Single Line Diagram:

System Data:
Local End:
Remote End:
Voltage: 132.00 kV
Circuit Length: 0.45 km
Max. Loading 25.50 MW
PF 0.90
Base Impedance: 174.24 =((KV)^2)/MVA
Max Loading: 123.93 A
Max. Fault Current 56.94 pu
Min.Fault Current 70.00 % of Max. fault current
Impedances: All values are total values in % on 100MVA base
R1 X1 R0 X0
9.31E-04 2.22E-03 2.33E-03 9.31E-03
Z1 Mag 0.00240363 pu
R0m X0m Z1 Angle 67.2114 Deg
0 0 Z0 Mag 0.0096 pu
Z0 Angle 75.9609 Deg
Max. Fault current 9920.79 A
Min. fault current 6944.553 A
Max.Fault MVA 13.0954428 MVA
Min.Fault MVA 9.16680996 MVA
Positive Phase Sequence Zero Phase Sequence
Mutual Zero Phase Sequence
Total Line
Imepdence (Z1) 0.02 In ohms
Zero Seq.
Impedence (Z0) 0.09 In ohms
Bina
400 KV
52 89 89
Gwalior400 KV
52
Bina
400 KV
52 89 89
Gwalior400 KV
52
Page: 2
CT Ratio: 150/1
Ratio Used: 150 /1
VT Prim Voltage: 132 (kV) Phase to Phase voltage
VT Sec Voltage: 110 (V) Phase to Phase voltage
VT Ratio: 1200 :1
Relay Rating: 1.0 Amp(s)
Element Used:
Ranges available Min - All Zones Reach - Max Step Size
0.02 500.00 0.01 values shown in secondary ohms
30 90 1 values shown in Degrees
Setting Criteria:
Distance protection shall be set as follows:
Zone 1
i) Reach at the line angle of 80% of the protected line
(ii) Time delay - 0 seconds
Zone 2
i) Reach at the line angle of 120% of the protected line
ii) Time delay of 0.5 seconds.
Zone 3
i) Reach at the line angle of 170% of the protected line
ii) Time delay of 1.0 seconds.
The Main Protection is a distance protection scheme using a D60 UR relay. The D30 consists of five phase and ground
distance zones of protection (either mho or quadrilateral characteristics). In addition to the Main protection, the D30 also
provides Powerswing Blocking, Directional Earth fault protection, Overvoltage protection, Fault Recording and VT
supervision.
DISTANCE
Min - Relay Char Ang - Max
Local End Remote End
FP1 UR Relay - D60
End A
CT
FP2
End B
CT
F1 F5 F1 F5
Page: 3
ZONE 1:
Phase Settings:
The relay characteristic angle should be set to match the characteristic angle of the protected line:
+ve sequence RCA = 67 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z1 RCA
zero sequence RCA = 67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 RCA
Direction of Zone = Forward Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z1 Direction
Shape of zone = Mho Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z1 Shape
Required zone 1 reach = 0.0188 sec = 0.8 * Z
Time Delay on zone 1 = 0.000 seconds Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z1 Delay
The Phase Distance Z1 Comp Limit setting can be used to shape the operating characteristic of the zone:
Comp Limit = 90 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z1 Comp Limit
The directional supervising function RCA and Comp Limit should be to the same as the distance element settings:
67 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z1 DIR RCA
90 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z1 DIR Comp Limit
Min Fault at 132 = 13.1 MVA
= 763.624
Zone 1 Reach = 0.0188
Fault at limit of zone 1 = 763.643
= 57 A
= 0.382 pu
Choose setting in range: 0 < Supervision < 0.382
Choose = 0.050 pu Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z1 Supervision
Ground Settings:
Direction of Zone = Forward Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Direction
Shape of zone = Quad Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Shape
Z0/Z1 Magnitude = 3.99 Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Z0/Z1 Mag
Z0/Z1 Angle = 9 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Z0/Z1 Ang
Ground distance reach = 0.02 sec Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Reach
Comp Limit = 90 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Comp Limit
Directional RCA = 67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 DIR RCA
Directional RCA Comp Limit = 90 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 DIR Comp Limit
0.01 sec Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Quad Right Bld
67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Quad Right Bld RCA
0.01 sec Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Quad Left Bld
67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Quad Left Bld RCA
0.050 pu Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Supervision
Time Delay on zone 1 = 0.000 seconds Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Delay
Note: Z0/Z1 Magnitude and Angle are used for zero sequence compensation of the ground fault element
The supervision function provides current supervision of the distance elements to avoid maloperation under fuse fail
conditions. It is set above load if possible, but below 95% of the current for a fault at the limit of Zone 1.
