Kevin Jiempreecha's AP Physics B Equation Reference Sheet Kinematics in One Dimension and Two Dimensions (Plane) Average Velocity:

v=

d t a= v t

Average Acceleration:

v f =v i +at 1 v= ( v f +v i ) 2 1 d = ( v f + vi ) t 2 1 d = at 2 +v i t 2 2 2 v f =v i +2ad
Range:

v 2 sin2 R= 0 g

Motion and Force: Dynamics Force: F =ma Summation of Forces: F x =ma x Weight: Wt=mg Force of Friction: F f = F n Circular Motion and Gravitation Period:

F y =ma y

T=

2 r v f= 1 T T= 1 f ac= v2 r F c= mv2 r

Frequency:

Centripetal Acceleration: Centripetal Force:

F c=mac T =2 F =G

Period of Pendulum:

l g
2

Gravitational Force:

m1 m2

Work and Energy

W =Fd W Power: P= t
Work: Kinetic Energy:

P=Fv 1 2 E k = mv 2

Potential Energy due to Gravity: U =E pg =mgh Law of Conservation of Energy: E total =E pi + E ki =E pf + E kf Hooke's Law (Force of Spring): F =kx Period of Spring:

E total =E p + E k + Q

T =2

m k

Potential Energy of Spring: Momentum Momentum: p=mv Impulse: J = p= F

1 U =E ps = kx 2 2

t=m v
p i= p f mv i=mv f

Law of Conservation of Momentum: Elastic Collision:

m1 v 1+m2 v 2=m1 v 1 +m2 v 2

E k1 + E k2=E 1 +E 1 k1 k2

2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 m1 ( v 1 ) + m2 ( v 2 ) = m 1 ( v 1) + m2 (v 1 ) 1 2 2 2 2 2

Head-On Elastic Collision: Torque Torque: =Fr

v 1 +v 1=v 2+ v 1 1 2

Fluids Density:

m V F A

Pressure:

P=

P= g h Pressure Varying with Depth (Sealed): P= g h P= P0 + g h Pressure Varying with Depth (Exposed): P=P 0 + g h
Pascal's Principle:

P=P out

F F out = A Aout F net= F B W

Buoyant Force: F B = f V f g Net Force due to Buoyancy:

F o o = FB f
Continuity Equation: Bernoulli's Equation:

A1 v 1= A2 v 2 P 1+ 1 1 2 2 v1 + g h1 =P 2+ v 2+ g h 2 2 2

Vibrations and Waves Hooke's Law: Frequency:

F =kx f= 1 T T= 1 f 1 U =E ps = k x 2 2

Potential Energy of Spring:

Period of Pendulum: Velocity of Wave: Law of Reflection: Sound

T =2

l g

v= f i = r

FT ( m/ L ) Speed of Sound Varying with Temperature: v=( 331+0.6T ) m/ s

Speed of Sound Varying with Tension: v=

Temperature and Kinetic Theory Thermal Expansion: Boyle's Law:

L= Lo T

P 1 V 1 =P 2 V 2 V1 V2 = Charles' Law: T1 T2 P1 V 1 P 2 V 2 = Combined Gas Law: T1 T2

Ideal Gas Law (Universal Gas Constant): PV =nRT Ideal Gas Law (Boltzmann's Constant): PV = N K B T Average Kinetic Energy of Molecules in Gas Sample:

P V =nR T P V = N K B T 3 Ek = k B T 2 v rms = v 2= 3RT 3k b T = M

Root-Mean-Square Velocity of Molecules in Gas Sample: Heat Internal Energy of an Ideal Gas:

3 U = nRT 2

3 U = nR T 2

Q=mc T
Heat Transfer by Conduction: Thermodynamics

H=

Q kA T = t L

U =Q+W
Work Done During Thermodynamic Processes:

W = P V

Q H =W +Q L
Engine Efficiency:

e=

W QH ec= T H T L TH

Carnot (Maximum) Engine Efficiency:

Electric Charge and Electric Field Coulomb's Law:

F=

k Q1 Q2 r
2

Electric Field Intensity:

E=

F Q

E=

kQ r2

Electric Potential, Electric Energy, and Capacitance Voltage (Electric Potential Difference; Electric Potential; Potential Difference):

V=

W Q

V = Ed kQ Voltage due to Point Charge: V = r

Voltage Between Charged Plates: Capacitor Charge: Q=VC Capacitance (Vacuum):

C= 0

A d C=K 0 A d

Parallel-Plate Capacitance (Dielectric):

Energy Stored in Capacitor: Electric Currents Current:

(1/ 2 ) Q2 1 1 2 U =E p= QV = CV = 2 2 C

I=

Q t I= V R
V = IR

Current due to Resistance:

Resistance:

R=

L A
2 2

V Power of Electricity: P=IV = I R= R

Circuits Terminal Voltage: V ab =V n Ir Equivalent Resistance (Series):

R p= Ri
i=1

n 1 1 = Equivalent Resistance (Parallel): Rs i=1 Ri 1 n 1 = Equivalent Capacitance (Series): C s i=1 C i

Equivalent Capacitance (Parallel): Magnetic Fields Magnetic Field Strength:

C p= Ci
i=1

B=

Force on Current in Magnetic Field: F =BILsin Force on Charged Particle in Magnetic Field: F =QvBsin Path of Electron in Uniform Magnetic Field: Electromagnetic Induction Magnetic Flux:

0 I 2 r

r=

mv qB

B =B A=BAcos = N B t

Faraday's Law of Induction (Induced EMF due to Magnetic Flux): Induced Electromotive Force (EMF):

=Blv

Light and Electromagnetic Waves

1 1 1 = + f do di So do = Si di
Magnification of Mirror:

M= c v

S i d i = So do

Index of Refraction:

n=

Snell's Law (Law of Refraction):

n 1 sin 1=n2 sin 2

n2 v 1 1 = = n1 v 2 2 m L d dsin =m xm =
Maxima (Constructive Interference) in Double-Slit Diffraction: dsin =m Minima (Destructive Interference) in Double-Slit Diffraction: Maxima (Constructive Interference) in Single-Slit Diffraction: Minima (Destructive Interference) in Single-Slit Diffraction:

dsin = m+

( 1) 2 1 dsin =( m+ ) 2

dsin =m

Quantum Theory, Nuclear Physics, and Elementary Particles Energy of Photon:

E photon=hf =

hc =W 0=hf 0 E kmax =hf

Energy of Electron (Photoelectric Effect): E=hf Work Function (Photoelectric Effect; Minimum Energy to Remove Electron): Maximum Kinetic Energy of Electron (Photoelectric Effect): Momentum of Photon:

E kmax =QV 0

p=

hf h = c = h h = mv p

De Broglie Wavelength of Particle:

Energy from Contact Between Matter and Antimatter: E=mc2