ICP Second Semester Test Review

The following is a list of the test reviews I have given to you for each chapter this semester. You should already have the answers to these questions as we reviewed them in class together during each chapter. I have changed the math problems, so that you can work them out with new numbers. As you study for the semester test, I would suggest you review the test reviews you have already completed for each chapter. Then use the following as practice test questions. On questions you already know, skip over them, focus on the material that you need to review. The only new material on this list are the questions from the Energy Unit at the end. Chapter 11 Motion Section 11-1 1) How is a frame of reference used to describe motion? 2) What is the difference between speed and velocity? 3) What is the difference between distance and displacement? Draw an example.
4) Find the velocity in m/s of a person rowing a boat 100 m away from

shore to an island in 30 seconds.

5) A person walking has an average speed of 1.4 m/s. How long would it

take that person to walk 5 km? 6) The slope of a distance vs. time graph equals __________________. 7) On p. 390, do Interpreting Graphics #12,13,14. 8) What changes when an object accelerates? Section 11-2 9) Why is a person on a Ferris wheel which is rotating at a constant speed considered to be accelerating? What type of acceleration is this? 10) Acceleration is ________ when slowing down.

11) Find the average acceleration of an eastbound train that speeds up

from 6 m/s to 45 m/s in 4.1 seconds.

12) Patricks car accelerates at an average rate of 3.1 m/s2. How long will it

take his car to speed up from 20.0 m/s to 30.0 m/s? 13) The slope on a straight line on a speed vs. time graph is equal to __________________. 14) On p. 391, do Graphing Skills #25,26.

Section 11-3

15) Any action that can change the state of motion of an object is a __________. 16) List the four fundamental forces in nature. Which two do you experience directly every day? 17) The ___________ force is the strongest of all forces, but works only on very short distances like in the atom. 18) The gravitational force is much ____________ than the electromagnetic force. 19) Which two forces work over long distances?

20) When forces applied to an object produce a net force of zero, the forces are _____________. 21) 22) 23) 24) What happens when an unbalanced force acts on an object? What is the difference between static friction and kinetic friction? What is the difference between sliding friction and rolling friction? How can unwanted friction be reduced?

25) How can friction be increased on an icy road? How do your tennis shoes increase friction between you and the floor?

Chapter 12 Forces

26) 27) 28) 29) 30) 31) 32) 33) 34) 35) 36) 37) 38) 39)

What variables affect gravitational force? Newtons first law states that an object maintains a constant Which of Newtons laws is F = m a ? What is the formula for weight? What can be predicted using the law of conservation of When is terminal velocity reached? If the surface area of a falling object increases, what will also The object with the greatest mass has the greatest ________. What objects have a gravitational force? What can result from forward motion and free fall? What must an object be doing in order to have momentum? Momentum ii often called ________ in motion. What is the reaction force when a book is placed on a table? What is the numerical value of the acceleration due to gravity

velocity unless

momentum?

increase?

near the surface of the earth?

40) What force always opposes motion? 41) A 1200 kg car accelerates when the light turns green. If the net force

on the car is 3000 N, what is the cars acceleration?

42)A 30 N force accelerates a boy in a wheelchair at 0.8 m/s2 What is the

mass of the boy and his wheelchair?

43) An astronaut has a mass of 120 kg. What is his weight on Earth where

the acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s2?

44) A 0.054 kg golf ball is flying at a speed of 70.0 m/s. What is its

momentum?
45)A 8.0 kg bowling ball is rolling at a speed of 5.0 m/s. What is its

momentum? 46) In the previous examples, which has more momentum the slow moving bowling ball or the fast moving golf ball? Explain.

47)A 2000 kg truck moving east at 20 m/s collides with a 3000 kg truck

which is stalled in the road. They stick together as a result of the collision. What is their final velocity?
48) A ball is dropped from a 50.0 m balcony. How long until the ball hits the

floor?

Chapter 13 Work and Energy Section 13.1 49) 50) How is work calculated? What is the relationship between work and power?

51)A mechanic uses a hydraulic lift to raise a 20,000 N truck 2.0 m off the

ground. How much work does the lift do on the truck? 52) 53) Units for work include 1 Nm = 1 ______ = 1 _______________ Units for power include 1 J/s = 1 ___________

54)While exercising with a rowing machine, Joni does 4000 J of work on the

oars in 35.0 s. What is her power output in watts? 55) high.

57)A person is using 300 N of force to push a box up a ramp into a truck. If

How do machines make work easier?