If the Fuse Fail function is arranged to block the distance function, then the setting shall be at minimum.
Blinder = Reach *( Tan(RCA) -
1/Sq.rt(3))/Tan(RCA
ZONE 2: Page: 4
Phase Settings:
The relay characteristic angle should be set to match the characteristic angle of the protected line:
+ve sequence RCA = 67 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z2 RCA
zero sequence RCA = 67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 RCA
Direction of Zone = Forward Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z2 Direction
Shape of zone = Mho Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z2 Shape
Required zone 2 reach = 0.0283 sec = 1.2 * Z
Time Delay on zone 2 = 0.500 seconds Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z2 Delay
The Phase Distance Z2 Comp Limit setting can be used to shape the operating characteristic of the zone:
Comp Limit = 90 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z2 Comp Limit
The directional supervising function RCA and Comp Limit should be to the same as the distance element settings:
67 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z2 DIR RCA
90 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z2 DIR Comp Limit
Min Fault 13.1 MVA
= 0.399
Zone 1 Reach = 3.7052
Fault at limit of zone 1 = 4.104
= 3517 A
= 3.517 pu
Choose setting in range: 0 < Supervision < 3.517
Choose = 0.050 pu Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z2 Supervision
Ground Settings:
Direction of Zone = Forward Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Direction
Shape of zone = Quad Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Shape
Z0/Z1 Magnitude = 3.99 Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Z0/Z2 Mag
Z0/Z1 Angle = 9 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Z0/Z2 Ang
Ground distance reach = 0.03 sec Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Reach
Comp Limit = 90 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Comp Limit
Directional RCA = 67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 DIR RCA
Directional RCA Comp Limit = 90 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 DIR Comp Limit
0.01 sec Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Quad Right Bld
67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Quad Right Bld RCA
0.01 sec Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Quad Left Bld
67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Quad Left Bld RCA
0.050 pu Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Supervision
Time Delay on zone 2 = 0.500 seconds Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Delay
Note: Z0/Z1 Magnitude and Angle are used for zero sequence compensation of the ground fault element
The supervision function provides current supervision of the distance elements to avoid maloperation under fuse fail
conditions. It is set above load if possible, but below 95% of the current for a fault at the limit of Zone 1.
If the Fuse Fail function is arranged to block the distance function, then the setting shall be at minimum.
ZONE 3: Page: 5
Phase Settings:
The relay characteristic angle should be set to match the characteristic angle of the protected line:
+ve sequence RCA = 67 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z3 RCA
zero sequence RCA = 67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 RCA
Direction of Zone = Forward Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z3 Direction
Shape of zone = Mho Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z3 Shape
Required zone 3 reach = 0.0400 sec = 1.7 * Z
Time Delay on zone 3 = 1.000 seconds Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z3 Delay
The Phase Distance Z3 Comp Limit setting can be used to shape the operating characteristic of the zone:
Comp Limit = 90 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z3 Comp Limit
The directional supervising function RCA and Comp Limit should be to the same as the distance element settings:
67 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z3 DIR RCA
90 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z3 DIR Comp Limit
The load blinder shall be set with the same RCA as above and the maximum allowable resistive reach:
Min Fault at 13.1 MVA
= 0.399
Zone 1 Reach = 3.7052
Fault at limit of zone 1 = 4.104
= 3517 A
= 23.440 pu
Choose setting in range: 0 < Supervision < 23.44
Choose = 0.050 pu Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z3 Supervision
Ground Settings:
Direction of Zone = Forward Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Direction
Shape of zone = Quad Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Shape
Z0/Z1 Magnitude = 3.99 Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Z0/Z1 Mag
Z0/Z1 Angle = 9.0000 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Z0/Z1 Ang
