Question No 1(a)(i) 1 ( a ) ( ii )

Description SAtoms of the same element which have same number of proton but different number of neutron // came proton number but different nucleon number 2.8.7 Period 4 V atom have four shells filled up with electrons PS4 1 1

Marks

1( a ) ( iii ) 1(b)(i) 1( b ) ( ii ) 1(c)(i) 1 ( c ) ( ii )

1 1 1 1 2

1(d)(i) 1( d ) ( ii ) 2(a) 2(b) (i) ( ii ) 2(c) 2(d)

V 2V + 2H2O 2VOH + H2 A formula that shows simplest / smallest / lowest / ratio no of mole of atoms of each element in the compound [Able to name suitable acid and metal and its equation] For example: Hydrochloric acid and zinc Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2 To dry hydrogen gas Hydrogen gas must be flowed / through / into the combustion tube for a few minutes before heating // flow of hydrogen gas must be continuous throughout the experiment

1 1 1

1 1 1 1

2(e)

Number of mole of copper =

1.62 = 0.025 mole 64 0.40 = 0.025 mole 16

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Number of mole of oxygen = 2 2 3 3 3 3 ( ( ( ( ( ( f) g) a) b) c)(i) c ) ( ii )

Empirical formula of copper(II) oxide is CuO Iron(II) oxide / Tin(II) oxide / Lead(II) oxide Burning of metal in excess oxygen Water displacement method Mg + H2SO4 MgSO4 + H2 Answer must be in range ( 0.317-0.325)cm3s-1

3(c) ( iii ) 3(d)(i)

Draw a tangent correctly Answer must be in range ( 0.1375 + 0.001 cm3s-1 ) The graph shows Curve with lower gradient Total volume of H2 gas is half of the volume of H2

1 1 1 1

3 ( d ) ( ii )

gas in Experiment I [able to explain in term of collision theory] The concentration // number of H+ per unit volume in hydrochloric acid is half Frequency of collision between magnesium atom and hydrogen ion decreases Frequency of effective collision also decreases 3H2 + N2 2NH3 Air Neutralization H2SO4 + 2NH3 (NH4)2SO4 // H2SO4 + 2NH4OH (NH4)2SO4 + H2O 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Tin 1 1 1

4 4 4 4

( ( ( (

a)(i) a ) ( ii ) b)(i) b ) ( ii )

4(b) ( iii ) 4(c)(i) 4 ( c ) ( ii )

No overlapping between the atoms 4(c) ( iii ) In pure copper the layer of atom are easily slide over each other when external force is applied on them The different size of foreign atoms in alloy are prevent the layers of atom from slide each other 5(a)(i) 5 ( a ) ( ii ) when external force is applied Magnesium oxide / magnesium / magnesium carbonate Hydrochloric acid 1 1 2 1 1

5(b)(i) 5 ( b ) ( ii )

Precipitation reaction // double decomposition reaction Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4 [formula of reactants correct] [formula of product correct] Number of mole of hydrochloric acid = 0.1 mol Number of mole of zinc chloride = 0.05 mol Mass of zinc chloride = 0.05 136 = 6.8 g Propanol C3H6 +H2O C3H7OH Dehydration Functional apparatus Labelled diagram : glass wool soaked with alcohol P / propanol , porcelain chips , delivery tube , a test tube invert in a basin of water to collect propene

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

5(c)

6 6 6 6

( ( ( (

a) b) c)(i) c ) ( ii )

6(d)(i) 6 ( d ) ( ii ) 6(d) ( iii ) 6 ( e )( i ) 6 ( e ) ( ii )

Oxidizing agent Oxidation Orange to green Esterification CH3COOC3H7OH

1 1 1 1 1

Section B 7 ( a ) 1. Hydrogen gas 1 2. 2H+ + 2e H2 1

(b) Properties 1. Type of cell 2. Energy change 3. Electrodes Cell A Voltaic cell Chemical electrical Positive terminal : Copper Negative terminal : 4 Ions in electrolytes 5. Half equation Magnesium Cu2+ , SO42- , H+ , OHPositive terminal : Cu2+ + 2e Cu Negative terminal : Mg Mg2+ + 2e Cell B Electrolytic cell 1 Electrical chemical 1 Anode : Copper Cathode : Copper 1 Cu2+ , SO42- , H+ , OHAnode : Cu Cu2+ + 2e 1 Cathode : Cu2+ + 2e Cu 6. Observation Positive terminal : Copper plate becomes thicker Negative terminal : Magnesium becomes thinner / dissolve 1 Anode : Copper dissolves // becomes thinner 1 Cathode : Copper becomes thicker 1 1

(c)(i) 1

improve the appearance // to make it more attractive

To prevent / reduce corrosion / rusting 1 ( ii ) Procedure :

1. iron ring is then connected to the negative plate on the battery while the silver plate is connected to the positive terminal of the battery // iron ring is made as cathode while silver plate is made as anode 1 2. both plates are immersed into the silver nitrate solution 1 3. the circuit is completed 1

Functional apparatus set-up 1 Label correctly : silver plate . silver nitrate solution , iron ring 1 Cathode : Ag+ +e Ag 1 Observation : Grey / silvery solid is deposited 1 Anode : Ag Ag+ + e 1 Observation : Anode / silver become thinner // dissolve 1 Question 8(a)(i) Description Acid A : Hydrochloric acid // nitric acid // sulphuric acid [accept any strong acid] Acid B : Ethanoic acid 8 ( a ) ( ii ) [accept any weak acid] 1. pH value of acid A is lower than pH value of acid B 2. Acid A ionises completely in water to produce a higher concentration of hydrogen ions. 3. Acid B ionises partially in water to produce a lower concentration of hydrogen ion 4. the concentration of hydrogen ions in acid A is higher than 8(b)(i) 8 ( b ) ( ii ) in acid B Solvent X : Water 1 Max : 3 1 1 1 1 1 Marks 1

