Joan of Arc: Inspired Leader, Inspiring Legacy Annotated Bibliography

Primary Sources Books

Pernoud, Regine. Condemnation Trial. Scarborough House, 1990, School Library. This was a transcript of her trial. I learned about how Joan told her own story and how she thought. I learned how her questioners tried to get her proven to be a witch and of the Englishs hatred for her. Pernoud, Regine. Journal of the Siege of Orleans. Scarborough House, 1990, School Library. This journal helped me realize how the arrival of Joan was such a miracle for Orleans through its documenting of the recordings of the city of Orleans forlorn state before Joans arrival. It helped me see how the English first perceived her. It also helped me see how her own countrymen first perceived her. Pernoud, Regine. Rehabilation Trial. Scarborough House, 1990, School Library. This was a transcript of another one of her trials. This helped me see how Joan of Arc was viewed by the French after her death. It helped me realize how her death only motivated other and left many determined to carry on. She became a martyr. It also helped me see how pious she was. Van Dyke, Henry. The Broken Soldier and the Maid of France. New York and London: Harper and brothers, September, 1919. Retrieved 14/5/12 from <http://www.kellscraft.com/brokensoldier/brokensoldiercontent.html> This primary source from WWI showed me how many soldiers believed that Joan of Arc would inspire to win. It helped me see how this story about a broken soldier meeting the Maid of France might give them courage when there was none.

Websites
Arc, Joan of. Letter to the English, 22 March 1429, retrieved 15/9/11 from <http://archive.joan-ofarc.org/joanofarc_letters.html> I learned about how Joan of Arc wanted the British out of France, and how she really did not want to fight. It helped me realize how determined she was to succeed. It also told me of her inexperience in the matter, expecting the British to give up so easily. Cauchon, Pierre (n.d.), Quotes About Joan of Arc, Retrieved 14/12/11 from <http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Joan_of_Arc> I realized a lot about how famous and influential people regarded her as their hero, and spoke of her with great reverence, from their words in this primary source. I used quotes from this source on my Slandering Joan page to show how the English had condemned her as a witch.

Did the Suffragettes Help? (n.d.) Retrieved 7/2/12 from <www.johndclare.net/Women2_DidSuffragettesHelp.htm> This site really helped me see the immediate reaction of people to the suffragettes movement. It helped me see the negative reaction through what people said then, and the positive reaction through newspaper articles and the suffragettes themselves. It also helped me see the long-term reaction. Lytton, Constance. Prisons and Prisoners. A Celebration of Women Writers, 1914, Web. http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/lytton/prisons/prisons.html I quoted from this page on my Symbol in Suffrage page. I quoted from here to show how Joan had inspired the suffragettes, and influenced their decisions. This source also told me a about the difficulties that the womens suffragettes faced and how they overcame them. Monvel, Louise-Maurice Boutet, Famous Quotes About And By Saint Joan of Arc, Retrieved 14/2/11 from <http://www.maidofheaven.com/joanofarc_quotes_autobiography.asp> This primary source taught me about how Joan of Arc was regarded as a hero by many. I learned about how many famous people regarded her through their words. Shakespeare, William, Henry VI (Part 1) (n.d.), Retrieved 2/1/11 from <http://shakespeare.mit.edu/1henryvi/full.html> This primary source really helped me see how the English portrayed her. It showed me how they tried to undervalue the Frenchs victory of the Hundred Years War through its unfavorable portrayal, showing Joan as a seducer, a witch, a merciless woman, and a coward. I quoted from here on my Slandering Joan page to show how she was portrayed as all of the things mentioned.

