you understand by water hammer? What is the significance of specific speed of hydraulic turbines? What is the function of surge tank in a hydro electric power plant? What is a draft tube? In which type turbine it is mostly used? How do you classify the hydro-power plants? What is the function of spear & nozzle?

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Discuss the essential factor which should be considered while selecting a site for a hydro electric power plant Classify different types of turbine. Explain the terms catchment area, rain fall and run off. Define draft. Define water hammer. Define penstock.

4, 8 &16 Mark Questions

1 2 3 Explain the construction and working of Hydel power plant with a layout. What are the various factors to be considered in selecting the site for a hydro Electric power plant and success about primary and secondary investigations. Define pumped storage power plant. List out types of pumped storage power plant. Explain the following types of pumped storage power plant. 1. Over ground high head. 2. Underground high head. Describe the classification of turbines. Briefly explain types of impulse turbine with neat sketch. Briefly explain types of reaction turbine with neat sketch . Explain the various factors to be consider in the selection of a hydraulic Turbine. Differentiate Francis turbine between Kaplan turbines. What the components of the pelton wheel turbine and describe briefly. What the components of the Francis turbine and describe briefly. What the components of the Kaplan turbine and describe briefly.

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UNIT III NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS 2 Mark Questions

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 How the nuclear reactors are classified? what are the conditions satisfied to sustain nuclear fission process? What is nuclear fission? What is nuclear fusion? Give the requirements of chain reaction. What is half life of nuclear fuels? What do you understand by moderation? Explain the function of the moderator. What are the functions of control rods? What are the desired properties required for good moderator? Define the term Breeding. What factors control the selection of a particular type of a reactor? What are the components pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant? What are the components of supercritical water reactor nuclear power plant?

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List down the nuclear waste disposal methods. State the advantages of fast breeder reactors.

4, 8 &16 Mark Questions

1 2 Explain the construction and working of Nuclear power plant with a layout. (a) What is a chain reaction? How it is controlled. (b) Describe the fast breeder reactor. I What is function of shield? What are the different types of shields With a neat sketch explain the Pressurised water reactor (PWR) power plant. With a neat sketch explain the Boiling water reactor (BWR) power plant. Explain the working of a typical fast breeder nuclear (FBR) reactor power plant, with the help of a neat diagram. Explain the construction & working of super critical water reactor(SCWR). Explain the construction & working of CANDU. Explain the construction & working of sodium Cooled reactor(SCR). (a) What do you understand by thermal shielding? (b) What are the functions of a reflector? I Explain the working and characteristic features of a homogeneous reactor. What are the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power plant? (a) What are the advantages and disadvantages of breeder reactor? (5) (b) What do you mean by fission of nuclear fuel? (5) I Explain briefly about radiation hazards and shielding?

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UNIT IV GAS AND DIESEL POWER PLANTS 2 Mark Questions

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 What are the main units in a gas turbine power plant? How the gas turbine blades are cooled? Mention the various processes of the brayton cycle. Define mean effective pressure as applied to gas power cycles. How it is related to indicate power of an I.C. engine? Draw the p-V and T-s diagram of Brayton cycle. Sketch the schematic arrangement of open cycle gas turbine plant and name the Components. Discuss the effect of inter cooling in a gas turbine plant. What is the principle of operation of simple jet propulsion system? Why is the maximum cycle temperature of gas turbine plant much lower than that of diesel power plant? List out the inherent advantages of the combined power cycle. Sketch the schematic arrangement of open cycle gas turbine plant & name the components State any two major advantages of gas turbine power plant. What are the effects of introducing regeneration in the basic gas turbine cycle? Discuss the effect of inter cooling in a gas turbine plant? What are the commonly used fuel injection systems in a diesel power station? What are all the application of diesel power plant ?

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What are the essential components of a diesel power plant?

