Lynn Hunt, The Making of the West Chapter 22 1.

When it was coined, the term second world referred to A. western Europe. B. the United States, Canada, and Great Britain. C. the Soviet Union and its socialist allies. D. the capitalist nations only. 2. One reason the war of 1939 to 1945 was more destructive in Europe than the war of 1914 to 1918 was that A. World War II was a war that for the first time involved all sectors of society, not just the military and munitions manufacturers. B. Nazi policies fanaticized the German army, leading it to wreak far greater material destruction than the army of the German kaiser during World War I. C. armies in World War II had fought a war of movement, leveling thousands of square miles of territory. D. the Allies in World War II were much more bent on punishing Germany in an effort to avenge the victims of Nazi aggression. 3. Many Jewish concentration camp survivors returned to their countries in Europe to find that A. it was easy to regain their property and possessions. B. anti-Semitism was still strong in popular opinion, and they received little help in returning to postwar life. C. guilt over the Holocaust led to a drastic decline in anti-Semitism, so postwar life was easier than prewar life. D. governments were eager to redress the injustices of the Holocaust, so Jewish property was returned and there were state programs to aid reintegration. 4. The demands of total war in the Soviet Union had encouraged independent initiative and relaxed Communist oversight, a development that Stalin A. encouraged in his five-year plan of 1946 through a series of decentralization measures designed to increase production levels. B. praised as proof of worker flexibility and self-empowerment, two linchpins of socialism. C. ruthlessly reversed through increased repression, increased production goals, and a still more radical collectivization of agriculture. D. reversed with the gradual adoption of the command and control procedures regularly exercised in the ever-growing Soviet army. 5. Although coalition governments survived for a time in some eastern European countries after the war, Stalin almost immediately imposed Communist rule in A. Poland. B. Bulgaria and Romania.

C. Hungary and Czechoslovakia. D. Yugoslavia. 6. Following the end of World War II, the British and Americans were alarmed when A. Communist insurgents threatened the British-installed, right-wing monarchy in Greece. B. ethnic rivalry in the Balkans left the Serbian Communists as the strongest party in the region. C. the French Communist Party experienced phenomenal growth. D. the German Federal Republic failed to outlaw the German Communist Party. 7. The Marshall Plan aimed to provide A. food, equipment, and services to war-devastated Europe. B. military aid to Japan to hold off Russian and Chinese threats. C. aid to rebuild Britain and France's badly damaged military establishments. D. exchange students and scholars to lessen the distrust that countries felt after the war. 8. An exception to the rule in eastern Europe, Communist ruler Tito (Josip Broz. established a fairly independent, non-Soviet Communist state in A. Yugoslavia. B. Poland. C. Bulgaria. D. Albania. 9. The United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union agreed to Germany's division into four occupation zones during a meeting held in A. San Francisco. B. Tehran. C. Yalta. D. Paris. 10. When, in 1948, the Soviets blockaded Berlin, situated more than 100 miles into the Soviet zone, the United States responded by A. threatening to rescind the Allied agreement concluded at Yalta over the Soviet's role in Korea and Manchuria. B. cutting off negotiations with Stalin over the Soviet Union's possible inclusion in the Marshall Plan. C. expelling Soviet diplomats from Washington, D.C., and mobilizing U.S. forces in the American zone of occupation in western Germany. D. staging Operation Vittles, an ongoing airlift that supplied the residents of Berlin with food and fuel into the spring of 1949. 11. The Allied victors all believed that one of their tasks in occupied Germany was ideological reorientation, a task that Stalin accomplished through A. a program of denazification.

B. the confiscation and redistribution of land, particularly the estates of wealthy Germans. C. applied socialist realism. D. the absorption of East Germany into the Warsaw Pact. 12. The postWorld War II Nuremberg trials concerned war crimes committed by A. Nazi leaders. B. Japanese generals. C. collaborators in all former Nazi-occupied European countries. D. all Nazi, Japanese, and Italian war criminals. 13. The Nuremberg trials against Nazi war criminals, held in the fall of 1945, led to either execution or long-term prison terms for some A. 300 senior Nazi SS, Gestapo, and military officers. B. 24 senior Nazi officials. C. 1,000 Nazi officials and concentration camp administrators. D. 100 defendants, including 35 Nazi judges. 14. In 1949, German centrist politicians founded the new state of the German Federal Republic, whose first chancellor was the Catholic politician A. Willy Brandt. B. Helmut Schmidt. C. Konrad Adenauer. D. Ludwig Erhard. 15. From 1949 to 1954, a wave of anti-Communist hysteria that included book burnings and investigations of several million people spread over A. France. B. Great Britain. C. the United States. D. Vietnam. 16. Two events in 1949 that helped precipitate a nationwide Communist witch hunt championed by Senator Joseph McCarthy were A. the Soviets' explosion of an atomic bomb and the Communist revolution in China. B. the downing of an American U-2 aircraft and the arrest of its pilot on espionage charges. C. the invasion of South Korea by Communist North Korean forces and the murder of the South Korean president. D. the defection of top U.S. officials to Moscow and the conviction and execution of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg for providing classified information to the Soviet Union. 17. Which of the following was not a goal of the European Economic Community (the Common Market. in the 1950s? A. Reducing tariffs among its members