Articles
Honors for Joan of Arc, (1888), Retrieved 14/1/2012 from <http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html? res=F10C12FF3D5A11738DDDAA0994DD405B888DF1D3&scp=22&sq=joan%20of%20arc&st=cse> This source really helped me with the wave of feelings released by her beatification. It helped me see how the stage was set for her inspiring soldiers. It also helped me realize the amount of controversy her name held then. Joan of Arc Park Created by Hylan (1918), Retrieved 15/12/11 from <http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html? res=F50F12FF385D147A93C7A81789D95F4C8185F9&scp=45&sq=joan%20of%20arc&st=cse> I learned about how far Joan of Arcs influence spread, as far as the America, and how she was respected. It also helped me with how she was a feminist symbol mostly there because of a statue designed and created solely by women. Joan of Arc Wouldnt Be Window Breaker Today, Says Father Vaughan, (March 30, 1912), NY: NY Times. Print. This newspaper article really helped me see the negative reaction to Joan of Arcs use as a symbol by the suffragettes. I quoted from this page on my Symbol of Suffrage page to show how all the reactions were not positive, and to show the negative reaction. I learned about also how this view had very little effect.

Joan of Arc Appears to Startle Mark Twain, (December 31, 1905), New York: New York Times. This article helped me see how Mark Twain had reacted favorably to Joan of Arc. It helped me see how people nowadays react to her story, and how people venerate her accordingly. It also helped me see how Mark Twain thought of the way people had depicted her in the past. Nicholas Sarkozy Bids to Wrest Joan of Arc back from the French far Right, 6 Jan 2012, France: Telegraph. This article helped me see how Sarkozy is using Joan of Arc. It also helped me see how he is using her, and also how Marine le Pen is contesting it. Suffragette as Joan of Arc, (April 18, 1909), New York: NY Times. Print. I quoted from this page on my Symbol of Suffrage page to show how many suffragettes dressed up as Joan to spread their movement. This helped me see how Joans influence spread through parades and helped with the suffragette movement. Hendrix, Steve, A Stirring Icon of Girl Power, October 12, 2008, Retrieved 25/12/11 from <http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/10/10/AR2008101001919.html? hpid=features1&hpv=national> I learned about how she inspires people nowadays, and how they regard as their hero nowadays. This helped me with her influence on our lives now. It helped me also with how much people are prepared to do for a heroine.

Videos
Benedict XVI Joan of Arc is an Example to Us All (n.d.), Retrieved 30/1/11 from <http://www.voobys.com/watch?v=xhBDTZJmypY> This video helped me see how religious leaders preach Joans values. It helped me see how Joan of Arc should be an example to politicians. It also helped me realize how Joan had inspired important people. Free French: French resistance uprising in Paris, 1944. Video. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Web. 6 Jan. 2012. This video showed to me how determined the Free French were. It showed me how they would never give up, and it also showed how they identified with never giving up Joan. Even though I did not use this on my website, it still showed me this. Joan of Arc Day in London (n.d.), Retrieved 9/1/11 from <http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id=12670> This video showed to me how the Free French Forces honored Joan of Arc. It showed to me how they tried in every way to make their involvement with her properly honored. It also showed me how the British supported them. Joan of Arc Divides French Politics (n.d.). Video. Youtube. Web. 30/1/11. This helped me create the Present Day Legacy section of my project. It helped me see how Joan of Arc is a symbol of politic groups and even now is being manipulated to gain support. Joan of Arc Suffragette Parade, March 3 1913, Video. Stock Footage. Web. 20/4/12

This video helped me see how Joan of Arc was present in the suffragettes. At the head of this parade is Inez Milholland as Joan of Arc, leading one of the most important parades of the suffragettes. It helped me see how they regarded her as their patroness. Liberation of Paris: The Paris Story WW2 Historical Documentary, 1944. Video. Youtube. Web. 8/2/2012. This video helped me see how the Cross of Lorraine was ever present with the Free French. It helped me see how they always carried it, and how it was always there with them. Orleans Honors Joans Religious Significance. (n.d.). Video. Youtube, Web. 15/4/12. This video helped me see how people still honor Joans religious significance today. It helped me see how people love her and believe her to represent many things for them.

