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Course Pro Forma Program Ijazah Sarjana Muda Perguruan Dengan Kepujian (Matematik Pendidikan Rendah) Course Title Action Research I Primary Mathematics (Methodology) (Penyelidikan Tindakan I Matematik Sekolah Rendah (Kaedah) MTE3113 3 (3+0) 45 hours English None One/Two 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Describe the educational research methods and their use in education. Explain the basic of research including types of educational research, research designs, procedure and ethics. Analyse and discuss current issues in education that can be investigated through action research. Discuss what is action research and its process. Acquire the skills of planning and implementing an action research in school. Acquire the skills of writing an action research proposal, report and journal article.

Course Code Credit Contact Hours Medium of Instruction Pre-requisite to entry Semester Learning Outcomes

Synopsis This course provides knowledge about the various research methods in education and the basic of educational research. It will also explore ways of acquiring the skills of planning an action research, implementing the research, analysing and interpreting the research data, and documenting the action research findings in a report or article. Kursus ini memberi pengetahuan tentang pelbagai kaedah penyelidikan dalam pendidikan dan asas penyelidikan. Ia juga meneroka cara-cara memperolehi kemahiran merancang dan melaksana satu kajian tindakan, menganalisis dan menginterpretasi data penyelidikan, dan kaedah mendokumentasi hasil penyelidikan tindakan dalam bentuk laporan atau kertas kerja kajian.

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Topic 1 Content An Introduction to research methods in education The aims of educational research Hours

The characteristics of educational research Approaches in educational research The positivist approach (quantitative) The interpretive approach (qualitative) Ethics of educational research
- The important aspects of research ethics - Ethical codes 2 Types of educational research Basic research Applied research Action research Evaluation research Introduction to various types of education research design Quantitative research Experimental Quasi-experimental Survey Correlational 3

Qualitative research Ethnography Case study Historical

3 Educational research procedure Choosing a research problem Determining the research objective Determining the research questions Determining the research hypotheses Reviewing the literature Planning the research design Determining the sampling procedure Constructing the research instrument Constructing the validity and reliability of the instrument Determining the data collection procedure Collecting data Analysing and interpreting the data Reporting the results and findings

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4 Action research Definition and concept The characteristics of action research The importance of action research Issues related to action research Models of action research - Stephen Kemmiss model - John Elliotts model - Dave Ebbutts model - Jack Whiteheads model - Jean Mcniffs model - Kurt Lewins model 5 Action research: The process Adapted from the models of Lewin, 1946 and Laidlaw,1992: Identifying an aspect of the educational practice to improve Planning an action Implementing the action Collecting the data Reflecting on the action (before, during and after the action) Taking further action Developing the second cycle of action research 6 Action research: Planning and proposal Context Focus / aspect of practice to improve Research questions Literature review Subjects of the study Action plan Implementation of action plan Data collection methods Reflection: Data analysis and interpretation Work schedule Budget Sources of reference Action research: Data collection methods Observation: : observer, participant-observer, participant Document analysis checklists Interview: structured, semi-structured, unstructured 3

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8 Action research: Data collection methods

Questionnaires Video and cassette recordings Logs Field notes Photographs Portfolios Anecdotal records Slides Journals Diaries

Action research: Data collection considerations Sampling, validity, reliability, bias Sampling and bias Validity: External critics (originality of the data) Internal critics (accuracy of the data) Data triangulation

Reliability- The generalisability of findings Ethics

10 Action research: data analysis Qualitative data Content analysis Categorising the data Coding the data Arranging the data into analysis grids Identifying the issues/assertions Further research activities Action research :data analysis Quantitative data Descriptive analysis: Frequency, percentage, mean, mod, median, standard deviation, correlation coefficient 12 Interpreting the action research data Integrating various sources of data Connecting the data with literature review Summarising the results and drawing conclusions Writing an action research report The context/background of the study Literature review Focus/ aspect of the practice to improve

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14 The action plan Implementation of action plan Data collection methods Data analysis and interpretation Reflection and implications Plan for further action Citation of references :American Psychological Association (APA)

Writing an action research article

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Abstract The context Research focus Action plan Implementation of action plan Data collection methods Data analysis and interpretation Reflection and implications The next step Bibliography

Ways of making action research data public

Seminars Publications Action research networks

Assessment Main Reference

Coursework 50% Examination 50% Cohen, L. , Manion, L. & Morrison, K. (2001). Research Methods in Education (5th. Eds.). London: Routledge Falmer. Creswell, J. W. (2005). Educational Research. Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative And Qualitative Research. Ohio: Prentice Hall.

Additional Reference

Fraenkel, J.R. & Wallen, N.E.(1990). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education. USA, McGraw-Hill Gillham, B. (2003). The Research Interview. London: Continuum. Jones, J. (2005). Management Skills in School. London: Paul Chapman Publishing. Kembar, D. (2000). Action Learning and Action research. London: Kogan Page. Mills, G. E. (2000). Action Research. A guide for the Teacher Researcher. Ohio: Prentice Hall. Macintyre, C. (2000). The Art of Action Research in the Classroom. London: David Fulton Publishers Ltd.

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