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Australian Standard

Voltage transformers for

measurement and protection
AS 1243—1982
 Represented on the committee which was responsible for the preparation of this standard
were the following:

Australian Electrical and Electronic Manufacturers Association

CSIRO, National Measurement Laboratory

Electrical testing laboratories

Electricity Supply Association of Australia

Railways of Australia Committee

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This standard, prepared by Committee EL/13, Measurement and Protection Transformers,

was approved on behalf of the Council of the Standards Association of Australia on
4 December 1981, and was published on 19 April 1982.

Review of Australian Standards. To keep abreast of progress in industry, Australian Standards are subject to
periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue of amendments or new editions as necessary. It is important
therefore that Standards users ensure that they are in possession of the latest edition, and any amendments thereto.
Full details of all Australian Standards and related publications will be found in the Standards Australia Catalogue
of Publications; this information is supplemented each month by the magazine ‘The Australian Standard’, which
subscribing members receive, and which gives details of new publications, new editions and amendments, and of
withdrawn Standards.
Suggestions for improvements to Australian Standards, addressed to the head office of Standards Australia, are
welcomed. Notification of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in an Australian Standard should be made without
delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken.

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 80158 to 80162.
 AS 1243—1982

Australian Standard
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Voltage transformers for

measurement and protection

First published . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1972

Second edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1982
Reprinted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1985

PUBLISHED BY STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

(STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA)
1 THE CRESCENT, HOMEBUSH, NSW 2140
ISBN 0 7262 2460 X
 AS 1243—1982 2

PREFACE

This edition of this standard was prepared by the
Association’s Committee on Measurement and Protection
Transformers to supersede AS 1243—1972.
The standard has been revised in recognition of
developments since 1972 and in order both to further its
alignment with IEC standards and to improve
comprehension by increased separation of less common
aspects from general aspects.
This edition differs from the first edition as follows:
(a) It makes reference to AS 1824, Insulation
Coordination, Part 1 — Basic Principles, Standard
Insulation Levels and Test Procedures, and
AS 1931, High Voltage Testing Techniques,
Part 1 — General Definitions, Test Requirements,
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This standard also differs from the IEC standard for
voltage transformers in such areas as rated voltage factor
for continuous operation, phase-error limits, and ranges
of compliance with error limits. In addition IEC
standards do not specify detailed requirements for
three-phase voltage transformers.
In the preparation of this standard reference was made to
the following publications:
IEC 186 Voltage Transformers (First edition (1969)
including Supplement A (1970) and
Amendment No. 1 (1978))
IEC 358 Coupling Capacitors and Capacitor Dividers
BS 3941 Voltage Transformers