Images
Elsie Howey as Joan of Arc, (no photographer), April 1909, Bad Reputation, Found at http://www.badreputation.org.uk/2011/09/22/revolting-women-joan-of-arc-rosie-the-riveter-and-the-feministprotest-icon/ This picture, one of the many times that feminists dressed up as Joan of Arc, represents how the suffragists used Joan as a symbol of their cause. It shows how she inspired them. Free French Volunteers, (no photographer), (n.d.), Chemins de Memoire, Found at www.cheminsdememoire.gouv.fr/page/affichecitoyennete.php?idLang=en&idCitoyen=28 I used this picture to show how many volunteers the Free French got, to show how successful they were and would continue to be in that area. Hedwig Reicher as Columbia in the suffrage pageant. Photograph, March 3, 1913. George Grantham Bain Collection (LOT 11052-2). Prints and Photographs Division. LC-USZ62-70382. Even though I did not use this picture, it helped me see how she had inspired the suffragette movement. It helped me understand how she as a woman who had saved her country, inspired the suffragettes to do something about the state of their situation. Joan of Arc in Orleans, Jocard, Alaine, January 7 2012, Found at <http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/chimh07pod-arc20120107180232,0,453788.photo> This photo depicts Pauline Finet dressed as Joan of Arc in the yearly celebrations of Joan of Arc in Orleans. This helped people see her present day legacy in the form of this girl on a white horse, followed by a crowd. Joan of Arc Revolution, (no photographer), (n.d.), Found at <http://resourcesforhistoryteachers.wikispaces.com/Influential+Women+in+World+History> This painting depicts Joan of Arc on a white horse, entering Orleans. This picture shows that just a simple woman did so much, spurring others to revolutions. This helped see how Joan of Arc caused such a big affect. Joan of Arc Commemorative Medallion, (no photographer), (n.d.), Found at <http://ansmagazine.com/files/Winter07/coll21.jpg> This helped me see how commemorative medallions of Joan of Arc compare to religious medals of her.

This also helped me see how people would commemorate her with medals like these. Joan of Arc Religious Medal, (no photographer), (n.d.), Found at <http://stpatscathedralgiftshop.com/stjoanofarcmedalwithchain.aspx> I used this religious medal to show how medals of Joan of Arc were worn by many. I also used this to show how many medals asked her to pray for the wearer. Joan of Arc Postcard, (no photographer), (n.d.), Found at <http://www.scuttlebuttsmallchow.com/joanwareffort.html> This postcard helped me see how soldiers during WWI were inspired Joan of Arc. This postcard helped me see this through its depiction of a faithful Joan of Arc in the bottom-right. Joan of Arc Red Cross Magazine, Arfa, October 1918, Found at <http://www.magazineart.org/main.php/v/massmonthlies/redcross/Red+Cross+Magazine+191810.jpg.html> This magazine cover depicting Joan of Arc on a white horse along with St. George helped me see how many soldiers believed her to be leading them through battles to win them. Joan of Arc and the Kaiser, (no photographer), (n.d.), Found at <http://www.scuttlebuttsmallchow.com/joanwareffort.html> This picture depicts Joan of Arc victorious as the Kaiser stands before her. In the background Rheims Cathedral (which the Germans bombed) burns. This helped me see how Joan of Arc was believed to be able to defeat (at least spiritually) the Kaiser and so inspired many. Joan of Arc and Sarkozy, (photographer unknown), visited 28/4/12, Found at <http://cdn.medjugorje.com/images/stories/Current-Information/sarkozy-joan.jpg> This picture of Joan of Arc and Sarkozy, the current French president helped me see how Joan of Arc still influences in our times, and helped me also see how people nowadays still use her symbol to achieve goals. Joan of Arc Festival, (no photographer), (n.d.), Heavy Gear Girls, Found at http://www.heavygeargirls.com/viewtopic.php?f=95&t=1005 This image is of a festival for Joan of Arc, one typical of the many every year. I used it to show how festivals of Joan of Arc were used to curry favor, spread propaganda, etc. Joan of Arc Doodle, Clement de Faquembuergue, 1429, Wikipedia Commons, Found at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Joan_parliament_of_paris.jpg This image, a doodle by a man who had never seen her, was the only one done of Joan in her lifetime. It depicts a common idea of her: a typically feminine figure in a dress carrying a sword and a standard. I used this to show a common idea of her. Joan of Arc route, (no photographer), (n.d.) Found at <http://faculty.smu.edu/bwheeler/Joan_of_Arc/images/ANIMAP8.GIF> I used this map to show the route that Joan of Arc had taken in her battles. I used it to show how far she had to travel and how much she had to do. Nicholas Sarkozy and Joan of Arc, REX, (n.d.), Found at