4, 8 &16 Mark Questions

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Explain the construction and working of Gas turbine power plant with a layout. With a neat sketch explain the working of a simple constant pressure gas turbine. Mention its advantages and disadvantages. With help of a block diagram explain the main components of a open cycle gas turbine power plant. Give the advantages and disadvantages of open cycle gas turbine power plant With help of a block diagram explain the main components of a closed cycle gas turbine power plant. Give the advantages and disadvantages of closed cycle gas turbine power plant With P-V & T-S diagram explain the effect of intercooling, reheating & regeneration in a gas turbine plant. Draw a neat diagram of a regenerative gas turbine power plant having intercooling & reheater, also explain its working with the help of a p-v diagram. Methods to improve the thermal efficiency of gas turbine power plant in open cycle gas turbine with constant pressure. 1. Inter cooling 2. Reheating 3. Regenerative Gas turbine power plant with of inter cooling, reheating & regeneration

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Problems
1 In a gas turbine unit air is drawn at 1.02bar & 18c & is compressed to 6.2 bar. Calculate the thermal efficiency & the work ratio of the ideal constant pressure cycle, when the maximum cycle temperature is limited to 900c A simple open cycle gas turbine plant works between the pressures of 1 bar and 6bar and temperatures of 300 K and 1023 K. The calorific value of the fuel used is 42MJ/kg. Find : 1. air fuel ratio Thermal efficiency of the plant if the mechanical and generating efficiencies are 95%and 97% respectively. Assume air flow = 20 kg/s and compression and expansion are isentropic. An ideal bray ton cycle operating with a pressure ratio of 8.25 & the initial pressure & temperature of 1 bar & 32c respectively. The turbine & compressor efficiencies are 80% & 85% respectively. Find the compressor and turbine work per Kg of air, heat supplied & the cycle efficiency.

Diesel power plant

1 2 Explain the construction and working of Diesel power plant with a layout List the advantages of diesel power plant s over other thermal power plants.

Describe the following systems in brief with respect Diesel Power Plant. 1. Fuel storage and supply system 2. Exhaust system 3. Lubrication system 4. Fuel Injection system 5. Cooling system 1. Mention the advantages and disadvantages of a diesel power plant over a gas Turbine power plant. 2. Give a maintenance schedule for Diesel engine power plant. 1. Explain with the help of a block diagram the fuel storage and supply system of diesel power plant. 2. Explain with the help of a block diagram the water cooling system of diesel power plant.

UNIT IV - NON-CONVENTIONAL POWER GENERATION 2 Mark Questions

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 What are the components of tidal power plants? And its types What is the principle of OTEC? List out four important factors to be considered for selection of site for power plants. What are the limitations of OTEC system? What is the classification of tidal power plants? What is geothermal energy? Define tidal energy. What are the different geothermal fluids? What is meant by reversible fuel cell? What are the basic arrangements proposed for converting solar radiation into electrical energy? What are the characteristics of solar central receiver system? List out types of solar collectors. Define Heliostat mirror in solar power plant.

4, 8 &16 Mark Questions

1 Draw the layout of a MHD (MAGNETO HYDRO DYNAMIC) open cycle generator & explain it's functions of components. Draw and explain the following types of MHD 1. Open cycle MHD(combine with steam) 2. Closed cycle MHD (combine with steam) 3. Closed cycle MHD with liquid Explain the working principle of geothermal conversion system with neat sketch. Draw and explain the following types of geothermal power plant. 1. Vapor dominated or Dry steam field 2. Liquid dominated or wed steam field 3. Hot water field or binary system Discuss the principle of operation of fuel cell with a neat sketch.

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Describe the working of polymer electrolyte fuel cell with a neat sketch. What are the different types of ocean thermal energy conversion system? Explain the working principle of OTEC with it's advantages & dis-advantages. Draw and explain the following types of OTEC 1. Open cycle OTEC 2. Closed Cycle OTEC 1. Define wind power. 2. Draw and explain horizontal type wind mill. 3. Draw and explain types vertical type wind mill. Direct energy conversion type 1. Thermo electric steam power plant 2. Thermionic power plant Draw and explain Types of Solar collectors. Briefly explain the solar central receiver system Briefly explain the following tidal power plant. 1. Single Basin I. High tide II. Low tide 2. Double basin

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Rough Work