Test Procedures and Measuring Devices. Acknowledgment is made of the assistance received
therefrom.
(b) The following (previously misleading) terms have
been changed: In the application of this standard, reference may be
necessary to the following Australian, IEC and British
(i) ‘Non-earthable’ voltage transformers are now standards:
referred to as being ‘uniformly insulated’ (see
Clause 1.3.2.8). AS 1000 The International System of Units (SI) and
Its Application
(ii) ‘Earthable’ voltage transformers are now
referred to as being ‘non-uniformly insulated’ AS 1013 Shunt Capacitors for Connection to Power
(see Clause 1.3.2.9). Frequency Systems
(c) The term ‘reference primary voltage’ has been AS 1018 Recommendations for Partial Discharge
discarded because it was not widely understood. Measurements
The term was previously introduced to refer to the
phase-to-neutral voltage associated with the rated AS 1024 Direct Recording Electrical Measuring
phase-to-phase voltage of three-phase Category B or Instruments and Their Accessories
Designation R voltage transformers. In this edition AS 1042 Direct-acti ng Indicat ing El ectrical
‘rated primary voltage’ has been redefined for this Measuring Instruments and Their
type of voltage transformer (see Clause 13.3.8). Accessories
(d) The whole voltage transformer is now required to AS 1046 Letter Symbols for Use in Electrotechnology
withstand the thermal effects of the most onerous Part 1—General
combination of rated voltage factor and rated
duration assigned to any secondary winding. AS 1052 Electromagnetic Interference Measuring
Equipment
(e) Particular requirements for single-phase Part 2—Equipment for the Frequency Range
electromagnetic voltage transformers are now 0.15 MHz to 1000 MHz
specified separately (see Section 2).
AS 1255 Met hods of Test for El ectrical
(f) Category of performance and secondary residual Characteristics of Solid Plastics Insulating
voltage are now restricted to three-phase voltage materials
transformers (see Section 4). Part 4 —Method 4—Determination of the
(g) Particular requirements for Designation L voltage Permittivity and Dielectric
transformers are now specified separately (see Dissipation Factor at Power, Audio
Section 5). and Radio Frequencies up to
300 MHz
(h) The symbol for voltage is now U in accordance
with AS 1046, Part 1, published in 1978. AS 1265 Bushings for Alternating Voltages above
Previously it was V. However, the symbol V is 1000 V
retained for the unit volt (see AS 1000). AS 1284 Electricity Meters
(j) The measurement of partial discharges and their AS 1306 High Voltage Isolators (Disconnectors) and
permissible levels have been specified as a routine Earthing Switches
test for certain HV voltage transformers (see
Clause 1.14.5). AS 1384 Transducers for Electrical Measurements
(k) A method for measuring radio influence voltage is AS 1767 Insulating Oil for Transformers and
included but no limits are specified (see Switchgear
Clause 1.16). AS 1824 Insulation Coordination
(l) Mention is made of measurements of dielectric Part 1—Basic Principles, Standard
dissipation factor (tangent delta) but no Insulation Levels and Test
recommendations are included (see Clause 1.14.7). Procedures
 3 AS 1243—1982

AS 1931 High Voltage Testing Techniques
Part 1—General Definitions, Test
Requirements, Test Procedures
and Measuring Devices
AS 2006 High Voltage Alternating Current
Circuit-breakers
AS 2481 Al l -or-not hi ng E l ect ri cal R el ays
(Instantaneous and Timing Relays)
AS 2532 Current and Voltage Transformers for
Measurement and Protect i on —
Measurement of Partial Discharges
AS 3100 Approval and Test Specification for
Definitions and General Requirements for
Electrical Materials and Equipment
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AS C320* Classification of Insulating Materials for
Electrical Machinery and Apparatus on the
Basis of Thermal Stability in Service
IEC 44 Instrument Transformers
Part 4—Measurement of Partial Discharges
IEC 358 Coupling Capacitors and Capacitor Dividers
IEC 445 Identification of Apparatus Terminals and
General Rules for a Uniform System of
Terminal Marking, Using an Alphanumeric
Notation
IEC 481 Coupling Devices for Power Line Carrier
Systems
BS 1858 Bitumen Based Filling Compounds for
Electrical Purposes

* Superseded by AS 2768—1985, Electrical Insulating Materials—Evaluation and Classification Based on Thermal Endurance

 Copyright STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

Users of Standards are reminded that copyright subsists in all Standards Australia publications and software. Except where the Copyright Act
allows and except where provided for below no publications or software produced by Standards Australia may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system in any form or transmitted by any means without prior permission in writing from Standards Australia. Permission may be
conditional on an appropriate royalty payment. Requests for permission and information on commercial software royalties should be directed
to the head office of Standards Australia.
Standards Australia will permit up to 10 percent of the technical content pages of a Standard to be copied for use exclusively in-house
by purchasers of the Standard without payment of a royalty or advice to Standards Australia.
Standards Australia will also permit the inclusion of its copyright material in computer software programs for no royalty payment
provided such programs are used exclusively in-house by the creators of the programs.
Care should be taken to ensure that material used is from the current edition of the Standard and that it is updated whenever the Standard is
amended or revised. The number and date of the Standard should therefore be clearly identified.
The use of material in print form or in computer software programs to be used commercially, with or without payment, or in commercial
contracts is subject to the payment of a royalty. This policy may be varied by Standards Australia at any time.
 AS 1243—1982 4