<http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/8998130/Nicolas-Sarkozy-bids-to-wrestJoan-of-Arc-back-from-French-far-Right.html> This picture depicts Nicholas Sarkozy near a statue of Joan of Arc. I used this picture to show how Joan of Arcs legacy continues today, how symbols of her are still fought over. Official Program- Women Suffrage Procession, Benjamin Dale, visited 6/3/12, Found at

http://ghpoetryplace.blogspot.com/2010/07/evolution.html
I used this poster to show how Joan of Arc was deeply incorporated into the suffragettes parades, and to show how she was important to them. This program depicts her at the head of a suffragette procession heading to the White House. Pierre Cauchon and Jeanne dArc, (photographer unknown), uploaded 12/12/05, Found at <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Cauchon> This picture depicts Pierre Cauchon, the person who condemned Joan of Arc, at her trial. I used it to show how he looked. Portrait of Charles VII, by Jean Fouquet, tempera on wood, Louvre Museum, Paris, c. 14451450, Found at <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France> This picture depicts the Dauphin in all his royal glory. I used this to show how the man who Joan of Arc sacrificed for looked. Religious Medals, (no photographer), (n.d.) Found at <http://img1.etsystatic.com/il_fullxfull.281524657.jpg> I used this photograph to show how medals of Joan of Arc have been used to show religious devotion. This also helped me see how Joan of Arc has inspired many to wear these medals. Sarkozy at Joans Birthplace, Philip Wojazer (6 Jan, 2012), Found at <http://cnsnews.com/news/article/joan-arc-anniversary-draws-french-president> This picture shows Sarkozy at Joans still-preserved birthplace in Domremy. I used it to show how he looked, and also how he was fighting over her symbol. Suffrage March in Line. How Thousands of Women Paraded Today at Capitol. 1913 Winsor McCay (September 26, 1871 - July 26, 1934) Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C., 20540 USA, Found at <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Suffrage_march_line_How_thousands_of_women_parade_today_at_Capitol _1913.jpg> I used this picture to show how the suffragettes had paraded, and given the utmost importance to Joan of Arc, who is at the head. This is a kind of map of the suffragette march line, labeling each person as what he/she is. Three Soldiers Urged On By Joan of Arc, (no photographer), 19 Jan 1919, A Momentary Madness, Found at http://amomentarymadness.ecrater.com/p/8039389/wwi-france-patriotic-colored-photo This photo shows me how Joan inspired soldiers. Showing three soldiers with Joan at their soldiers, it represents how she drove soldiers on and gave them courage. WACs parade for Joan of Arc, Stedman, 27 May 1945, US National Archives, Found at http://ww2db.com/image.php?image_id=5606

This image showed how the WACs used Joan of Arc as their symbol. It depicts a parade of them in Rouen, and shows how Joan of Arc helped in the two world wars. Women of America Save Your Country, (photographer unknown), November 9, 2011, Weekly Women in History Pictures, Found at <http://womenshistory.about.com/od/essentials/ig/Wordless-Wednesday/Joan-ofArc-Saved-France.htm> This photo told me how Joan of Arcs image was used in the war effort to raise money for troops. Showing her holding a sword forward, with written underneath and on top: Joan of Arc Saved France, Women of America Save Your Country, Buy War Saving Stamps, it cast women in a role of saving their country, effectively hooking them.

