Endangered species 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

War Disease Hunted Food supply is low/ competition Lack of habitat

Advantages of captive breeding 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Less animals are captured compared to the zoos IVF Population would increase Postnatal care Research is easier

Disadvantages of captive breeding 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. When reintroduced into the wild Have problems finding food Have problems interacting with wild animals Small gene pool Inbreeding No longer fear humans Stressed

Major products of 1. Glycolysis pyruvate ATP Reduced NAD 2. Krebs cycle ATP reduced NAD/FAD carbon dioxide 3. Oxidative phosphorylation ATP Water NAD Effects of antibiotic (penicillin) on different bacterial strains 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. A has the death rate compared to B and C Due to the specificity of active sites A produces the least penicillinase C is resistant to penicillin Due to mutation

6. Cannot bind to enzyme 7. Causes enzyme to be inactivated Describe the role of natural selection in the spread of bacterial strains when an antibiotic is used 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Note: Same shaped antibiotic; 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. competitive inhibition binds to enzyme blocks active site prevents formation of cross links in peptidoglycan wall cells burst Penicillin is the selective pressure Resistant bacteria survives Reproduce Passes down allele Gene pool changes Frequency of allele increases May pass resistance to other species

Describe the role of insulin in the regulation of blood glucose concentration 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. normal glucose concentration is 9omg /100cm^3 increase in glucose concentration detected by the parameter beta cells in the pancreas detects and secrete insulin increases rate of absorption of glucose by cells rate of conversion of glucose to glycogen increases cellular respiration increases negative feedback mechanism

State the role of 1. reverse transcriptase convert mRNA to DNA 2. DNA polymerase Produce 2nd strand of DNA G to C and A to T 3. Restriction enzyme DNA is cut Plasmid is cut forms sticky ends 4. DNA ligase Seals nicks in sugar phosphate backbone

Describe structural features of tissues in the submerged stems and leaves of rice that is an adaptation for growth in water 1. Air spaces between mesophyll cells 2. Formed when cells die Explain the importance of the adaptation you have described 1. Oxygen 2. Aerobic respiration Describe the effect of increasing water level on the length of the submerged internodes 1. The higher the depth of water, the longer the length of internodes in submerged plants 2. At 60 cm , the length was 78 Suggest advantages to rice plants of the effect that you have described 1. 2. 3. 4. Part of the plant is floating Access to light Access to air pollination

Describe the effect of increasing water level on the concentration of ethane in rice stems 1. Ethane concentration increases up to 30 cm 2. Plateau between to 40 to 60cm State the meaning of the term plant growth regulator 1. Substance that affects growth Note: 1. Increase in concentration of gibberellin increases the length of stems 2. Gibberellins has a greater effect with ethane present 3.