2008 International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation

Creation of the Finite Element Model of Complicated Structure Cylindrical Involute Internal Spur Gear
Qiang LI Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing University of Science & Technology Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology nkdlq@126.com Haishan WENG Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing University of Science & Technology Lijun LIU Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology Abstract
The method how to create a 3-D finite element model of internal spur gear under the ANSYS platform was introduced, and then the 3-D finite element model of complicated structure involute internal spur gear was created based on the introduced method. During creation of the model, the universal command stream of involute profile was programmed with the help of APDL (ANSYS Parametric Design Language), so the efficiency of building the model of involute spur gear was improved greatly. The establishment of regular mesh finite element model lays a foundation for further exact analysis of the gear. teeth was given. The method is also considered as a reference one for creating a similar structure gear later.

2. Universal Method to Create Finite Element Model by ANSYS

Universal methods to build finite element models by ANSYS are shown below: (1) Using direct generation. Firstly creating nodes, then creating elements and finite element models by created nodes. (2) Creating solid models. Creating complete solid models (within ANSYS or imported form CAD system), and then creating finite element models by meshing created solid models. The method (1) is used to build simple models, such as linkages [2]. The method (2) is a common one within ANSYS. Two methods are difficulty for creating the finite element models with complicated structure cylindrical internal spur gears meshed by brick element [3].

1. Introduction
Of the gear mechanism, the spur gear transmission is very simple and used widest, and the involute spur gear is used very widely in mechanical engineering because of its much strongpoint [1]. With the development of the machinery manufacture industry, the accurate modeling and FEA (Finite Element Analysis) of gears are required. It is easy to build a finite element model of simple structure cylindrical spur gear by ANSYS, but it is difficulty of complicated one, such as a cylindrical involute internal spur gear with different diameter grooves in teeth. Therefore it is an important direction for us how to find a kind of highly efficient and easy modeling method to solve the problems. In this paper, the method to build 3-D finite element model of a complicated structure cylindrical internal spur gear with difficulty diameter grooves in

3. The Method to Build Finite Element Model of Complicated Structure Cylindrical Involute Internal Spur Gear by ANSYS
The finite element model was created by the method shown below: According to the known parameters, the 2-D solid model with half tooth was created, and then the 2-D finite element model was created by meshing the created 2-D solid model, and the 3-D finite element model and the 3-D solid model were simultaneously

978-0-7695-3357-5/08 $25.00 2008 IEEE DOI 10.1109/ICICTA.2008.94

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created by a series of operations, such as copying, moving and dragging the 2-D solid model. Based on the introduced method above, the 3-D finite element model of the cylindrical involute internal spur gear of a certain reducer was built easily and conveniently. The drawing and the parameters are shown Figure.1 and Table 1. The number of tooth selected to build was seven.

f3=sin(180/Pi*tan(ak))-tan(ak)*cos(180/Pi*tan(ak)) f4=cos(180/Pi*(Pi/(2*z)-2*x*tan(a)/z-inva)) X (i) =0.5*z*m*cos (a)*(f1*f2+f3*f4) Y (i) =0.5*z*m*cos (a)*(f1*f4-f3*f2) i=i+1 *ENDDO /PREP7 *DO, i, 1, 12 K, i, X (i), Y (i) *ENDDO KSEL, S,,, 1,12 BSPLIN, ALL .

Figure 1. The drawing of internal spur gear Table 1. The parameter of internal spur gear

Figure 2. The parameter input dialog box of internal spur gear

4. The Realization of Parametric Modeling of the Gear by Using APDL

According to the involute formulation given by reference [4] under Cartesian coordinate system, APDL program was programmed, and then the keypoints on tooth profile were created, and finally the involute tooth profile was formed by fitting the keypoints. The main APDL program content was shown below:

4.3. The Creation of 2-D Solid Model of Half Tooth

Twelve keypoints were created by above commandstream, and then an involute tooth profile was formed by fitting the keypoints. The model of half tooth was created by combining other data, such as, the diameters of addendum circle and dedendum circle, etc. (See Figure3). Of course, the more the number of the keypoints is, the more accurate the involute tooth profile is.

4.1. Evaluation of Gear Basic Parameters by Using Multiparameter Input Dialog Box
The input dialog box was shown Figure2.

