Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete

Aqua, Chicago 2010

-C7-

REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE I C7-

The principal stresses and the cracks directions

(normal stresses)

(tangential stresses)

- principal tension stresses - principal compression stresses

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The reinforcements positions

The distribution of principal stresses across the span of a homogeneous concrete beam

shear reinforcements

stirrups (vertical shear reinforcement)

longitudinal reinforcement

bent up bars
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- Failures modes 1. normal sections the bending moment action

1.1. First, the longitudinal reinforcement yields, then increase the cracks widths and the deflection, and finally the compressed concrete is crushed.

1.2. The concrete is crushed before the reinforcements yielding, and the failure is not announced by a pronounced increase of cracks widths or deflection.

! only first type of failure is admissible

- Failures modes 2. inclined sections the bending moment + shear force action

2.1. The transversal reinforcements (stirrups and bent-up bars) yield the widths of inclined cracks increase, visible deformations appear, and finally the compressed concrete at the crack end is crushed. 2.2. The compressed concrete at the crack end or in the beam core (T-beam) is crushed without the transversal reinforcements yielding.

2.3. The transversal reinforcement lose the adherence to concrete.

2.4. The longitudinal reinforcement lose the adherence to concrete.

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! only first type of failure is admissible

The influence of the reinforcements in the inclined sections

1. beams without transverse reinforcements

steel yieldind

2. beams with transverse reinforcements

concrete crushing

reinforcements pulling out 6

(normal stresses) (tangential stresses)

Navier relation

Jurawski relation

Tz = V z

- the variation of the tangential stress for rectangular and T beams

The variation of tangential stress on the section height for double reinforced sections
simply reinforced section double reinforced section

equivalent section

rectagular section

-the static moment of the tension reinforcement cancel the static moment of the compressed concrete section.
simply reinforced section double reinforced section

T section

The variation of tangential stress on the section length

constant section height

linked variation

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The variation of tangential stress on the section length

variable section height (haunche = vuta)

variables
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(z is a fraction of h0)

dx

(+) if M and h0 increase in the same direction (-) if M and h0 increase in different directions

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The principal stresses in a simply reinforced section

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Design models to shear force 1. Tooth-Comb model (modelul dintelui de piaptan)

- this model is used to the beams without transverse reinforcements

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1. Tooth-Comb model

- shear resistance of a beam without transverse reinforcements is:

Shear in concrete

The shear component due to the dowel (dorn) effect Vertical component of the granulosity effect

EC2 :

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2. Arch with tie model (modelul arcului cu tirant)

continuous beams

simply supported beams

beam effect

arch effect

Zone between two adiacent cracks

If :

=>

=> and
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If :

=>

3. Strut and tie model (modelul grinzii cu zabrele)

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Stirrups as shear reinforcement

Stirrups and the analogous truss

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Shear design flow chart. (stirrups as transversal reinforcement) 1/2

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Shear design flow chart. (stirrups as transversal reinforcement) 2/2

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Bent-up bars

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