Molarity = M=

number of moles of solute Liter of solution

grams Molecular weight of the compound

The unit of molarity is M and is read molar: 5 M means 5 molar. Example: How many grams of NaOH are required to prepare 500 ml of 6.67 M of NaOH. To solve molarity problems: FIRST: Find the molecular weight of the substance (use the atomic mass of each atom) Na= 23; O=16; H=1 NaOH= 40 g/mol SECOND: Calculate the moles of the substance in the volume given Liters of solution x moles of the substance (the moles you need to make) 1 liter of solution 0.5 L x 6.67 mol NaOH = 3.34 mol NaOH 1 L solution THIRD: Use the molar mass to calculate the grams of NaOH Moles x grams (from calculated molecular weight) 1 mol 3.34 mol NaOH x 40.01 g NaOH = 133 g NaOH 1 mol Condensed formula (for those that think that it is better to memorize a formula): Liters of solution x moles of the substance x gr 1 liter of solution 1 mol Example 2: If you need to prepare a 5 M solution of MgSO4 (1 liter). Find the molecular weight of MgSO4. Mg = 24.3 g/mol x 1 = 24.3 g/mol S= 32 g/mol x 1 32 g/mol O = 16 g/mol x 4 64 g/mol Molecular weight 120.3 g/mol Liters of solution x 1 L x 5 mol 1L x moles of the substance 1 liter of solution 120.3 g 1 mol x gr 1 mol

= 601.5 grams of MgSO4 are put into a beaker with distilled water, the solution is mixed until the MgSO4 goes completely into solution. The volume is brought to one liter in a cylinder.

Another way of solving it Use this value to apply to the formula: 5 mol = gr (unknown) 120.3 g/mol Gr = 120.3 g/mol x 5 mol = 601.5 grams To make a 5 molar solution of MgSO4 we need to mix 601.5 grams into a volume of water smaller than a liter. Once mixed, we bring the total volume to 1 liter. If you need to prepare 500 ml of the solution. Since the 601.5 grams are required for a 1 liter solution that is 5 molar. To prepare 500 ml we will need 300.75 g. Another way of doing the calculation to make 500 ml of 5 M solution of MgSO4 5 mol x ( 120.3 g) x (500 ml) = 300.75 gr. 1 mol 1000 ml If using the formula given above: x 120.3 g = 300.75 gr 0.5 L x 5 mol 1L 1 mol Example 3. How K = 39 g/mol N = 14 g /mol O = 16 g/mol x 3 = would you prepare 100 ml of 0.25 M KNO3 solution? 39 g/mol 14 g/mol 48 g/mol 101 g/mol Using the formula given: x 101.3 g = 2.52 g 0.1 L x 0.25 mol 1L 1 mol

Another way to calculate it: 0.25 mol = gr 101.g/mol Gr = 101 x 0.25 = 25.25 g for 1 liter. Since we need 100 ml = 2.52 g dissolved in water and brought to a volume of 100 ml after all the KNO3 has been dissolved. Another way of doing the calculation: 0.25 mol x (101 g) x (100 ml) = 2.52 g 1 mol 1000 ml Example 4. how would you prepare 200 ml of a 0.8 M solution of ammonium chloride NH4Cl? N = 14 g/mol x 1 14 g/mol H = 1 g/mol x 4 4 g/mol Cl = 35.5 g/mol x 1 35.5 g/mol Total weight 53.5 g/mol

If using the formula given x 53.5 g 0.2 L x 0.8 mol 1L 1 mol

= 8.56 g

Another way of doing the calculations: Calculate what is needed: 0.8 M = gr 53.5 g/mol Gr = 0.8 mol x 53.5 g/mol Gr = 42.8 g needed to make 1 liter of 0.8 M. Since we need only 200 ml: 8.56 g dissolved in a volume of water smaller than 200 ml. Then bring the volume to 200 ml when the solute is totally dissolved. Now you have 200 ml of 0.8 M solution. Another way of doing the calculation: 0.8 mol (53.5 g) x (200 ml) = 8.56 g 1 mol 100 ml Example 5. How do you prepare a 1.5 liters of 3.5 molar solution of glucose C6H12O6? C = 12 g/mol x 6 = 72 g/mol H = 1 g/mol x 12 12 g/mol O = 16 g/mol x 6 96 g/mol Total weight 180 g/mol 945 g x

If using the formula x 180 g = 1.5 L x 3.5 mol 1L 1 mol

Another way of doing the calculation: 3.5 M = gr 180 g/mol Gr = 180 g/mol x 1.5 mol = 630 g needed to make one liter of 3.5 molar of glucose. Since you need to make 1.5 liters, you will need 945 g. Additional exercises: Do them step by step or using the formula given: 1. Prepare 500 ml of 0.5 M solution of KNO3 (potassium nitrate). Molecular weights: K=39; N=14; O=16 2. Prepare 1 liter of a 0.8 M solution of KMnO4 (potassium permanganate). Molecular weights: K=39; Mn=55; O=16 3. Prepare 300 ml of a 3 M solution of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Molecular weights Na=23; H=1; C=12; O=16) 4. Prepare 800 ml of a 2 M solution of sodium chloride (NaCl). Molecular weights: Na=23; Cl=35 5. Prepare 700 ml of a 5 M solution of silver nitrate (AgNO3). Molecular weights: Ag =108; N=14; O = 16)