56)Find the mechanical advantage of a ramp that is 20.0 m long and 1.0 m

lifting the box straight up into the truck requires a force of 800 N, what is the mechanical advantage of the ramp? Section 13.2 58) 59) 60) 61) 62) List three machines in the lever family. List three machines in the inclined plane family. Why is a wheelbarrow an example of a second class lever? Why is a teeter totter an example of a first class lever? Why is your forearm an example of a third class lever?

63) A compound machine combines two or more __________________ machines.

Section 13.3

64) 65) 66) 67)

What is the relationship between energy and work? What unit is used for energy? What type of energy does stretching a rubber band have? What type of energy does a roller coaster at the top of a hill have?

68)If an 80 kg skier is at the top of a 70 m hill, what is her gravitational

potential energy? 69) Kinetic energy depends on both ___________ and _____________.

70)If the 80kg skier is skiing at a speed of 2 m/s, what is her kinetic energy?

71) Mechanical energy is the sum of __________ and ___________ in a system. 72) Food that you eat has a special type of potential energy called _____________ energy. 73) List several forms of nonmechanical energy and give an example of each.

Section 13.4

74) Using a roller coaster as an example, describe how energy is transformed or converted during the ride. 75) State the Law of Conservation of Energy.

76) Because of friction and air resistance, what happens to some of the mechanical energy of the roller coaster as it rolls? 77) What is the difference between an open system and a closed system?

Chapter 14 Heat and Temperature

Section 14.1

78) 79)

What is the relationship between temperature and energy? Make the following conversions:
a) Convert 20o F to oC and to K b) Convert 150oC to K c) Convert 40 oC to d) Convert 678 K
o

80)

What is absolute zero?

81) The energy transferred between objects with different temperatures is called ___________. Section 14.2 82) ____________ occurs between objects in direct contact, an example is _______________. 83) Energy transfer resulting from the movement of warm fluids (liquids or gases) is called________________. An example is ___________________. 84) Energy transferred as electromagnetic waves is called ______________. An example is _____________________. 85) What is the only way energy can be transferred through a vacuum like outer space? 86) What is the only method of energy transfer that doesnt involve the movement of matter? 87) 88) 89) Define and give an example of a good conductor of heat. Define and give an example of a good insulator. What makes a substance a good conductor or a good insulator?

90)How much energy must be transferred as heat to 550 kg of water in a

small pool in order to raise the waters temperature from 25 oC to 30 oC?

91) 92)

During a phase change temperature does or does not change? Why does sweating cool off your skin?

Section 14.3
93)State the 1st Law of Thermodynamics. 94)State the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.

95) Processes in which energy is transferred by work are called ____________________ processes. 96) If you rub your hands together they get hot because of __________________________. 97) The measure of disorder in a system is called ___________________.

Chapter 15 Waves Section 15.1 98) A wave is a disturbance that carries ______________ through matter or space. 99) a) b) c) d) Identify the medium for the following waves ripples on a pond seismic waves sound waves as your teacher speaks with you waves through your slinky

100) What is the only type of wave that doesnt require a medium? 101) You drop a pebble in a pond. The waves spread out in circles. Each of these circles is called a wave ___________ which carry the _______________(same or different) amounts of energy. 102) Sounds produced by a singer are caused by ___________ vocal cords. 103) What is the source of most waves? 104) In transverse waves, wave motion is _______________ to particle motion. 105) In longitudinal waves, wave motion is ____________________ to particle motion.

106) 107) 108)

Sound is a type of _______________ wave. Light is a type of _______________ wave. Draw a transverse wave, label the crest and trough. 109) Draw a longitudinal wave, label the compressions and rarefactions. 110) Give an example of surface wave and describe the motion of particles in the surface wave. Section 15.2

111) Ideal transverse waves have the shape of a sine curve. Draw a sine curve and label its amplitude. 112) How is the wavelength of a transverse wave measured? 113) How is the wavelength of a longitudinal wave measured? 114) The ___________ the amplitude of the wave, the more energy it carries. 115) The ___________ the wavelength of a wave, the more energy it carries. 116) Why do elephants communicate with low frequency sounds and not high frequency sounds? (Hint: they live on wide open savannas) 117) Distinguish between each of the following and include symbols and SI units for each. a) period b) frequency c) wave speed d) wavelength
118) 119)

If a period of a wave is 5 seconds, what is its frequency?