CONTENTS

Page Page

SECTION 1. SCOPE AND GENERAL SECTION 4. THREE-PHASE VOLTAGE

REQUIREMENTS TRANSFORMERS

1.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4.1 Scope of Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

1.2 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4.2 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1.3 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4.3 Category of Performance . . . . . . . . 22
1.4 Service Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4.4 Rated Voltages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1.5 Rated Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4.5 Rated Burden and Output . . . . . . . 22
1.6 Rated Insulation Level (RIL) . . . . . 8 4.6 Rated Voltage Factor and Rated
1.7 Rated Primary Voltage . . . . . . . . . 8 Duration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 22
1.8 Overvoltage Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4.7 Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 22
1.9 Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4.8 Terminal Markings . . . . . . . . . ... 24
1.10 Temperature Rise . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4.9 Terminal Positions . . . . . . . . . ... 24
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1.11 Current Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4.10 Routine Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 24

1.12 Secondary Windings . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4.11 Type Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 26
1.13 Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.14 Routine Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 SECTION 5. DESIGNATION L VOLTAGE
1.15 Type Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 TRANSFORMERS
1.16 Special Type Test—Radio Influence
Voltage (RIV) Test . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5.1 Scope of Section . . . . . . . . . . . .. 28
1.17 Commissioning Tests . . . . . . . . . . 16 5.2 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 28
5.3 Rated Primary Voltage . . . . . . . .. 28
SECTION 2. SINGLE-PHASE ELECTROMAGNETIC 5.4 Rated Secondary Voltages . . . . . .. 28
VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS 5.5 Rated Burden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 28
5.6 Rated Voltage Factor and Rated
2.1 Scope of Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Duration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 28
2.2 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 5.7 Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 28
2.3 Rated Secondary Voltage . . . . . . . . 17 5.8 Terminal Markings . . . . . . . . . ... 28
2.4 Rated Burden and Output . . . . . . . 17 5.9 Accuracy Testing of Uniformly
2.5 Rated Voltage Factor and Rated Insulated Designation L VTs . . ... 28
Duration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.6 Terminal Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 APPENDICES
2.7 Type Testing of Single-phase Uniformly
Insulated VTs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 A Service Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
B Guidance in the Selection of Rated
SECTION 3. CAPACITOR VOLTAGE Voltage Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
TRANSFORMERS C Classes of Accuracy and Their
Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.1 Scope of Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 D Derivation of Errors at Differing
3.2 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Burdens and Power Factors . . . . . . 34
3.3 Rated Secondary Voltage . . . . . . . . 19 E Temperature Measurements . . . . . . 37
3.4 Rated Burden and Output . . . . . . . 19 F Detection of Insulation Failure During
3.5 Rated Voltage Factor and Rated an Impulse Voltage Withstand Test . 39
Duration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 G Determination of Primary and
3.6 Special Requirements . . . . . . . . . . 19 Secondary Currents . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.7 Conditions for Compliance with H Determination of Temperature
Error Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Coefficients of Error . . . . . . . . . . . 44
3.8 Terminal Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 J Method of Test for Radio Influence
3.9 Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Voltage (RIV) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
3.10 Transient Response to Primary K Residual Voltage Windings . . . . . . 47
Short-circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 L Accuracy Tests on Three-phase VTs 49
3.11 Ferro-resonance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 M System Voltages Under Unsymmetrical
3.12 Overvoltage Protective Device . . . . 20 Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
3.13 Routine Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 N Information to be Supplied with
3.14 Type Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Enquiry and Order . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