Ground distance reach = 0.04 sec Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Reach
Comp Limit = 90 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Comp Limit
Directional RCA = 67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 DIR RCA
Directional RCA Comp Limit = 90 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 DIR Comp Limit
0.02 sec Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Quad Right Bld
67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Quad Right Bld RCA
0.00 sec Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Quad Left Bld
67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Quad Left Bld RCA
0.050 pu Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Supervision
Time Delay on zone 3 = 1.000 seconds Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Delay
Note: Z0/Z1 Magnitude and Angle are used for zero sequence compensation of the ground fault element
The supervision function provides current supervision of the distance elements to avoid maloperation under fuse fail
conditions. It is set above load if possible, but below 95% of the current for a fault at the limit of Zone 1.
If the Fuse Fail function is arranged to block the distance function, then the setting shall be at minimum.
Blinder = sqrt(3)*Reach *(
Tan(RCA) -
Power Swing Blocking: Page: 6
The Power Swing Blocking function is required, therefore apply the following settings:
Is Power Swing Block Required: Yes
Enabled Setting = POWER SWING DETECT Function
Quad
Two step
0.05 pu
0.04 sec
0.04 sec Setting = Quad Fwd Out
87 Degrees Setting = Fwd Rca
0.01 sec Setting = Rev Reach
0.01 sec Setting = Quad Rev Out
0.04 sec Setting = Outer Rgt Bld
0.008 sec Setting = Outer Lft Bld
0.03 sec Setting = Inner Rgt Bld
0.006 sec Setting = inner Lft Bld
0.1 sec Setting = Delay 1 Pickup
0.05 sec Setting = Delay 1 Reset
ON Setting = Block Mode
Switch On To Fault
Min Fault at 132 = 9.2 MVA Less infeed from 0.45
Z fault = 3272.817 % = (3 * Z1s) + (2 * Z1ohl) + (Z0ohl)
3Io fault = 207.5 = 3 * Io
Required current setting = 159.6 A prim
= 1.064 pu
= 1.064 pu Setting = Phase IOC Line Pickup
Undervoltage setting = 0.850 pu Setting = UV Pickup
LEO Pickup Delay = 0.000 s Setting = Line End Open Pickup Delay
SOTF time = 0.200 s Setting = Line End Open Reset Delay
= 0.200 s Setting = OV Pickup Delay
High Speed AR Bypass = Enabled Setting = Autoreclose Coordination Bypass
Directional Earth Fault
Element Used:
Range available I Pickup Min I Pickup Max Step Size
0.000 30.000 0.001 values shown pu (of Relay Rating)
RCA -90 Deg 90 Deg 1 Deg
Required current setting = 437.386 A prim MVA/(Sqrt(3) X KV)
= 2.916 pu
RCA -15 Degrees
NEUTRAL EARTHFAULT DIR. OVERCURRENT
Setting = Shape
Setting = Mode
Setting = Supv
Blinder = Reach *( Tan(RCA) -
1/Sq.rt(3))/Tan(RCA)
Setting = Reach
VT Fuse Failure function: Page: 7
Function Enabled Setting = VT Fuse Failure Function
The associated time delay is set using TIMER 9
VT Fail Alarm Timer = 3 seconds Setting = TIMER 9 Pickup Delay
The VT fuse fail can be used to block the operation of the Main Protection:
Is VT Fuse Fail to block MP: Yes Normal setting is "Yes"
Enabled (Block ON) Setting = LATCH 3 Function
Phase Overvoltage
Element Used Stage1 for Alarm
Enabled Enabled Enabled
FxE 1 FxE 2 FxE 3 Setting = Flexielement Function
Vag RMS Vbg RMS Vcg RMS Setting = input
SIGNED SIGNED SIGNED Setting = Input Mode
LEVEL LEVEL LEVEL Setting = Compartor Mode
OVER OVER OVER Setting =Direction Type
1.150 pu 1.150 pu 1.150 pu Setting = Pickup Level
3.00% 3.00% 3.00% Setting = Hystersis
Element Used: Stage 2 For Trip
Measured Quantity = Setting = PHASE U/V1 Mode
Required Under volts setting = 1.200 pu Setting = PHASE U/V1 Pickup
Characteristic = Definite Time Setting = PHASE U/V1Curve
Time Delay = 0.00 Setting = PHASE U/V1 Delay
Minimum voltage = 0.300 Setting = PHASE U/V1
Phase to Ground
This is designed to detect the loss of either 1, 2 or all 3 phase voltages. To detect the loss of 1 or 2 phases, the relay looks
for a significant level of -ve sequence voltage, to detect loss of 3 phases, the relay looks for +ve sequence current and
insignificant +ve sequence voltage. The fuse fail alarm is inhibited for a fault condition.
As the settings for the voltage/current pickups are inbuilt to the relay, the only selectable setting for this function is to enable
or disable it.
Flexi element 1,2 & 3
PHASE OV1
UR Distance Quadrilateral Blinder at Load Angle Calculations Page: 8
Milliseconds Milliseconds Milliseconds Milliseconds
20 20 20 20
0.300 s 0.000 s 0.000 s 0.000 s
0.000 s 0.000 s 0.000 s 0.000 s
OFF OFF OFF OFF
Self-reset Self-reset Self-reset Self-reset
Enabled Disabled Disabled Disabled
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
|
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
|
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|

