Unit 4 Telling Stories (II)

Miser (adj) Mock (verb) Hermit (obj) Pail (obj) Pounded (verb) Gush (verb) Jeopardize (verb) Rid (verb) Stranded (verb passive) Reckon (verb) Inhabit (verb) Overwhelm (verb) Burden (obj) Misery (obj) Stem (obj) Steep (adj) Slope (obj) Wound (obj) Attire (obj) Pelit Mengolok Pertapa Ember Menghantam Muncrat Mengacaukan Melempar Terdampar Memperhitungkan Berdiam Memenuhi Beban Kesengsaraan Tangkai Curam Lereng Luka Pakaian Lure (verb) Sad Plight (obj) Gnaw (verb) Fond (adj) Purse (obj) Bundle (obj) Quarrel (verb) Consider (verb) Relish (adj) Dread (adj) Shady (adj) Bear (verb) Insult (obj) Wretch (obj) Splah (verb) Crawl (verb) Startle (verb) Twig (obj) Cunning (obj) Memikat Keadaan buruk Menggerogoti Gemar Kantung(dompet) Bundelan(ikat) Bertengkar Mempertimbangkan Sukacita Takut Teduh Membuahkan Hina Sial Main air Merayap Mengejutkan Cabang dari dahan pohon Licik / cerdik

Unit 5 Telling Funny Stories

Leisure (obj) Worrywart (obj) Collar (obj) Spoof (obj) Interpret (verb) Anxious (adj) Perplex (verb) Snaps back (verb) Boast (verb) Waktu luang Pesimis Kerah Funny story Menafsirkan Khawatir Membingungkan Bentak balik Membual Plead (verb) Inquire (verb) Demand (verb) Stammered (obj) Insist (verb) Rebuke (verb) Mutter (verb) Subsribe (verb) Urge (verb) Memohon Meminta keterangan Meminta Gagap Mendesak Mengomeli Komat-kamit Berlangganan Memaksa/mendesak

Unit 6 It Should Be Like This

Quittting litter-bug habits Instance (obj) Annoyance (obj) Terrify (adj) Frighten (verb) Nuisance (obj) Irritating (obj) Tap Water (obj) Hike (verb) Tycoons (obj) Reliable (abj) Smuggling (verb) Buang sampah sembarangan Contoh Kejengkelan Takut Menakut-nakuti Gangguan Mengjengkelkan Air ledeng Kenaikan Hartawan Dapat dipercaya Menyelundupkan Enterpreneur (obj) Tend (adv) Bribe (verb) Prevent (verb) Effort (obj) Eradicate (verb) Distinction (obj) Frankly (adv) Abuse (verb) Siphon (verb) Sufficient fund (obj) Wirausaha Cenderung Menyogok Mencegah Usaha Membasmi Perbedaan Terus terang Menyalahgunakan Mengalihkan Dana yang cukup

Gerunds
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. As Subject : Reading book is fun. As Complement : My hobby is playing basketball. As Object of verb : I admit loving her. As Object of preposition(kata sifat/passive) : The old man was annoyed by their playing music As Noun Modifier (untuk) : a walking stick (A stick for walk)

Gerund/To Infinitive
Begin, Start, Continue Remember, Forget, Regret Allow, Forbid, Advise, Recommend Stop Try Like, Hate Mean Propose Need, Want, Require Tidak bisa (Know, undertand, Think, Believe, Realize) Telah Object Dari Coba Kebiasaan Menyebabkan Mengusulkan Pasif Semua Akan Object Untuk Berusaha Sekali atau setelah would Bermaksud Bermaksud Aktif

To Infinitive
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. -> Verb khusus -> WH question : I dont know how to get to your place -> Adjective : The weather is too hot to do anything noun modifier : I need a place to calm my mind tujuan melakukan sesuatu : we need some eggs to make omelet subjek asli yg digantikan it : Its nice to meet you

Infinitive Without To
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. -> auxiliary verbs present tense interogative / negative sentence kalimat perintah -> d rather/better -> (Let, Make, Have, Help, Know) kecuali pasif To infinitive -> verb of senses kecuali pasif To infinitive

PP (Present Participle)
1. Menggantikan Sub-Clauses a. Noun modifier i. PP -> noun : He acted just like a dying man (a man who was dying) . ii. Noun -> PP : The girl wearing (The girl who is wearing) blue skirt is my sister. b. Clause of reason (penyebab) (depan) She studies social studies hard because she wants to become a lawyer. Wanting to become a lawyer, she studies social studies hard. c. Clause of time (waktu) (depan) I saw a dead cobra while I was walking along the street one day. Walking along the street one day, I saw a dead cobra. 2. Menggaantikan Main Clauses a. Akibat (akhir) He fell downstairs and broke his legs. He fell downstairs, breaking his legs. b. Aktivitas tambahan yg bersamaan (dimanapun) The girl ran away. She cried when she ran away. The girl ran away, crying. Crying, The girl ran away.

