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Let 0.

Then, 0

0
0; 0; 0
; ;
x y z
y y
x x z z
y y
x x z z
y y
x x z z
F
i j k
x y z
F F F
F F
F F F F
i j k
y z z x x y
F F
F F F F
y z z x x y
F F
F F F F
y z z x x y

V =
c c c
=
c c c
c c
| | | | c c c c
| |
+ + =
| | |
c c c c c c
\ .
\ . \ .
c c
c c c c
= = =
c c c c c c
c c
c c c c
= = =
c c c c c c
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1
, ,
, ,
1 1 1 1 1 1
Now, let , , . , , , , , ,
Now we choose a specific linear path from , , to , , to , , to , , .
For this path, the above integral becomes:

x y z
x y z
C C
x y z
d x y z F d r F x y z dx F x y z dy F x y z dz
x y z x y z x y z x y z


= = + +
} } }
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
, , , , , , , , , ,
y x z
x y z
x y z
x y z x y z F x y z dx F x y z dy F x y z dz =
} } }
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1
1
1
1
1 1
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, , , , , , , ,
z
z
z
y
z
z
y y
z
y
z
y y y y
F x y z
z
F x y z
F x y z dz
y y
F x y z F
F
F x y z dz
y z y z
F x y z F x y z F x y z F x y z
y

c
=
c
c
c
= +
c c
c c
( c c
= + =
(
c c c c

c
= + =
c
}
}

( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
, , , ,
, ,
, , , ,
, , ;
, , , , , , , , , ,
y z
y z
x
y z
y z
y x x
x x z
x
y z
x x x x x
x
F x y z F x y z
F x y z dy dz
x x x
F F x y z F x y z
F F F
F x y z dy dz
x y z x y z x
F x y z F x y z F x y z F x y z F x y z
x
F x
x

c c
c
= + +
c c c
c c c ( c c c c
= + + = =
(
c c c c c c c

c
= + +
c
c
=
c
} }
} }
( )
, ,

Hence,
,
which is a basic property of a conservative force. Hence, is conservative
whenever 0.
x y z
y z
F F i F j F k i j k
x y z
F
F
F


| | c c c
= + + = + + = V
|
c c c
\ .
= V
V =

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