Image Processing

Universitas Jayabaya Universitas Jayabaya

OLEH : Achmad Lukman Harun Mahmud Setyaningrum

Sistem Cerdas

Image Processing
Proses memperbaiki kualitas citra agar mudah diinterpretasi oleh manusia atau komputer Teknik pengolahan citra dengan mentrasfor-masikan citra menjadi citra lain, contoh : pemampatan citra (image compression) Pengolahan citra merupakan proses awal (preprocessing) dari komputer visi.

Operasi Pengolahan Citra

Perbaikan kualitas citra(image enhacement) Pemugaran citra(image restoration) Pemampatan citra (image compression) Segmentasi citra (image segmentation) Pengorakan citra (image analysis) Rekonstruksi citra (Image recontruction)

Pengertian Citra Digital

Citra merupakan fungsi kontinu dari intensitas cahaya pada bidang 2D

Cahaya (light), Luminance, Brightness, dan Contrast

Pembentukan Citra Digital

Kontinu : Dihasilkan dari sistem optik yang menerima sinyal analog Diskrit : Representasi citra dari fungsi kontinu menjadi nilai-nilai diskrit, sehingga disebut Citra Digital
akuisisi citra, sampling kuantisasi

Cameras CCDs explained

CCD Charged Coupled Device
A pixel (light sensitive diode) converts collected photons into a charge This charge is being passed along to a single point, similar to people passing buckets of water At the dedicated location, the charge is then being amplified Different charges (buckets of water) are being passed in a successive manner Hence the name charge coupling

Cameras CMOS explained

CMOS Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
A pixel (light sensitive diode) converts collected photons into a charge This charge is being amplified at each pixel The pixel intensity can be addressed (read) by selecting the appropriate row and column

Cameras CCD or CMOS?

Feature Signal Output of Pixel CCD Electron Packet CMOS Voltage

Signal Output Chip

Signal Output Camera System Noise System Complexity

Voltage (analog)
Bits (digital) Low High

Bits (digital)
Bits (digital) Moderate Low

Sensor Complexity
System Cost Performance Responsivity

Low
Higher

High
Moderate

Moderate

Slightly better

Dynamic Range
Uniformity Windowing Anti-blooming

High
High Limited High to none

Moderate
Low to Moderate Extensive High

Pixel dan voxel

Blobs and Connectivity

Binary Large Object
A particle in a binary image Typically, a group of connected white pixels in a black background

Connectivity
Defines whether 2 adjacent pixels are connected Connectivity-4 Connectivity-8

Resolusi Citra
Resolusi pixel Resolusi spasial Resolusi spektrum Resolusi temporal Resolusi radiometrik

Jenis Citra
Binner

grayscale Citra Warna 8bit, 16bit, 24bit

Sistem Koordinat warna

SKW CIE (Commission International de IEclairage), SKW RGB/NTSC, SKW berdasarkan persepsi warna, SKW dengan sistem HSV

Format file Citra

BMP Tiff/tif Png Jpeg MPEG GIF RGB RAS dll

Operasi Aritmatika
Penjumalahan, Pengurangan, Perkalian, pembagian, Pencampuran Logika AND/NAND, Logika OR/XOR, Logika XOR/XNOR, Invert/Logika NOT, Bitshift Operators

Typical Morphology Functions

Reduce objects (erode) Expand objects (dilate) Remove small objects and peninsulas (open) Fill gaps and eliminate holes (close)

What is an Edge?
Contrastchange in pixel value Widthdefines mean pixel value near edge Steepnessdefines slope of an edge
Contrast
Edge located

Pixels
Width Steepness Width

Histogram and Threshold Usage

Histograms
Give quantitative distribution of pixels in an image Answer How many pixels are at each gray level? Help overcome subjectivity

Thresholds
Change all pixel values in an image to 0 or 1, depending on the value of the original pixel Help extract significant structures in an image

Histograms vs. Thresholds

Original

Threshold

Histogram

What is a Binary Image?

Image segmented into two regions
Particle region (pixels equal to 1) Background region (pixels equal to 0).

The thresholding process typically generates such an image Particles are often called blobs

Two Types of Thresholds

Binarizing threshold
Pixel in range? Then new pixel value = 1 Otherwise new pixel value = 0

Bandpass threshold
Pixel in range? Then pixel value does not change Otherwise new pixel value = 0

Histograms
Histogram defined Histogram vs. histograph

Aplikasi Pengolahan Citra

Bidang Perdagangan Bidang Militer Bidang Kedokteran Bidang Biologi Komunikasi Data Hiburan Robotika Pemetaan Geologi Hukum

Semiconductor
Wafer Inspection and Mapping
Locate good dye with pattern matching Position wafer with motion control

Good dye

Defective dye

Automotive
Meter calibration Fuse box inspection Airbag deployment tests

Electronics
Resistor placement verification Inspection of liquid crystal displays

Pharmaceuticals
Blister pack inspection Foreign tablet inspection

Industrial Automation
Container inspection Barcode inspection

Manufacturing
Inspection of printed circuit boards Identification of supply canisters

Scientific
Heat transfer analysis Iron ore analysis

PENGINDERAAN JARAK JAUH

The Particle Report

Area Perimeter Center of mass Orientation from horizontal Longest chord Width Height Compactness factor Moment of inertia Ellipse major axis Ellipse minor axis Elongation factor Rectangle coordinates Total surface area and more

Terima Kasih (CMIIW)

Universitas Jayabaya Universitas Jayabaya

Sistem Cerdas