c. Aktivitas yang lebih dahulu (depan) The lady opened the safe deposit box and took out a jewelry container. Opening the safe deposit box, the lady took out a jewelry container. d. Menghilangkan efek ambigu dgn mengubah poin b c 3. Kasus tertentu a. Verb of senses b. Membiarkan, Mendapatkan, Membelanjakan, Memboroskan c. Sit, Stand, Lie d. Go, Come (sambil, sport, rekreasi) e. Busy f. Subject + be + adverb of place + PP g. There + be + subject + PP

Question Tags
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Tag berlawanan dgn statement Ikuti semua tenses, modal dari statement Imperative(perintah) Will / Would Lets Shall __one/__body Them __thing It Gerund, To Infinitive, Noun clause It

Passive Voice
1. Pattern : S + P + O O + be + Verb 3 + by agent(subject) 2. Negative sentence : be/1st aux. verb -> not 3. Interogative sentece : be/1st aux. verb -> subject 4. Perfect continuous tense Perfect tense 5. 2 macam object: They gave me a 100-dollar voucher a. Direct object : I was given a 100-dollar voucher b. Indirect object : A 100-dollar voucher was given to me 6. Who by whom 7. Lihat cat. [Infinitive without to] untuk Help, Know, Make, dan verb of senses infinitive without to to infinitive jika kalimat pasif 8. 2 ways of passive: Subject + verb + that clause (People say that things become more expensive) a. It + be + Verb 3 + that clause (It is said that things become more expensive) b. Subject(from clause) + be + to verb 1(tenses sama)/ to have verb 3(tenses beda) i. Things are said to become more expensive ii. Things are said to have become more expensive (jika tenses beda) 9. 2 passives: a. Object(from clause) + be + verb 3 + to be verb 3(tenses sama) / to have been verb 3 (tenses beda) b. People generally assume that wealth brings about family happiness i. Family happiness is generally assumed to be brought by wealth ii. Family happiness is generally assumed to have been brought by wealth 10. Adjective clause yang menjelaskan object yang dipasifkan terus mengikuti dibelakang object

Adjective Clause
1. Defining AC a. Menjelaskan benda yang belum jelas b. Butuh koma (,) c. Boleh pake that 2. Non-Defining AC a. Menjelaskan benda yang sudah jelas b. Butuh koma (,) 3. Relative Pronoun a. S -> who b. O -> whom c. Possessive -> whose 4. At/In/On + Which menjelaskan waktu WHEN 5. At/In/On + Which menjelaskan tempat WHERE 6. Penghilangan relative clause a. Jika yang dijelaskan : object yang belum jelas (contact clause) b. Who/Which + be + Verb-ing/Verb 3 Who/Which + be (HILANGKAN) c. Jika yang dijelaskan : the first, the second, the most, dll. to infinitive d. Jika dalam AC ada modal to infinitive

Conditional Sentences
1. 2. 3. 4. Type 1 : S + Will + Verb 1 + if + S + Verb 1(s/es) Type 2 : S + Would + Verb 1 + if + S + Verb 2 (jika be harus selalu WERE) Type 3 : S + Would Have + Verb 3 + if + S + had + Verb 3 Notes: a. Jika If Clauses -> Main Clauses pake koma (,) b. If + not Unless c. If + had If HILANKGAN 5. Variasi a. Main Clause i. Type 1 : aux. verb ii. Type 2 : could / might iii. Type 3 : could / might / should b. If Clause i. Type 1 : Present Continuous / Present Perfect, Can / May / Must ii. Type 2 : Past Continuous / Could 6. Fungsi conditional sentences a. Type 1 : Real Future isi akan terjadi jika if true b. Type 2 : Present Unreal Isi tidak terjadi karena if false c. Type 3 : Past Unreal Sudah terjadi dan berlawan dengan isi dan if d. Mixed time : i. Past perfect (if) + type 2 (main) if false maka isi tidak terjadi skrg ii. Past tense (if) + type 1 (main) if masih tidak true maka isi belum terjadi skrg 7. Conditional Sentences vs Fakta a. Fakta present conditional sentences type 2 b. Fakta lampau conditional sentences type 3 c. Fakta mix time conditional sentences mix time d. Conditional Fakta