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'
'THERMODYNAMICS FORMULAE
p
9mass- -- m
volume
V
Virial Equations
Specifc volume ( v )
Spec13cweight (y)
Continuity equation
Br = BP, I RT,
z=l+(BrP,ITr)
weight - mg
YE---- volume
pg
R
pv = -T
nit5
B, = B(O) +&(I)
Q-W
Q-\EI
m. ( u ,
Wjn = v d p
'
'I a
'
+ p.v.
ah -+
B(') =0.139-0.1721~:~
p ~ ~ - C p ~ ~
m=
in/&
P= RTI(v-B)
VI-----volume - V - 1
mass
m p
Ake
v:
v?
, + pivi + -2+ g z i )
(<
age +- m i6( uL=G
+-+gz.)
Ape
q=- TH- TL
TH
fhw-Qin-Qout
Qin
Qin'
copR =
c o p H p=
COP, TL
TH- TL
Kn
,COPm = --L
TH- TL
h
: K"
Change in entropy
Change in entropyfor open system
+disc -
&.+
dT
Changeinentropyjoridealgas
qT=
Adiabatic CompressorEflciency
' I c=
Expression for a
Reversible Process
(Expansion/
Compression)
in which
PVY= constant
4%-
Isothermal
0
AU
Q
W
Y
-nRT In(?]
):4
nRT
1
7-1
-T,) or -(P2V2
-64)
-(T2-3)
7-1
nR
or -(P2V2
Y-1
1
cpICY
-44)
C w ~ i
- Table F20
Table GI 1
PROPER'TIES OF GASES
Molar
Gas
Mass Constant
Gas
Acetylene, C2H2
Air
Argon, Ar
Carbon Dioxide,
C02
Carbon Monoxide,
Ethylene, CzH4
Helium, He
Hydrogen, H2
Hydrogen, H
Hydroxyl. OH
Methane, CHI
Nitric Oxide, N 0
Nitrogen, N,
Nitrogen, N
Propane, C3Hs
1 Water, H 2 0
M
R
kgkmol kJkg.K
Specific Heats
a t 25 O C
CP
c"
kJ1kg.K kJ1kg.K
forc,/R
k
Temperature
Range
Equation Coellicients
+ bT + cT2 + dT3 + eT4
= a
bx103
K-I
c x 106
K-2
dx10I0
K- '
exlo"
K-4
Table Gl 1 (Cont.)
MPa
TC
K
Wple State
Properties
pt
T,
kPa
K
CZHZ
6.14
308
126
Air
3.77
132
Ar
4.90
151
68.8
~ ~ H I o 3.80
425
Coz
7.38
CO
Critical State
Properties
Gas
'
PC
Redlich-Kwong
Constants
.
a kPa-m6-KO.' b
kmol2 m3/kmol
Acentric
Factor
o
Gas
Acetylene, ClH2
452
0.0522
8030
0.0362
0.1873
136
0.0365
1580
0.0253
0.007400
83.8
135
0.0320
1680
0.0222
0.0000
Argon, Ar
0.000568
135
1390
0.1-16
29000
0.0806
0.1931
Butane, CIH 10
304
518
217
366
0.0428
6450
0.0297
0.2276
Carbon Dioxide
3.50
133
15.4
68.1
147
0.0395
1720
0.0274
0.06630
CZH~
4.88
306
557
0.0650
9860
0.0450
0.099
CZHI
5.03
282
462
0.0583
7860
0.0404
0.08520
Ethylene, C2H4
He
0.228
5.20
3.47
0.0238
8.00
0.0165
-0.3900
Helium, He
HZ
1.31
33.2
24.5
0.0263
143
0.0182
-0.2150
Hydrogen, Hz
0.140
7.04
192
104
13.8
Air
co2
Carbon Monoxide,
co
Ethane, ClH6
Hydrogen, H
Hydroxyl, OH
OH
Methane, CHI
CHI
4.60
191
11.7
90.7
894
0.0430
3210
0.0298
6.01080
Ne
2.65
44.4
50.0
24.6
21.7
0.0174
146
0.0120
-0.04140
NO
6.48
180
21.9
110
146
0.0289
1980
0.0200
9.5846
Nihic Oxide, NO
Nz
3.39
126
12.5
63.2
137
0.0386
1550
0.0267
0.04030
Nitrogen, N2
Nitrogen, N
0 2
Neon, Ne
5.04
155
0.146
54.4
138
0.0319
1740
0.0221
0.02180
Oxygen,
0 2
Oxygen, 0
C3Ha
4.26
370
H20
22.1
647
0.612
273
938
0.0904
18300
0.0626
0.153
Propane, C3H8
554
0.0305
14300
0.0211
0.3449
Water, Hz0
Temperature,
K
L~
Lv
kJIkg K
kJ1kg K
Hydrogen, Hz
9.927
10.183
10.302
10.352
10.377
10.389
10.405
10.422
10.447
10.480
10.521
10.570
10.698
10.859
cv
kJ1kg K
Air
14.051
14.307
14.427
14.476
14.501
14.513
14.530
14.546
14.571
14.604
14.645
14.695
14.822
14.983
c~
kJ/kg. K
1.416
1.405
1.400
1.398
1.398
1.397
1.396
1.396
1.395
1.394
1.392
1.390
1.385
1.380
Carbon monoxide, CO
Nitrogen, N,
0.742
0.743
0.744
0.747
0.752
0.759
0.768
0.778
0.789
0.801
0..813
0.825
0.849
0.870
1.400
1.400
1.399
1.397
1.395
1.391
1.387
1.382
1.376
1.371
1.365
1.360
1.349
1.341
Source: Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, 4th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 19831, p. 783, Table A-4M. Originally published in Tables of Thermal
Propeflies of Gases, NBS Circular 564, 1955.
