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double <DH>'?'.'@'&'0'(*1='4"5C2/0M#H'6 9%B 420I % "A5C2/0M#:;" float G52 !5$9&H
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!5$ @,B G:C2/0M#H'6 %BI"A5D,@#C )"A$0.*M11='4"5942:;"I"A5 double /$MH<#2@ .S6G0H0%
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&='4(,+1K+C2/0M#
='&,B69"1'(:(1')D,@<:(C/6>'?'.'@'0%(:M <++5,6"%8

[modifier] dataType variableName[,variableName];





    
    


!5$ %B
x modifier 7/%$E@A(E5(+3
3 &0+,DADH'6FC/6D,@<:(IH" XX V 
&H@"1(% G%B 0H(+3.*7/@H':;"V

x dataType7/I"A5C2/0M#

x variableName7/I7B/C/6D,@<:( %B :;"G:D'01ˆ1'(D,68 I7B/


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 int amount;
:;"1'(:(1')D,@<:(amount 9420%I"A5C2/0M#:;"int
  double x;
:;"1'(:(1')D,@<:(x9420I% "A5C2/0M#:;"double
"/1.'1"%8>'?'.'@'$,6/"3n'D 942&'0'(*:(1')I7B/D,@<:( %B :;"I"A5C2/0M#
5%$@1,"G524#'$FD,@<:(>'$9"='&,B65%$@1,"D,@/$H'6IH"
 float  price, wholeSalePrice;
:;"='&,B6:(1')D,@<:( price <# wholeSalePrice 9420I% "A5C2/0M#:;"
float


"
A 'A&0
1
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9I2='&,B61='4"5H'RSB60%(M:<++5,6"%8

variableName = expression;


!5$ %B 
x variableName7/I7B/D,@<:(

x expression 7/"A-."ERSB6:;"W##,-LE %BG52.'11'(='"@C2/@'0 %B/'.


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D,@/$H'6DH/G:"%<8 &561'(9I2='&,6B 1='4"5H'&='4(,+D,@<:( %BG52 ='1'(:(1')I"A5
C2/0M#G@2<#2@

   !"!#$%&'(&" )&*'+," !"!#$%-(./01#2'.2'3 4'(#'51(+,6



 x = 1;
radius = 3.14;
c = ‘a’;
y = x+4*3;
='&,B61='4"5H'.&,B66'"942(7/B 6/0-A@D/(E ='6'"&/6C,8"D/"7/ ='"@4'
W##,-LEC/6"A-."E<#2@1K+W##,-LE %BG52G@29"D,@<:(/' A IH"='&,B6
 amount = 121+14;
.0%C,8"D/"7/='"@4'W##,-LERSB6.G52H':;" Pct <#2@1K+W##,-LE %BG52#69"D,@
<:(amount
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 1 = x;
:;"1'(9I2='&,B6 %BG0H*M1D2/6 -('H'6 9%B 5FG0H&'0'(* .%B 1K+W##,-LE %BG52.'1
"A-."EH'C/6x G52
"/1.'1"%8('&'0'(* .%B "='I7B/D,@<:( %B.1='4"5H'0':(1/+9""A-."EG52 /' A
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 x = x+1;
:;"='&,B6 %B942"A-."E-AB0H'C/6D,@<:( x %B0%/$MH<#2@G:/%1P<#2@"='W##,-LE %BG521K+
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('&'0'(* %B.:(1')<#1='4"5H'(AB0D2"C/6D,@<:( >'$9"='&,B65%$@1,"G52
!5$0%(:M <++='&,6B 5,6"%8

[modifier] dataType variableName = expression


[,variableName = expression];


/' AIH"
 int amount = 123;
float price = 12.0f;
double x = 4.0, y = 2.5;

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 public class VariableAssignDemo {
 public static void main(String args[]) {
int x,y;
 boolean b1;
 float z = 3.414f; /* The program will not be
compiled successfully if
 a character f is missing */
 double w;
x = 5;
 y = 4;
b1 = (x > y);
 w = x * 3.2;
 System.out.println("x = " + x + " y = " + y);
System.out.println("b1 = " + b1);
 System.out.println("z = " + z + " w = " + w);
}
 }