Songs and Speeches

Burr, Henry. Joan of Arc They Are Calling You. Perf. Found at <http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=FZxVfMEMryE> This song helped me see how multimedia about her was used due to her popularity in the First World War. I used this on my WWI- Inspiring Patriotism page to show how this popularity was spread really far. de Mauchat, Guillame. Quant en Moy (16/25) Perf. Found at <http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=bZxAqWV7a0A> I chose this song to get in the feeling of Joan of Arcs time. This is by a French composer, and was written during the 14th century. I felt it also got the mood of Joan of Arcs time. De Gaulle, Charles. Discours et Messages 1940-1946. Volume 1. Ed. Goguel, Franois. Editions BergerLevrault, 1946. This speech of General De Gaulles helped me see how in Joans legacy he used her to promote his campaigns. It showed how and why he used her as a symbol of his campaigns. It also showed to me how he related Joan of Arcs trials to Frances at the time. De Gaulle, Charles. Discours et Messages. Perf. Found at <http://www.ina.fr/art-et-culture/arts-duspectacle/video/I00011986/discours-de-charles-de-gaulle-a-l-albert-hall.fr.html> I used the audio of this to show how Charles De Gaulles inspiring speech on Joan of Arc sounded like. It showed how inspiring she was in those times.

Secondary Sources Books

Brooks, Polly Schoyer (1990) Beyond the Myth: The Story of Joan of Arc. New York: J.B. Lippincott, School Library. Print. It is a very truthful source, a good reference when I cannot remember a fact. I learned a lot of details concerning Joans life while reading this. This gave me information on Joans life through a modern point of view.

"Free French." Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica Inc., 2012. Web. 06 Jan. 2012. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/218252/Free-French>. This showed me how the Free French came to be. It helped me realize how they came as a determined force, never giving up, and it helped me see why they adopted Joan as their patron. Frohlick, Virginia (1997), Joan of Arcs Journey to Canonization, Retrieved on 19/11/11 from <http://www.stjoan-center.com/novelapp/joaap04.html> This secondary source told me about how the British even after her death, viewed Joan with contempt. It helped with how for a very long time recorded her in their annals as a tool of the Devil, of higher powers, etc. It also helped me see her rise of popularity right before her canonization. Pernoud, Regine (1999), Joan of Arc: Her Story, Palgrave Macmillan, School Library. Print. I learned about all the different people involved in her life, from Yolande of Sicily to the Bastard of Orleans. I learned about how they affected her life and their own stories. Seward, Desmond (1999), The Hundred Years War: The English in France 1337-1453, New York: Penguin (Non-classics). Print. This book was slightly biased towards the English, and gave me a good view on how they portrayed her as a witch. I quoted from this book to show how much they hated her on my Slandering Joan page. I also learned that on the whole the French did not really profit from it. Twain, Mark (2002), Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc, New York: Dover Publications, National Library. Print. I learned a lot about the small events usually not mentioned in her life, particularly her childhood. It also helped me about how Mark Twain viewed Joan of Arc through his own words. Looking at this source helped me with how Mark Twain had reacted to Joan of Arc, with the resulting reform of this book. Watkins, Glenn (2003). Proof through the night: music and the great war. California: University of California Press. This book showed me how music about Joan helped soldiers in WWI. It helped me see how the songs about her helped in the war. This helped me see how songs about her have been used to spread her symbol. Wilson Smith, Timothy (2008) Joan of Arc: Maid, Myth and History. United Kingdom: History Press. School. Print This book told me a lot about how Joan of Arcs history was affected by many. It helped me see her legacy very clearly, analyzing works about her. It also helped me see how public opinion about her has changed through the ages.

Websites
Canonization of Joan of Arc (n.d.), Retrieved 17/12/11 from <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canonization_of_Joan_of_Arc#19th_century_to_present> This source helped me see how she bolstered morale in WWI. I quoted from this page on my WWI- Inspiring Patriotism page to show how she really played a key role in bolstering morale in battles. It also helped me see key events in which this happened.