= = =
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
|
.
|

\
|
=
= =
|
.
|

\
|
= =
=
) ).( tan( . 2
3
1
) tan( . Re . 3
: And
3
1
) tan( . 3
) ).( tan( . 2
3
2
. ) 30 tan( . Re
3
1
) tan(
) ).( tan(
.
3
1
) .( ) tan( . ) tan(
: therefore , and meet, lines When
.
3
1
. ) 30 tan(
:
) .( ) tan( . ) tan(
:
BldStg BldRCA
BldRCA ach
BldStg
BldRCA
BldStg BldRCA
X X ach
BldRCA
BldStg BldRCA
X
X BldStg BldRCA X BldRCA
y y X x
x x y
Load
BldStg BldRCA x BldRCA y
Blinder
Blinder Setting
=BldStg
X
Load Angle=
30 Deg
Blinder RCA
= BldRCA
RCA
Load Line = Blinder Line
Reach
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
|
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
|
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|

= = =
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
|
.
|

\
|
=
= =
|
.
|

\
|
= =
=
) ).( tan( . 2
3
1
) tan( . Re . 3
: And
3
1
) tan( . 3
) ).( tan( . 2
3
2
. ) 30 tan( . Re
3
1
) tan(
) ).( tan(
.
3
1
) .( ) tan( . ) tan(
: therefore , and meet, lines When
.
3
1
. ) 30 tan(
:
) .( ) tan( . ) tan(
:
BldStg BldRCA
BldRCA ach
BldStg
BldRCA
BldStg BldRCA
X X ach
BldRCA
BldStg BldRCA
X
X BldStg BldRCA X BldRCA
y y X x
x x y
Load
BldStg BldRCA x BldRCA y
Blinder
Blinder Setting
=BldStg
X
Load Angle=
30 Deg
Blinder RCA
= BldRCA
RCA
Load Line = Blinder Line
Reach