3.15 Commissioning Tests . . . . . . . . . . 21 O Alphabetical Index of Defined Terms 58
 5 AS 1243—1982
STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA
Australian Standard
for
VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS FOR MEASUREMENT AND PROTECTION
SECTION 1. SCOPE AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
1.1 SCOPE. This standard specifies requirements for
voltage transformers for use with electrical measuring
instruments and electrical protection devices such as are
covered, in general, by the following Australian
standards:
AS 1284 Electricity Meters
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AS 1024 Direct Recording Electrical Measuring
Instruments and Their Accessories
AS 1042 Direct-acting Indicating Electrical Measuring
Instruments and Their Accessories
AS 1384 Transducers for Electrical Measurements
AS 2481 All-or-nothing Electrical Relays.
NOTES:
1. Throughout this standard, the words ‘voltage transformer’ are
abbreviated to VT and ‘capacitor voltage transformer’ to CVT.
(The plurals are VTs and CVTs respectively.)
2. In order to facilitate the specification and purchase of VTs, the
standard also lists information which should be supplied with
enquiry and order (see Appendix N).
3. Particular attention is drawn to the Foreword to AS 1384
concerning possible peculiarities in the burdens imposed on VTs
by certain transducers.
1.2 APPLICATION. All voltage transformers shall
comply with the relevant requirements of Section 1, and
with the relevant requirements of the following Sections,
as applicable:
(a) Single-phase electromagnetic voltage transformers
.. Section 2.
(b) Capacitor voltage transformers .. Section 3.
NOTE: This standard does not apply to capacitor voltage
transformers in which the capacitance of the high-voltage capacitor
is such that outputs greater than 10 V.A cannot be obtained,
although some of the clauses may apply to such devices.
(c) Three-phase voltage transformers . . Section 4.
(d) Voltage transformers for laboratory use
(Designation L) .. Section 5.
1.3 DEFINITIONS.
1.3.1 General. For the purpose of this standard the
following definitions apply. For convenience the
definitions are indexed in two forms; the Index hereunder
lists the aspect groupings and Appendix O lists the
individual terms.
Clauses 1.3.2 to 1.3.6 detail the definitions in full.
Definitions relating to See Clause
Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.2
CVTs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.5
Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.3
Residual voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.6
Service conditions of a three-phase system . . . . 1.3.4
COPYRIGHT
1.3.2 Definitions Relating to Construction.
1.3.2.1 Voltage transformer (VT)—a transformer, for use
with electrical measuring instruments and/or electrical
protection devices, for the transformation of voltage and
in which the voltage across the secondary terminals is,
within prescribed error limits, proportional to and in
phase with the voltage across the primary terminals.
A three-phase VT, or a three-phase group of single-phase
VTs, may also have secondary windings connected to
develop secondary residual voltage. These windings may
be either broken-delta connected, or wound on the
additional limbs of a 5-limb three-phase VT.
1.3.2.2 Electromagnetic voltage transformer—a VT
consisting of a magnetic core and two or more windings.
1.3.2.3 Capacitor voltage transformer (CVT)—a VT
comprising a capacitor voltage divider (CVD) and an
electromagnetic unit (EMU). (See Clause 1.3.5 and
Fig. 1.1.)
1.3.2.4 Winding—the assembly of turns forming an
electrical circuit associated with a primary or secondary
voltage assigned to a VT.
NOTE: A simple three-phase VT has two windings (a primary
winding and a secondary winding), not six windings.
1.3.2.5 Primary winding (of an electromagnetic
VT)— the winding to which is applied the voltage to be
transformed.
1.3.2.6 Secondary winding—a winding in which the
transformed voltage is developed.
1.3.2.7 Secondary circuit—the external circuit supplied
by the secondary winding of a VT.
1.3.2.8 Uniformly insulated VT*—a VT having all
primary terminals of equal rated insulation level. (See
Clause 1.3.3.12.)
1.3.2.9 Non-uniformly insulated VT†—a VT having one
primary terminal intended for direct or indirect
connection to earth, which terminal being assigned a
lower rated insulation level than the other primary
terminal(s).
1.3.2.10 Broken-delta connection—the connection, in
delta, of three secondary windings of either a three-phase
VT or a three-phase group of single-phase VTs, one of
the connections making the delta being open for the
purpose of supplying a secondary circuit.
* Previously known as ‘non-earthable VT’.
† Previously known as ‘earthable VT’.
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AS 1243-1982, Voltage transformers for

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