Gildea, Robert, On the Cult of Joan of Arc during the Vichy Years, Retrieved (n.d.) from <http://artsweb.bham.ac.uk/vichy/historic.htm#joan> From this secondary source I learned about how Joan of Arc was used as the symbol of the revolution by the Vichy Government during WWII. I learned about how Joan of Arc is such a powerful icon for all French people, that it was perfect propaganda to try and win over everyones hearts to support the Vichy Government. Gildea, Robert. The Cult of Joan in the Vichy Years (n.d.), Retrieved 30/1/11 from <http://artsweb.bham.ac.uk/vichy/historic.htm#joan> This showed me the flaws of the Vichy Regimes use. It showed me how she was presented to the general public. It also showed me how they failed in establishing a monopoly. Henry VI, Part 1 (n.d.), Retrieved 2/1/11 from <http://www.online-literature.com/shakespeare/henryVI1/> This source really showed to me how the English were disinclined to look upon Joan nicely. It accurately portrayed how Joan of Arc was undervalued by the English and portrayed as a witch as an attempt to cover up how they had been defeated by a nineteen-year-old. Joan of Arc, (n.d.), Retrieved 27/1/12 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_of_Arc I learned about the imprint she left on French history, and about a more generalized view of her life. It helped me go to other resources, and helped me start to understand her legacy. I quoted from here on my Background page to make people fully understand how it was her life which really was the power it was the inspiration, and how you need to understand it before you here any views on it. Joan of Arc Jeanne dArc (n.d.), Retrieved 30/1/11 from <http://artsweb.bham.ac.uk/vichy/historic.htm#joan> This website really showed to me the flaws of the Vichy Regimes use of Joan of Arc. It helped me see, also, that not all were happy with this portrayal of Joan. It helped me see the flaws in it. Joan of Arc, her Life. (n.d.). Retrieved on 6/4/12 from <http://musee.jeannedarc.pagesperso-orange.fr/her-life.htm> I quoted from here on my Revolution page to show how her legacy has a lasted a long time and has been revolutionary. I used this to help see how Joan of Arc has been central in many things. Joan of Arc (n.d.), Retrieved 7/2/12 from http://www.bbc.co.uk/bonekickers/history/joan.shtml This article helped me see how Joan of Arc had inspired in WWI. It helped me see how her image had been revived and how interest rose, it helped me see how Joan was seen by the soldiers and how she blessed their efforts. Kitson, Simon (n.d.), Joan of Arc (Jeanne dArc) Introduction, Retrieved 30/1/11 from http://artsweb.bham.ac.uk/vichy/historic.htm#joan This source really helped me see how the Resistance used Joan of Arc to contest the Vichy Regime too. It also helped me see how people mocked the Regime to undermine it. I quoted from this page on my The Vichy Regime page to show how this tactic had problems, and how the Resistance opposed it.

Passion of Joan of Arc, 7 November 2006. Retrieved from <http://criterioncollection.blogspot.com/2006/11/62-passion-of-joan-of-arc.html> I quoted from here on my WWI- Inspiring Patriotism Page to show how she inspired many in WWI. Also, through the pictures in this blogpost it also helped me see how Joan of Arc was used in posters in WWI. Prayer to Joan of Arc for Faith, Retrieved 7/2/12 from http://www.joanofarc.us/joan_of_arc_prayer.html This website helped me see how people pray to Joan of Arc for help with things. It helped me see how in WWI similar prayers had been made for faith, and it also gave me the reasons why she was a good person to pray to. I quoted from here on my Religion page. St. Joan of Arc, (n.d.), Retrieved 21/9/11 from http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08409c.htm I learned about Joan of Arcs life, primarily from the point of view of a Catholic. It helped me see how Joan was viewed as a saint. Twain, Mark, Mark Twain Quotations: Revolution (n.d.), Retrieved 2/2/12 from <www.twainquotes.com/Revolution.html> I quoted from this page on my Heroine of the Famous page to show how Mark Twain fiercely supported revolution. It helped me realize how Mark Twain had decided to be of action, of use. von Richtofen, Codi, Joan of Arc They Are Calling You (2011), Retrieved 16/1/11 from <http://www.flickr.com/photos/redbarongallery/5625349267/in/photostream/> The fierce description that came with this image really showed to me that Joan of Arcs part in WWI was not to be ignored. It really helped me see that veterans of WWI admired her and were inspired by her. Vichy France (n.d.), Retrieved 26/1/11 from <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vichy_France> This website helped me see how Vichy France was and how and why it was established. It helped me figure out why it needed to use Joan of Arc to prevent internal discord. What is the Historical Significance of Joan of Arc? (n.d.). Retrieved on 13/1/12 from http://www.stjoancenter.com/FAQ/question3.html I learned about all the different people who were inspired by Joan of Arcs fight for freedom, or her war strategies, etc. It helped me realize how Joan of Arc was a symbol of revolution as a heroine.