690
700
710
720
730
702.52
713.27
724.04
734.82
745.62
27.29
28.80
30.38
32.02
33.72
504.45
512.33
520.23
528.14
536.07
72.56
69.76
67.07
64.53
62.13
'
1678.7
2.776
3.7994
2252.1 2068
2314.6 2303
1726.8
2.555
3.8303
2377.7 2559
1775.3
2.356
3.8605
2440.3 2837
1823.8
2.175
3.8901
2503.2 3138
1872.4
2.012
3.9191
1921.3
1.864
3.9474
2566-4 3464
Source: Yunus A. Cengal & Michael A. Boles, Thermodynamics, An Engineering
Approach (6th Ed., SI Units). McGraw-Hill, 2007. pp 936-937.
2.55731
2.57277
2.5881 0
2.60319
2.61803
2000
2050
2100
2150
2200
225?
Note: The properties o f p, (relative pressure) and v, (relative specific volume) are
dimensionlessquantities used in the isentropic processes, and should not be confused
with the properties pressure and specific volume.
F-5
,re F21
Table FI 0
Sat
Sat.
Temp., press.,
T "C
P,, kPa
0.0 1
0.6117
0.8725
5
1.2281
10
15
1.7057
2.3392
20
25
30
35
40
.45
3.1698
4.2469
5.6291
7.3851
9.5953
Internal energy,
kJ/kg
Sat.
liquid,
0.000
21.019
42.020
62.980
83.913
Evap.,
"/s
2374.9
2360.8
2346.6
2332.5
2318.4
Sat.
vapor,
us
2374.9
2381.8
2388.7
2395.5
2402.3
Enthalpy,
Sat
liquid,
h/
0.001
2 1.020
42.022
62.982
83.915
Evap.,
Entropy,
kJk2.K
vapour,
Sat.
liquid,
Sf
2500.9
2500.9
0.0000
0.0763
0.1511
0.2245
0.2965
104.83
125.74
146.64
167.53
188.44
0.3672
0.4368
0.5051
0.5724
0.6386
50
55
60
65
70
12.352
15.763
19.947
25.043
3 1.202
209.34
230.26
251.18
272.12
293.07
0.7038
0.7680
0.8313
0.8937
0.9551
75
80
85
90
95
38.597
47.416
57.868
70.183
84.609
314.03
335.02
356.02
377.04
398.09
1.0158
1.0756
1.1346
1.1929
1.2504
100
105
110
115
120
101.42
120.90
143.38
169.18
198.67
419.17
440.28
46 1.42
482.59
503.81
1.3072
1.3634
1.4188
1.4737
1.5279
125
130'
135
140
145
232.23
270.28
3 13.22
361.53
415.68
525.07
546.38
567.75
589.16
610.64
1.5816
1.6346
1.6872
1.7392
1.7908
150
155
160
165
170
476.1 6
543.49
618.23
700.93
792.18
632.18
653.79
675.47
697.24
719.08
1.8418
1.8924
1.9426
1.9923
2.0417
892.60
175
1002.8
180
1123.5
185
1255.2
190
1398.8
195
1554.9
200
1
-
741.02
763.05
785.19
807.43
829.78
852.26
2.0906
2.1392
2.1875
2.2355
2.2831
2.3305
Evap.,
vapour,
Sat.
Table F10
(Cont.)
Specific volume,
Internal energy,
kJflrg
m 3 h
Sat.