  $!$W##,-LE G%B 52.'11'((,"!:(<1(0 %BQ

"
1

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:(1')I7B/!5$0%(:M <++5,6"%8

[modifier] final dataType CONSTANT_NAME = expression;




!5$ %B 
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x dataType7/I"A5C2/0M#C/6H'6 %B

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x CONSTANT_NAME  7/I7B/C/6H'6 %BRSB6!5$ @,B G:"A$09I2D,@/,1?(-A0-E94nH
<#<$1='52@$(7B/640'$‹
x expression  7/"A-."E %B942W##,-LE:;"I"A5C2/0M# &%B /5#2/61,+I"A5C2/0M#
C/6H'6 %B
D,@/$H'6IH"='&,B6
 final int MINIMUM = 4;
final double MIN_GPA = 2.00;
:;"1'(:(1')H'6 %B  MINIMUM9420%I"A5C2/0M#:;" int!5$0%H':;"u<#
H'6 %BMIN_GPA9420%I"A5C2/0M#:;"double!5$0%H':;"Qmm
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W##,-LE5,6<&569"(M: %BQc


("'  $!%D,@/$H'6<&561'(:(1')H'6 %B


public class ConstantDemo {
public static void main(String args[]) {
final int MAXIMUM = 10;
final double MIN_GPA;

System.out.println("Maximum is " + MAXIMUM);


MIN_GPA = 2.00;
System.out.println("Minimum GPA is " + MIN_GPA);
// MIN_GPA = 3.00; //illegal
}
}



  $!%W##,-LE G%B 52.'11'((,"!:(<1(0 %BQc


    
    


""  ""#


1

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)0 #
1 
boolean false
byte 0
short 0
int 0
long 0L
float 0.0f
double 0.0
char ‘\u0000’

# null


&='4(,+H'6 %B4(7/D,@<:( %B/$M>H '$9"+#K/1C/60L/5 .0%C/+CD1'(9I26'"/$MH
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<:( j <# k 9"0L/5 method1() :;"D,@<:(>'$9" <#D,@<:( j 9"0L/5
method2()1K:;"D,@<:(>'$9"/%1D,@4"SB6('G0H&'0'(* %B.(%$19I2D@ , <:(k"/10L/5
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("'  $!,D,@/$H'6<&56C/+CDC/6D,@<:(
public class VariableScopeDemo {
public int i; // object variable

public void method1() {


int j = 4; // local variable
int k = 2; // another local variable
}

public void method2() {


int j = 0; //local variable
System.out.println(i);
// calling an object variable i

// System.out.println(k); // illegal
}
}


D,@<:( %B :;"3#,1?C/6//:.K.&'0'(*1K+ <#:#%B$"<:#6H' %B 1K+G@29"
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 public class ScopeExample {
 private int i=1;

 public void method1() {


 int i=4, j=5;

 this.i = i+j;
 method2(7);
}
 public void method2(int i) {
int j=8;
 this.i = i+j;
 }
 }-------------------------------------------------------
 public class TestScoping {
public static void main(String args[]) {
 ScopeExample scope = new ScopeExample();
 scope.method1();
}
 }






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D,@/$H'6IH"='&,B6
 public void demoMethod(){
  int x = (int)(Math.random()*10);
int y,z;
if(x > 5){
y = 6;
}
z = x+y;
}
. ='942!:(<1(0G0H&'0'(*/0G-#EWH'"G52 "7B/6.'1H' y 0%!/1'& %B.G0H*M1
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 int i = 34+2;
double d1 = 34.0–0.2;
long l = 300*30;
int j = 1/2;
double d2 = 1.0/2.0;
byte b1 = 20%3;

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 & +  +1
 & +
+= x += 3; x = x + 3;

-= x -= 3; x = x – 3;

*= x *= 3; x = x * 3;

/= x /= 3; x = x / 2;