Solvent Y : Benzene [accept any other suitable organic solvent] 1 In Beaker I: 1. Ethanoic acid ionises in water to form hydrogen ion 2. hydrogen ion in water react with calcium carbonate to produce carbon dioxide gas // CO32- + 2H+ H2O + CO2 1 1 1

3. Ethanoic acid does not ionises in Beaker II // Etahnoic acid exists as molecules in Beaker II // Hydrogen ions are not present in Beaker II to react with 8(c)(i) 8 ( c ) ( ii ) calcium carbonate in Beaker II Standard solution is the solution with known concentration Preparation of 250 cm3 of 1 mol dm-3 of sodium hydroxide solution Material : solid sodium hydroxide , distilled water // Apparatus : Electronic balance , beaker , 250cm3 volumetric flask , filter funnel , glass rod [accept from labelled diagram / description] Calculation : No of moles of NaOH =
1 250 1000

1 1 1

= 0.25 mol RFM of NaOH Mass of NaOH = 23 + 16 + 1 = 40 = 0.25 40 = 10 g Procedure : 1. Weigh 10g of solid sodium hydroxide and dissolve in 100 cm3 of distilled water in a beaker. 2. Stir the solution using a glass rod 3. Pour the solution into 250cm volumetric flask using a filter funnel 4. Rinse the beaker , filter funnel with distilled water and transfer the solution into volumetric flask. 5. Add distilled water drop by drop into the volumetric flask until reaches the graduation mark 6. stopper the volumetric flask and shake the volumetric flask 1 Max : 10 1
3

1 1 1 1

9(a)(i) 9 ( a ) ( ii ) 9 ( a ) ( iii ) 9(b)

Copper chloride Silver chloride Anion : chloride ion // ClCation : Copper (II) ion , Cu2+ Confirmatory test for zinc ion 1. zinc nitrate crystals is dissolved in distilled water 2. the solution obtained is poured into two different test tubes 3. for the first test tube, ammonia solution is added drop by

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

drop until excess 4. a white precipitate soluble in excess ammonia solution is formed. This confirms the presence of zinc ions, Zn2+ Confirmatory test for NO3- ions 1. Add dilute sulphuric acid followed by iron(II) sulphate solution 2. shake the test tube to mix well 3. slowly add concentrated sulphuric acid 4. brown ring is formed 9(c)(i) 9 ( c ) ( ii ) All soluble salt carbonate. eg : sodium carbonate 1. ( 25-50 ) cm3 of ( 0.5-2.0 ) moldm-3 magnesium sulphate solution is measured and is put into a beaker. 2. ( 25-50 ) cm3 of solution X is added into the beaker 3. the mixture is stirred by using a glass rod 4. the mixture is filtered to get the precipitate 5. the precipitate is rinsed with distilled water to remove impurities 9 ( c ) ( iii ) 6. the precipitate is then dried between 2 filter papers 1. ( 25-50 ) cm3 of dilute / ( 0.5-2.0 ) moldm-3 nitric acid is measured and poured into a beaker and is heated gently 2. the precipitate obtained from ( c ) ( ii ) is added into nitric acid a little at time until excess 3. the mixture is stirred by using a glass rod and filtered 4. the filtrate is poured into an evaporating dish and then is heated until saturated 5. the hot saturated solution is cooled 6. the crystal form is filtered 7. the crystal is pressed between filter papers to be dried 10 ( a ) ( i ) P : [Any metal situated above Cu in the ECS] Reject : potassium / sodium Q : Any acid either strong or weak acid [ chemical equation ] 1. correct formula of reactant and product 10 ( a ) ( ii ) 2. balance chemical equations Experiment I : 30/10 // 3 cm3s-1 Experiment II : 30/20 // 1.5 cm3s-1 [ unit must be correct ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Max : 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Max : 4 1 1 1 1 1 Max: 6 1 1 1

10 ( a ) ( iii )

1. rate of reaction in experiment I is higher than Experiment II 2. the concentration of acid in Experiment I more than in Experiment II // no of hydrogen ions per unit volume in Experiment I more than in Experiment II 3. Frequency of collision between hydrogen ion and metal P in Experiment I is higher than in Experiment II 4. Frequency of effective collision between particles in Experiment I is higher than in Experiment II Factor : Size of reactant 1. [ name the reactants used ] Example : Zinc / magnesium / calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid 2. pour ( 20-50 ) cm3 and acid* 1.0 mol dm-3 into a conical flask. 3. filled a burette with a water and inverted it over a basin of water and clamp a burette vertically using retort stand 4. initial burette reading is recorded 5. granulated / pieces of metal / metal carbonate is added into a conical flask. The conical flask is closed immediately with stopper and delivery tube 6. start the stopwatch 7. the volume of gas collected is recorded at 30 seconds intervals 8. step 1 to 8 is repeated by using a powder of metal / metal carbonate 9. results : Exp 1 : using a large piece of metal / metal carbonate Time (s) Volume of gas (cm3) 0 30 60 90

1 1 1 1

10 ( b )

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Exp II : using a powder of metal / metal carbonate Time (s) 0 30 60 90 Volume of gas (cm3) 10. sketch the graph of volume of gas against time for both experiment at same axes.

1 1

11. [gradient graph using powder is higher than large pieces] 12. rate of reaction using powder is higher than large pieces