Calculate the frequency of microwaves that have a wavelength of 0.0085 m and a speed of 3.00 x 1010 Hz. The speed of sound in air is about 340 m/s. What is the wavelength of a sound wave with a frequency of 560 Hz? What is the speed of a wave with a frequency of 400 Hz and a wavelength of 0.5 meters? Why do sound waves travel faster in water than in air? Why cant sound waves travel through space?

120)

121)

122) 123)

124) The speed of a wave depends on the medium. However, in a given medium, the speed of waves is ___________. 125) The different colors of visible light have __________________(the same or different) frequencies. 126) As the frequency of light increases, the wavelength ___________________. 127) The ____________ changes when the source of a wave is moving. This is called the ___________ Effect. Section 15.3 128) Light bouncing off the water is an example of __________________. 129) Sound waves bending around a doorway is an example of ___________________. 130) The bending of waves as they pass from one medium to another is ______________. 131) How is diffraction different from refraction? 132) Interaction of waves is called ____________. 133) When the crests of waves overlap, this produces ___________________ interference and amplitude is _______________. 134) When the crest of a wave overlaps with the trough of another wave, this produces __________________ interference and amplitude is ________________ 135) When tuning a piano, the technician listen for interference of sound waves called __________ 136) On a standing wave, the points of no vibrations are called ____________ and points of maximum vibrations are called ___________________. Chapter 16 Sound and Light Section 16.1

137) Sound waves are caused by _______________ and carry energy through a ____________. 138) What type of wave are sound waves? 139) Why do sound waves travel faster through water and slower through air? 140) How can temperature affect the speed of sound? 141) Loudness is determined by _______________. 142) The intensity of the sound wave depends on the _____________ of the sound wave and your ______________ from the source of the sound.

143) ____________ is how high or how low a sound is and depends on the sound waves ______. 144) What is the difference between infrasound and ultrasound? 145) Musical instruments use __________________ to amplify the sound. 146) Resonance happens when two objects naturally vibrate at the same ___________________. 147) Look at Figure 6 on page 549, and trace the path of sound waves from your outer ear to the basilar membrane. 148) The __________________ ______________________ vibrates and sends signals to the brain for you to interpret as sound. 149) Why is ultrasound a useful imaging technique for medicine? 150) How do ships use sonar? Section 16.2

151) Describe some evidence that light is wave-like. 152) Describe some evidence that light is particle-like. 153) The amount of energy carried by photons is proportional to the _______________ of the corresponding electromagnetic wave. 154) Red light compared to blue light has a _______________ wavelength, so ___________ frequency, and ______________ energy. 155) Ultraviolet light compared to visible light has a _______________ wavelength, so ___________ frequency, and ______________ energy. 156) Light _____________(does/does not) need a medium through which to travel. 157) Why does light travel slower through water than through air? 158) What does the intensity of light depend on? Explain using a light bulb as an example. 159) The electromagnetic spectrum is illustrated in Figure 6 on p. 556557. a) Which wave has the longest wavelength but least energy? b) Which wave has the shortest wavelength but most energy? c) How does visible light compare to the other types of waves? d) For each of the types of waves list at least two uses radio waves microwaves infrared waves visible light ultraviolet light

X rays gamma rays

Section 16-3

160) Rough surfaces reflect light in ___________ direction(s). An example is ________________. 161) Smooth surfaces reflect light in ___________ direction(s). An example is ________________. 162) The Law of Reflection states that the angle of ______________ equals the angle of __________________. Draw and label a picture illustrating this law. 163) When viewing yourself in a flat mirror, your image seems to be behind the mirror. This is an example of a _______________ image. 164) Convex mirrors bulge _________ (in/out). They make images appear ________________ (smaller/larger) than they really are. An example of a convex mirror is a _________________________________________. 165) Concave mirrors are _____________ mirrors. Concave mirrors can form one of two kinds of images. They may form a ____________________ image behind the mirror or a _______________ image in front of the mirror. An example of a concave mirror is a __________________________. *** Note: A good review of curved mirrors is the Quick Lab on p. 563. You can do this lab again at home with a large spoon. It will really help you remember concave and convex mirrors.

166) Why are plants green? What colors of light do they reflect and which do they absorb? 167) When green, red, and blue light are mixed, what color is formed? Why? 168) When green, red, and blue pigments or filters are mixed, what color is formed? Why? Section 16.4

169)

Why do light waves bend when changing mediums?

