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=
o
(3)
pc c
c
c G
q
dT
=
o
(4)
Subtracting Eq. 4 from Eq. 3, it may shown that
pc c ph h
c h
c G
q
c G
q
dT dT
=
o o
(5)
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=
pc c ph h
c h
c G c G
q T T d
1 1
) ( o (6)
Also, it can be written that
) (
c h
T T dA U q = o (7)
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=
pc c ph h
c h c h
c G c G
T T dA U T T d
1 1
) ( ) ( (8)
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pc c ph h c h
c h
c G c G
dA U
T T
T T d 1 1 ) (
(9)
3
Integrating between limits inlet and exit of the heat exchanger length, it may be shown
that
} }
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out
in
pc c ph h
out
in
c h
c h
c G c G
dA U
T T
T T d 1 1 ) (
(10)
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pc c ph h in c in h
out c out h
c G c G
A U
T T
T T
1 1
ln
, ,
, ,
(11)
But
) (
, , out h in h ph h
T T c G q = which gives
out h in h
ph h
T T
q
c G
, ,
= (12)
) (
, , in c out c pc c
T T c G q = which gives
in c out c
pc c
T T
q
c G
, ,
= (13)
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in c out c out h in h
in c in h
out c out h
T T
q
T T
q
A U
T T
T T
, , , ,
, ,
, ,
1 1
ln (14)
( )
in c out c out h in h
in c in h
out c out h
T T T T
q
A U
T T
T T
, , , ,
, ,
, ,
ln +
(15)
( )
in c in h
out c out h
out c out h in c in h
T T
T T
T T T T
A U q
, ,
, ,
, , , ,
ln
( )
= (16)
( )
in c in h
out c out h
out c out h in c in h
T T
T T
T T T T
A U q
, ,
, ,
, , , ,
ln
( )
= (17)
( )
2
1
2 1
, ,
, ,
, , , ,
ln
ln
( )
T
T
T T
A U
T T
T T
T T T T
A U q
out c out h
in c in h
out c out h in c in h
A
A
A A
=
= (18)
in c in h
T T T
, , 1
= A (19)
4
out c out h
T T T
, , 2
= A (20)
) / ln(
2 1
2 1
T T
T T
T
lm
A A
A A
= A (21)
Generally, we can write
1 1 1 c h
T T T = A (22)
2 2 2 c h
T T T = A (23)
Nomenclature
A heat transfer area of the exchanger, m
2
c
G mass flowrate of cold fluid, kgs
1
h
G mass flowrate of hot fluid, kgs
1
pc
c
cold fluid specific heat capacity, Jkg
1
K
1
pc
c
cold fluid specific heat capacity, Jkg
1
K
1
q rate of heat transfer, W
T temperature of fluid, K
U overall heat transfer coefficient, Wm
2
K
1
in h
T
,
temperature of the hot fluid entering into the exchanger, K
in c
T
,
temperature of the cold fluid entering into the exchanger, K
out h
T
,
temperature of the hot fluid leaving the exchanger, K
out c
T
,
temperature of the cold fluid leaving the exchanger, K
lm
T A logarithmic mean temperature difference, K
1
T A temperature difference on the hot fluid side, K
2
T A temperature difference on the cold fluid side, K
Interested reader can derive the same expression for countercurrent
flow. It may possibly be an examination question.