Articles
Hadley, Kathryn (2012). Remembering Joan of Arc. History Today. This article helped me see why people remember her today. It also helped me see how Joan of Arc inspired Sarkozy in his journey to places in her life. It also helped me see how she is presently a symbol in French politics. Miranda (no last name) (2011), Revolting Women: Joan of Arc, Rosie the Riveter and the Feminist Protest Icon, Retrieved 5/2/12 from <http://amy-sillup.suite101.com/joan-of-arc-as-feminist-symbol-a226953>

This article helped me with how Joan of Arc was used as a feminist symbol during the movement. I quoted from here on my Symbol of Suffrage page to show why she was adopted as their symbol. This article also helped me see how she inspired feminist movements. Scott, Helen. The Mark Twain They Didnt Teach Us About In School (2000), International Socialist Review 10. This article helped me see how Mark Twain, a staunch Joan fan, came to revolutionize writing. It helped me see how he was a revolution supporter. It also helped me see how he came to revolutionize writing. Sillup, Amy (2010), Joan of Arc As A Feminist Symbol, American History. This article really helped me see how Joan of Arc inspired as a feminist symbol. It helped me see how the suffragette movement drew power from her. I quoted from here on my Feminist page to show how the feminist movements were inspired by her and not overly concerned with side facts like she wasnt a feminist herself. (No author provided), (2012), 16 of Historys Most Rebellious Women. Time. This slideshow of women throughout history featured Joan of Arc as one of historys most rebellious women. I quoted from here on my Revolution page to show how she was a revolutionary person.

Videos
Cvon, Richtofen (Producer, Director, etc.), Joan of Arc: Patron of WWI, www.YouTube.com This source helped me see how Joan of Arc really had inspired soldiers in WWI. I used a video from here on my WWI page so I could show how she had inspired people and become a patron of WWI so that they could win the war. Wagner, Walter (Producer) & Fleming, Victor (1948), Joan of Arc, LA, Sierra Pictures This secondary source portrayed the general emotions of the period very well. I learned about how the Dauphin felt before and after his coronation, Joans doubts, and the general publics conflicting feelings.

Essays
Jennings, Eric Reinventing Jeanne The Iconology of Joan of Arc in Vichy Schoolbooks, 1940-44 Journal of Contemporary History, Volume 29, No. 4 (October 1994). This essay showed me how Joan became part of the education curriculum in Vichy France. It helped me see how her image in school textbooks was used as political propaganda, further spreading her cult in young minds. Margolis, Nadia. "Joan of Arc: Maneuverable Medievalism, Flexible Feminism." Medieval Feminist Forum 22, no. 1 (1996):21-25. This essay taught me a lot about how Joan had been used as an image. It really showed me how Joan of Arc was a twistable image: how the Dauphin had twisted her, and so much more. It showed me how much of her life is debatable and how things may or may not have been invented by people pursuing

there own agendas. Robinson, Heather K.,Through a Political Lens: Joan of Arc from Myth to Modern Fragmentation (2007). University Honors Program. Paper 47. http://ecommons.txstate.edu/honorprog/47 This piece really helped me see how Joan had been twisted into political figures from the time she arrived in Chinon. It helped me see how politicians do not hesitate to use her image to promote there agendas. I quoted from here on my Past Political Figure page to show how her being a political image did not begin later, but in her life.