4.2. The Main Command Stream of Forming Involute Tooth Profile

The main command stream of forming involute tooth profile was shown below: . *DO, ak, 13, 22 f1=cos(180/Pi*tan(ak))+tan(ak)*sin(180/Pi*tan(ak)) f2=sin(180/Pi*(Pi/(2*z)-2*x*tan(a)/z-inva))

Figure 3. The 2-D solid model of half tooth

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4.4. The Creation of 3-D Finite Element Model of the Gear

The meshing is an important step for the creation of finite element model, the workload of the meshing is large - the workload accounts for at least 50 per cent of total workloads of FEA, and the mesh shape and the number have directly effects on both the precision of results and the scale of solution [5]. In this paper, the dragging meshing method was adopted to mesh the gear. The X-Y plane is the crosssection of the gear end, and the Z-axis is the axial direction of the gear. The gear was divide into the joins of the components without grooves and with grooves, and the components were projected to X-Y plane (See Figure 4), and then were meshed by using mapped meshing method, and the meshing sizes of joints must be equal when the projections were meshed (See Figure 5). The seven teeth model was created by copying the meshed half tooth one in X-Y plane (See Figure 6), and then the Z-directional copying and dragging operations were adopted in order to generate the 3-D finite element model(See Figure 7), and the solid model was generated simultaneously, too (See Figure 8).

Figure 6. The partial enlargement picture of 2D finite element model of seven teeth

Figure 7. The 3-D finite element model of internal spur gear

Figure 4. The projections of models in X-Y plane half tooth

Figure 5. The finite element model of projections

Figure 8. The 3-D solid model of internal spur gear The main command stream was shown below . ET, 1, PLANE42 ET, 2, SOLID5 . TYPE, 1 LESIZE, 1,,, 6,,,,,1 LESIZE, 17,,, 5,,,,,1 LESIZE, 19,,, 2,,,,,1 LESIZE, 11,,, 5,,,,,1 LESIZE, 4,,, 3,,,,,1 LESIZE, 12,,, 3,,,,,1 LESIZE, 8,,, 3,,,,,1

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LESIZE, 9,,, 2,,,,,1 LESIZE, 6,,, 9,,,,,1 LCCAT, 11, 4 LCCAT, 12, 8 LCCAT, 1, 15 MSHAPE, 0,2D MSHKEY, 1 AMESH, 1, 7, 1 CSYS, 4 WPROT, ang1 ARSYM, Y, 1, 7, 1,, 0,0 WPROT, ang1 ARSYM, Y, 1, 14, 1,, 0,0 WPROT, ang ARSYM, Y, 1, 28, 1,, 0,0 WPROT, 2*ang ARSYM, Y, 15, 56, 1,, 0,0 . ASEL, R, LOC, Z, 74/1000 CM, AREA2, AREA TYPE, 2 ESIZE, zesize, 0 CMSEL, S, AREA2 VDRAG, AREA2,,,,,, 1043 . ALLSEL, ALL ESEL, S, TYPE,, 1 ACLEAR, ALL NUMMRG, ALL,,,, LOW NUMCMP, ALL

References
[1] Heng SUN, Mechanical Principle, Higher Education Press, Beijing, 2001. [2] S. MOAVENI. Finite Element Analysis -Theory and Application with ANSYS, Prentice-Hall, Inc., New Jersey, 1999. [3] ANSYS, Inc., ANSYS Tutorials for Release 5.5, ANSYS, Inc., 1998 [4] Youlin WANG, Qing YU, and Ying JIANG, The Practical Involute Equation under Cartesian Coordinates System, Journal of Mechanical Transmission, 26(3), 2002, pp.41-43. [5] Jingzhong XING, Methods of Creating Model and Grid Partition of ANSYS, China Water Transport (Academic Version), 6(09), 2006, pp. 116-118.

5. Conclusion
(1) The programmed APDL command stream can be, easily and conveniently, applied to created similar involute spur gears (standard gear or profile shifted gear) by only modifying some parameters in program. (2) For the above 3-D finite element model of complicated structure cylindrical involute internal spur gear, its strongpoint is completely regular mesh and convenient modification in mesh size. The completely regular meshing is benefit to improve the precision of results, and convenient modification in mesh size can adjusts the contradiction between computation time and precision of results.

Acknowledge
The authors gratefully acknowledge the sponsorship of this work by the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China (200607010707).

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