170) When moving from air to water, the light is bent ______________(towards/away from) the normal. 171) When moving from water to air, the light is bent ______________(towards/away from) the normal. 172) ________________ makes objects appear to be in different positions. The images produced are ____________ (real/virtual) images. 173) Why do mirages form in the desert or on a hot road? 174) Converging lenses bend images _______________ (inward/outward) and can create _________________ (real images, virtual images, or either type of images). 175) Diverging lenses bend images ______________ (inward/outward) and can create _________________ (real images, virtual images, or either type of images). 176) Both the __________ and the ____________ can refract the light entering the eye. 177) Trace the path of light entering the eye. 178) The lens of the eye is made of _________________, and _______________ can change the shape of the lens. 179) In the retina, ___________ detect color and ______________ detect light and dark. 180) White light separates into different colors when passing through a prism because of ______________________________________. Chapter 17 Electricity Section 17-1 181) 182) 183) What are the different kinds of electric charge? How do materials become charged when rubbed together? What force is responsible for most everyday forces?

184) Compare and contrast a conductor and insulator. Give an example of each. 185) List three ways that a charge can be transferred.

186) A negatively charged rod brought near a metal doorknob induces a ____________ charge on the side of the doorknob closest to the metal rod. 187) A positive charge placed in the electric field due to a positive charged would be ___________________________.

188) A positive charge placed in the electric field due to a negative charge would be ________________________________.

Section 17-2

189) The ability to move an electric charge from one point to another is ____________ ____________ ______________. 190) How does distance influence the electric potential energy difference between charges? 191) For each of the following, define and list the symbol and unit a) Voltage b) Current c) Resistance d) Power 192) What it the difference between conventional current and electron flow? 193) What has more electrical resistance in its filament, a brighter or dimmer light bulb?
194)

Find the resistance of a lamp that uses 130 volts and draws a current of 2.2 A.

195) Conductors have ____________ resistance and insulators have _______________ resistance. 196) Rank the following in the order of least resistance to highest resistance: insulators, conductors, superconductors, and semiconductors.

Section 17-3

197) Draw a parallel circuit and a series circuit with two light bulbs each. How are these circuits different from each other? 198) 199)
200)

What do switches do to a circuit? How is an open circuit different from a closed circuit?

A electric mixer draws 12 A of current when plugged into a 120 V outlet. What is the power of the mixer? A television has a power rating of 400 W. How much current is in the television when it is connected across 120 V? What is the purpose of a circuit breaker and how does it work?

201)

202)

Chapter 18 Magnetism Section 18-1 203) What happens if the poles of two magnets are brought close together? 204) Lodestone and magnetite are both naturally occurring ________________ magnets. 205) 206) 207)
208)

Moving charges create ________________ __________________. What is a magnetic domain? How are domains arranged in a magnetized substance? Draw the magnetic field around a permanent magnet.

209) Magnetic field lines that are far apart indicate ________________________, while magnetic field lines that are far apart indicate _______________________________. 210) 211) Where is a magnets force the strongest? How do the earths magnetic and geographic poles compare?

212) The ______________ the distance between a nail and a magnet the weaker the nails a magnetic force. 213) Most magnets are made from which element?

214) Running a current through a wire creates a ____________ ____________.

Section 18-2

215) 216)

What happens to a compass near a wire that is carrying a current? Draw a picture of a solenoid.

217) What does increasing the number of coils in a solenoid do to the strength of the magnetic field? 218) What does increasing the current through a solenoid do to the strength of the magnetic field? 219) Wrapping the coils of a solenoid around a metal core creates an ____________________. 220) __________________ charges cause all magnetism.

221) Electric motors convert ____________ energy into _____________ energy. 222) List two common appliances that contain electromagnets.

Section 18-3

223)

What is created through electromagnetic induction?

224) Generators convert _________________ energy into _______________ energy. 225) How are electricity and magnetism related?

226) In an electromagnetic wave, the electric fields and magnetic fields are _______________ to each other. 227) 228) 229) Give an example of electromagnetic energy. What do transformers do to voltage? Why are transformers important?

230) What does reversing the direction of the current through an electromagnet do to the magnets polarity?

Energy Unit

231) Describe each of the following types of energy used by humans. List an advantage and disadvantage to each. a) Solar b) Fossil fuels c) Wind d) Biofuels e) Geothermal f) Nuclear g) Other sources

232) Discuss renewable and non-renewable energy sources and relate how they are essential to maintaining an acceptable environment. 233) Compare the types of energy used and the economic importance of energy sources for industrial nations, developing nations and undeveloped nations.

234)

Compare and contrast the energy needs of a city vs. rural community.