2059 - s11 - QP - 02mpaper Level

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS
General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level
* 4 3 6 3 9 1 5 2 9 1 *
2059/02
PAKISTAN STUDIES
Paper 2 The Environment of Pakistan
May/June 2011
1 hour 30 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.

No Additional Materials are required.
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE ON ANY BARCODES
Answer any three questions.
Sketch maps and diagrams may be drawn wherever they serve to illustrate an answer.
The Insert contains Photograph A for Question 1, Photograph B for Question 3 and Photograph C for
Question 4.
The Insert is not required by the Examiner.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
This document consists of 21 printed pages, 3 blank pages and 1 Insert.

DC (LEO/CGW) 32355/3
UCLES 2010
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2
1
(a) Study Photograph A (Insert), a Persian Wheel.

(i)
With reference to the photograph, explain how this machine is used for water supply.
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(ii)
What are the advantages and disadvantages of replacing this Persian Wheel with a
tubewell?
Advantages .......................................................................................................................
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Disadvantages ...................................................................................................................
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(b) Study Fig. 1, which shows canal water supply in Pakistan.
million acre
feet 120
110
100
90
80
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
60
1998
70
year
Fig. 1
(i)
In which year was the water supply highest?

.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii)
How much higher was this than the supply in 2002?

............................................................................................................ million acre feet [1]
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4
(c) Why is there not enough water supply from canals to meet the needs of all users?
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(d) Explain why waterlogging and salinity of soils causes problems to farmers.
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(e) Water pollution is a major problem in urban areas.
With reference to examples, explain some of the causes of this pollution, and why it is a major
problem to the people who rely on this water supply.
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[Total: 25]
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MAIZE
(a)
(i)
PULSES
MILLET
OILSEEDS
TOBACCO
Name two crops on the list that are used mainly for animal feed.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
2 ....................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii)
Name one crop on the list that is not a food crop.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(iii)
Name one crop that is rich in protein.

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(iv)
Name one type of oil seed.

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(b) (i)
What is meant by a barani crop?

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(ii)
Name one area of Pakistan where most wheat is grown by the barani method.
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(iii)
Study Fig. 2, which shows the months when wheat is grown by the barani method.
30
Temperature
20
C
10
Rainfall
110
100
90
80
70
60
mms
50
40
30
20
10
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Key
wheat growth
Fig. 2
How much rain fell in the wettest month?

............................................................................................................................. mms [1]
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(iv)
Describe the barani method of wheat cultivation with reference to the temperatures and
rainfall shown on Fig. 2.
Temperatures ....................................................................................................................
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Rainfall ..............................................................................................................................
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(c) (i)
Explain why crop yields may be low when subsistence farming methods are used.
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(ii)
To what extent can training and land reform be successful in increasing agricultural
production?
Training ..............................................................................................................................
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Land reform .......................................................................................................................
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[Total: 25]
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10
3
(a) (i)
Name the two main raw materials quarried in Pakistan that are used to make cement.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
2 ....................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii)
Name three other inputs used by a cement factory.

1 ........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................
3 ....................................................................................................................................[3]
QUARRYING
CRUSHING
PACKING
DRIVER
SALESMAN
OFFICE WORKER
(b)
(i)
From the list above, state one example of:

A
Primary employment
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B
Secondary employment
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C Tertiary employment
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(ii)
Explain why a salesman should have a good education.

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(c) Study Photograph B (Insert), of Karachi.

(i)
State three uses of concrete shown on the photograph.

1 ........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................
3 ....................................................................................................................................[3]
(ii)
Using your answer to (c)(i), explain the importance of concrete to the development of
Karachi.
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(iii)
What are the advantages and disadvantages of building large industrial developments,
such as cement works, close to major cities?
Advantages .......................................................................................................................
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Disadvantages....................................................................................................................
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[Total: 25]
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4
(a) Study Fig. 3, which shows the levels of literacy in urban and rural areas.
Urban
Rural
90%
90%
10%
10%
80%
20%
80%
20%
70%
30%
70%
30%
60%
60%
40%
50%
50%
Key
illiterate
40%
literate
Fig. 3
(i)
State the percentage of literate people in urban areas.

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(ii)
How much greater is this than the percentage of literate people in rural areas?
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(iii)
Give two reasons why the percentage of literate people is larger in urban than in rural
areas.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
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2 ........................................................................................................................................
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(iv)
Using examples, explain why there are many jobs for illiterate and poorly educated
people in urban areas.
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(b) Study Photograph C (Insert).

With reference to the photograph and using your own knowledge, explain why many people
become ill in homes like these.
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(c) Why do people in villages think that their quality of life will improve if they move to a city?
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(d) The government can introduce self-help schemes to improve the living conditions of people in
shanty developments and tent cities.
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of self-help schemes.
Advantages ...............................................................................................................................
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Disadvantages ...........................................................................................................................
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[Total: 25]
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5
(a) Describe the route of the main monsoon across Pakistan.

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18
(b) Study Fig. 4, which shows the rainfall of Peshawar and Lahore.
200
Peshawar
150
rainfall
mm 100
50
250
Lahore
200
150
rainfall
mm
100
50
Fig. 4
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(i)
Using figures from Fig. 4 in your answer, compare the distribution of rainfall from June to
September at Lahore and Peshawar.
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(ii)
Explain why there are differences in amounts of rainfall caused by the monsoon in
different areas of Pakistan.
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20
(c) Study Figs 5A and 5B, which show rainfall distribution in Pakistan.
December to March
April to June
Arabian
sea
Rainfall
Rainfall
mm
500
250
125
50
25
mm
200
150
100
50
25
Arabian
sea
Key
disputed international boundary

Fig. 5A
(i)
Fig. 5B
What is the main cause of rainfall from:

A December to March?
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B April to June?
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(ii)
Name one area which receives high rainfall in both seasons A and B.
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(iii)
Which area receives the highest rainfall from December to March?

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(iv)
What are the advantages and disadvantages of winter rainfall in Northern Pakistan?
Advantages .......................................................................................................................
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Disadvantages ...................................................................................................................
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(d) Explain the importance of the arrival of the monsoon to people who live and work in urban
areas.
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[Total: 25]
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BLANK PAGE
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BLANK PAGE
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BLANK PAGE
Copyright Acknowledgements:
Question 1 Photograph A
Question 3 Photograph B
Question 4 Figure 2
Question 4 Photograph C
Estate of Roland Strutt (c) UCLES.

Wikipedia
Data; Federal Bureau of Statistics, Pakistan.
www.outdoors.webshots.com.
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has
been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make
amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
UCLES 2011
2059/02/M/J/11

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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level

Candidates answer on the Question Paper.

This document consists of 21 printed pages, 3 blank pages and 1 Insert.

(a) Study Photograph A (Insert), a Persian Wheel.

In which year was the water supply highest?

How much higher was this than the supply in 2002?

Name one crop on the list that is not a food crop.

Name one crop that is rich in protein.

Name one type of oil seed.

What is meant by a barani crop?

How much rain fell in the wettest month?

Name three other inputs used by a cement factory.

From the list above, state one example of:

Explain why a salesman should have a good education.

(c) Study Photograph B (Insert), of Karachi.

State three uses of concrete shown on the photograph.

State the percentage of literate people in urban areas.

(b) Study Photograph C (Insert).

(a) Describe the route of the main monsoon across Pakistan.

disputed international boundary

What is the main cause of rainfall from:

Which area receives the highest rainfall from December to March?

Estate of Roland Strutt (c) UCLES.

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