B. Reducing nationalist rivalries C. Developing common trade policies for all members D. Integrating British Commonwealth trade into European markets 18. Great Britain refused to join the European Economic Community (EEC. established by Italy, France, Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands in 1957 because A. the other countries refused to base the EEC's administration in London. B. it did not want to join in the establishment of a single European-wide currency. C. it opposed German membership. D. it resisted becoming just another European country. 19. Which of the following was not a reason that various European governments developed welfare states? A. Desire to promote population growth B. Desire to prevent women from working outside the home C. Desire to encourage people to work harder and improve economic production D. Desire to improve people's health 20. The Soviet Union achieved agricultural collectivization in Hungary by A. sending in military forces and imprisoning the peasants on collective farms until they agreed to work the farms. B. buying up the majority of the property and then leasing it to unions of agricultural farmers. C. seizing property from an unpopular minority and distributing it to poorer farmers, then forcing those farmers onto collective farms. D. offering bonuses to any peasant who agreed to give up land in exchange for a share in a collective farm. 21. In 1949, the Soviet Union created regional economic organizations in order to A. increase Russian production so as to stay ahead of production in eastern Europe. B. place high tariffs on goods coming into the USSR from eastern Europe. C. prevent western European goods from swamping socialist markets in eastern Europe and the USSR. D. facilitate economic cooperation between the Soviet Union and its satellite countries. 22. The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, or COMECON, A. stunted eastern European development by forcing satellite nations to buy exorbitantly priced Soviet-made goods and to sell their own goods to the USSR at a loss. B. divided the Soviet eastern European sphere of influence into an agrarian zone in the south and an industrial zone to the north. C. propped up many eastern European economies with Soviet-funded subsidies, giving these nations time to produce and sell on their own. D. led to an energizing exchange of goods, ideas, and peoples throughout eastern Europe and the Soviet Union and, thus, to a liberalization of Communist political controls.

23. In 1956, Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev (18941971. criticized A. what he called an excessive focus on heavy industry at the expense of consumer goods and other facets of everyday life, a distortion he planned to rectify. B. the incipient spread of Western cultural values through illegal radio and television broadcasts and other Western attempts to corrupt socialist youth. C. Stalin's misguided political and economic policies and his cult of personality. D. Western-inspired reformist elements, clearly evident in the revolt in Hungary, and signaled his intention to crack down on popular insurrections within the Soviet Union. 24. In 1956, an uprising in Hungary finally precipitated an invasion by Soviet forces when A. Hungarian leader Imre Nagy announced that Hungary would leave the Warsaw Pact. B. its leaders expanded their initial purely economic demands to include the establishment of a multiparty system. C. the Hungarian army ignored orders from Moscow and refused to repress the rebellion. D. Marshall Zhukov overthrew Communist premier Imre Nagy. 25. Yuri Gagarin caused great concern in the United States. What did he do to become famous? A. He threatened to bury the West during a visit to the United States. B. He was the first man to orbit the earth, thus demonstrating the Soviet Union's advances in space technology. C. He was the chief scientist on the Russian nuclear weapons program. D. He was the chief undercover agent for the Soviet Union based in Washington, D.C. 26. In 1950, the United Nations' Security Council approved a police action that deployed troops in A. Korea. B. the Philippines. C. Uganda. D. Japan. 27. Ho Chi Minh (18901969. and his peasant guerrilla forces finally forced the French to withdraw from Indochina in 1954 after the savage battle of A. Saigon. B. Dien Bien Phu. C. Phnom Penh. D. Nam Dinh. 28. In 1947, Britain gave up its control of Palestine to A. Israel. B. the United Nations. C. Jordan. D. the United States.

29. In 1964, after a protracted war, Kenya won formal independence when nationalist fighters from the Kikuyu ethnic group, known as Mau Mau, A. repulsed French forces at Mombasa. B. overran the capital city of Nairobi, forcing the British to agree to an independence agreement in order to avoid further bloodshed. C. defeated the British, but only after the slaughter of some tens of thousands of Kikuyus. D. resisted British attempts to retain control by promoting a countrywide strike of staterun industries. 30. Whereas France's Third Republic collapsed with the German invasion in 1940, the Fourth Republic fell in 1958 as a result of A. the French defeat in the war in Indochina. B. France's decision to accept membership in the European Economic Community. C. the war to retain French control of Algeria. D. Charles de Gaulle and his speeches against government corruption. 31. Starting relatively soon after World War II, western European countries received a large number of immigrant workers from their former A. enemy, the Soviet Union. B. colonies. C. allies, the United States and Canada. D. trading rivals in eastern Europe. 32. Which one of the following was thought to be emblematic of the survival of Western values in the face of Nazi persecution? A. The Wretched of the Earth B. Anne Frank: Diary of a Young Girl C. Waiting for Godot D. The Second Sex 33. Existentialism, a philosophy championed by Albert Camus and Jean-Paul Sartre that became fashionable in the 1950s, argued that A. human existence was the result not of divine creation but of natural birth, and human morality derived itself from nature. B. human (and personal. existence was not the result of divine creation or natural birth but was created through action and choice. C. the question of human existence, although ultimately unanswerable, was the most pressing intellectual concern for the modern postwar world. D. the question of human existence must be returned to its divine origins but that religion should also change its emphasis to humans rather than gods. 34. In Black Skin, White Masks (1952. and The Wretched of the Earth (1961), Frantz Fanon, a black psychiatrist from the French colony of Martinique, proposed that

A. Western nations should focus on education and health care in newly decolonized nations, not on economic development. B. Islam was the only force capable of creating unified states south of the Sahara. C. liberation movements used violence to attain their ends because their members had been traumatized by the violence used to colonize their countries. D. the International Monetary Fund was incapable of dealing with the poverty of Africa. 35. Which term(s. best describe(s. the youth culture and art scene in the postWorld War II West? A. Peace-loving and gentle B. Rebellious and rough C. Tinged with religious renewal D. Absurdist 36. Which of the following icons of popular culture was not a product of the postWorld War II world? A. The film Metropolis B. Elvis Presley C. The film Rebel Without a Cause D. The American Beat poets