Images
Cross of Lorraine flag, (no photographer), (n.d.), Found at http://www.oradour.info/appendix/frefranc.htm I used this to show how the Free French incorporated Joan of Arc into their flag. It consisted of a Cross of Lorraine, her symbol, superimposed on the flag of France. Henry VI Part I, Henry Payne, 1908, Titles from Henry VI, Found at http://www.barbarapaul.com/shake/1henryvi.html This painting depicts Henry VI picking the red and white roses. It represents the play Henry VI where Shakespeare portrayed Joan most unfavorably. Ingres Coronation Charles VII, Jean August Dominique Ingres, (n.d.), Louvre Museum, Found at <http://www.jehanne-darc.com/cms/front_content.php?idcat=42&lang=2> This painting showing Joan in full armor with her standard aloft, resting against a jeweled box, with people praying to her in the background, shows to me how Joan of Arc was so popular with painters because this painting was done twice over, and also shows how she was revered. Joan of Arc Angel Whispering, Eugene Thirion, 1876, You Who Makes the Sky Blend, Found at <http://lisasandlin.wordpress.com/> This painting depicts Joan with an angel whispering to her. It shows to me how much she believed with her hand clutched at her heart. Joan of Arc Emmanuel Fremiett, Marie Lan Nguyen, 11 March 2007, Wikepedia Commons, Found at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Joan_of_Arc_Emmanuel_Fremiet.jpg This statue of Joan on horseback really shows me how she inspired so many others like this around the world, with some found in Washington, New York, and Paris. Done in a gleaming gold, it shows how she will always stand for patriotism. Joan of Arc Miniature graded, (painter unknown), circa 1475, Wikepedia Commons, Found at <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_of_Arc> This is the second-earliest painting done of Joan of Arc. Showing her standing with her standard in full armor, to me it is one of the most accurate Ive found. Joan of Arcs Trial, Paul Delaroche, 1824, Wikipedia Commons, Found at http://incredibleimages4u.blogspot.com/2010/04/joan-of-arc-mad-woman-who-inspired.html This painting shows Joan being interrogated by Pierre Cauchon. She is huddled up in a corner. This painting shows to me how brutal and unfair her trial was, through her sad expression and Cauchons angry one, leering at her.

Joan of Arcs Trial 2, Martin Liriano, (n.d.), Art Glass, Found at http://www.mlartglasswindows.com/gpage5.html This picture shows Joan defending her case before the court. It represents how Joan, though uneducated, spoke eloquently and defended herself so thoroughly it was only through a scam she was convicted. In it a writer glances around furtively, showing how Cauchon often tried to get them to record wrongly. Joan of Arc Statue in Limoges, Gracy, 2007, daretodream, found at http://tracyroos.typepad.com/journal/treasures/ This statue was one of many that the Vichy government ordered to be built to spread the cult of Joan. It shows how they tried to spread the cult, trying to curry favor with speeches and statues. Joan of Arc Meets The Dauphin, Getty Images, (n.d.), Hulton Archive, retrieved from <http://womenshistory.about.com/od/joanofarc/ss/Joan-Of-Arc-Pictures_2.htm> This picture depicts how Joan of Arc, as a simple woman, goes to meet the powerful French king. It helps me see how she was a symbol of opportunity for change, and how by this small act of visiting and talking to the Dauphin, she changed the course of history. Occupied and Free Zone in Vichy, Eric Gaba and Rama, (n.d.), Wikimedia, retrieved from http://www.bookdrum.com/books/charlotte-gray/9780099394310/setting.html This map of the Vichy Regime shows to me how much of France was given over to the Germans. It shows how the Vichy Regime had collaborated with the enemy in an effort to keep their government running through this map, dominated by the Germans.

Email Interviews
Blusmetihl-Roth, Dominique. Email interview. 13 Jan. 2012. This email interview with Dominique Blusmentihl-Roth, the author of the book Jehanne, la Delivrance, really helped me see how Joan of Arc was revolutionary in her own life. It also helped me see how she was a symbol in her own life too. I quoted from here on my Home page and on my Conclusion page. Blusmentihl-Roth, Dominique. Email Interview. 10 March. 2012. This second email interview with Dominique Blusmentihl-Roth helped me see how Charles de Gaulle as a symbol used Joan of Arc. It also helped me see how her memory is still alive and her energy is all over the country. Flood, Donald. Email Interview. 9 March. 2012. This interview with Donald Flood, a member of the International Joan of Arc Society really helped me see how she was important religiously. It also confirmed my belief in the effect of her canonization.