%= x %= 3; x = x % 3;


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 x++7/x = x+1

 ++x7/x = x+1

x--7/ x = x-1

  --x7/x = x-1

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 class IncrementDemo {
public
 public static void main(String args[]) {
int x;
 int y;
 x = 5;
y = x++;
 System.out.println("x = "+x+" y = "+y);
 y = ++x;
System.out.println("x = "+x+" y = "+y);

}
} 

 

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("'  $!31'(9I2D,@5='"A"1'(<++&,0-,"LE
 public class BooleanDemo {
public static void main(String args[]) {
 int x = 5;
 int y = 4;
boolean b1;
 b1 = (x != y);
 System.out.println("x not equal y is " + b1);
 System.out.println("y less than 0 is " + (y < 0));
}
}

 

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System.out.println(x);
}
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long l = i;
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4(7/='&,B6
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.G0H&'0'(*/0G-#EWH'"G52 "7B/6.'1I"A5C2/0M#C/6"A-."E0C% "'594nH1@H'I"A5
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("'  $!4!:(<1(0 0%B C% /2 WA5-#'59"1'(<:#6I"A5C2/0M#


 public class PromotionDemo {
 public static void main(String args[]) {
int i;

long l;
 float fl = 4.2f;
 i = 4;
l = i;
 fl = i;
 double x = fl;
fl = 4.2; //illegal
 }
} 
 

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(targetType) expression
!5$ %B
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1'(9I2   X  .IH@$ ='942!:(<1(0 %B0%='&,B6RS6B .=':;"D2/6<:#6I"A5C2/0M#
9420%C"'5#K1#6&'0'(*/0G-#EWH'"G52<DH. ='942C2/0M#+'6&H@"&Mn4'$G:9"+'61(%
D,@/$H'6IH"='&,B6
 int amount = (int)3.0;
. ='1'(<:#6"A-."E cQm %B0%I"A5C2/0M#:;" double942:;"c %B0I% "A5C2/0M#:;"
int
4(7/D,@/$H'6='&,B6
 int x;
double y = 1.25;
x = (int)y;

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&'0'(*1='4"5H'9421,+D,@<:( b3RSB60%I"A5C2/0M#:;" byteG52 IH"5%$@1,"1,+H'RSB6
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("'  $!51'(9I2 X9"1'(<:#6I"A5C2/0M#
 class TypecastingDemo {
public
 public static void main(String args[]) {
byte b1 = 4;
 byte b2 = 3;
 byte b3;
b3 = (byte) (b1 + b2);

float f1;
 f1 = (float) 3.2;
 }
}



4 )0 #"


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.:;"D='<4"H6/2'6/A6 %B 1K+C2/0M#9"4"H@$@'0.=' <DH9"1(%C/6I"A5C2/0M#<++-78"l'"
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:;"1'(:(1')D,@<:( 0%B %I"A5C2/0M#<++-78"l'" int %BI7B/ x<#9421K+H':;"v
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 d = new Date(16, 8, 2002);

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String s = “Thana”;


    
    


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 class StringDemo {
public

 public static void main(String args[]) {


String s1 = "Thana";
 String s2 = "Thana";
 String s3 = new String("Thana");
}
} 

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String s1;
s1 = “Thanachart”;
s1 = “Somchai”;
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String s2 = s1+ “ is a test ”;
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 static double atan2(double x, double y);
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 static double cos(double x);

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 static double exp(double x);
 static double floor(double x);
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 static int max(int x, int y);
 static long max(long x, long y);
 static float max(float x, float y);
 static double max(double x, double y);
 static int min(int x, int y);
 static long min(long x, long y);
 static float min(float x, float y);
 static double min(double x, double y);
 static double pow(double x, double y);
 static double random();
 static double rint(double x);
 static int round(float x);
 static long round(double x);
 static double sin(double x);
 static double sqrt(double x);
 static double tan(double x);


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 public static void main(String args[]) {


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 System.out.print("x = "+x);
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System.out.println("z = "+z);
 }
} 

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