Temp.,
TC
205
210
215
220
225
Sat.
press.,
P,4, kPa
1724.3
1907.7
2105.9
2319.6
2549.7
Sat
liquid,
v/
0.001164
0.001173
0.001 181
0.001190
0.001199
230
235
240
245'
250
2797.1
3062.6
3347.0
3651.2
397612
255
260
265
270
275
. 4322.9
280
285
290
295
300
Entbalpy,
kJlkg
Evap.,
Sat.
vapor,
0.11508
0.10429
0.094680
0.086094
0.078405
Sat.
liquid,
u/
872:86
895.38
918.02
940.79
963.70
1723.5
1702.9
1681.9
1660.5
1638.6
2596.4
2598.3
2599.9
2601.3
2602.3
Sat
liquid,
h/
874.87
897.61
920.50
943.55
966.76
0.001209
0.001219
0.001229
0.001240
0.001252
0.071505
0.065300
0.059707
0.054656
0.050085
986.76
1010.0
1033.4
1056.9
1080.7
1616.1
1593.2
1569.8
1545.7
1521.1
2602.9
2603.2
2603.1
2602.7
2601.8
990.14
1013.7
1037.5
1061.5
1085.7
0.001263
0.001276
0.001289
0.001303
0.001317
0.045941
0.042175
0.038748
0.035622
0.032767
1104.7
1128.8
1153.3
1177.9
1202.9
1495.8
1469.9
1443.2
1415.7
1387.4
2600.5
2598.7
2596.5
2593.7
2590.3
1228.2
1253.7
1279.7
1306.0
1332.7
1358.2
1328.1
1296.9
1264.5
1230.9
4692.3
5085.3
5503.0
5946.4
Sat
vapor,
"8
Evap.,
Entropy,
kJ/kg.K
Sat
vapour,
Sat
liquid,
42
hz
s/
1920.0
1899.7
1878.8
1857.4
1835.4
2794.8
2797.3
2799.3
2801.0
2802.2
2.3776
2.4245
2.4712
2.5176
2.5639
181218
1789.5
1765.5
1740.8
1715.3
2802.9
2803.2
2803.0
2802.2
2801.0
2.6100
2.6560
2.7018
2.7476
2.7933
1110.1
1134.8
1159.8
1185.1
1210.7
1689.0
1661.8
1633.7
1604.6
1574.5
2799.1
2796.6
2793.5
2789.7
2785.2
2.8390
2.8847
2.9304
2.9762
3.0221
2586.4
2581.8
2576.5
2570.5
2563.6
1236.7
1263.1
1289.8
1317.1
1344.8
1543.2
1510.7
1476.9
1441.6
1404.8
2779.9
2773.7
2766.7
2758.7
2749.6
3.0681
3.1144
3.1608
32076
3.2548
1366.3
1325.9
1283.4
1238.5
1191.0
2739.4
2727.9
2715.0
2700.6
2684.3
3.3024
3.3506
3.3994
3.4491
3.4998
305
310
315
320
325
9209.4
9865.0
10,556
11,284
12,051
0.001425
0.001447
0.001472
0.001499
0.00'1528
0.019932
0.018333
0.016849
0.015470
0.014183
1360.0
1387.7
1416.1
1445.1
1475.0
1195.9
1159.3
1121.1
1080.9
1038.5
2555.8
2547.1
2537.2
2526.0
2513.4
,1373.1
1402.0
1431.6
1462.0
1493.4
330
335
340
345
350
12,858
13,707
14,601
15,541
16,529
0.001560
0.001597
0.001638
0.001685
0.001741
0.012979
0.011848
0.010783
0.009772
0.008806
1505.7
1537.5
1570.7
1605.5
1642.4
993.5
945.5
893.8
837.7
775.9
2499.2
2483.0
2464.5
2443.2
2418.3
1525.8
1559.4
1594.6
1631.7
1671.2
1140.3
1086.0
1027.4
963.4
892.7
2666.0
2645.4
2622.0
2595.1
2563.9
3.5516
3.6050
3.6602
3.7179
3.7788
17,570
355
360
18,666
19,822
365
21,044
370
373.95 22,064
0.001808
0.001895
0.002015
0.002217
0.003106
0.007872 1682.2
0.006950 ,1726.2
0.006009 1777.2
0.004953 1844.5
0.003106 . 2015.7
706.4
625.7
526.4
385.6
0
2388.6
2351.9
2303.6
2230.1
2015.7
1714.0
1761.5
1817.2
1891.2
2084.3
812.9
720.1
605.5
443.1
0
2526.9
2481.6
2422.7
2334.3
2084.3
3.8442
3.9165
4.0004
4.1119
4.4070
Source: Yunus A.
I
Evap.,
Sat.
vapour,
Cengal& Michael A. Boles, Thennodynarnics,An Engineering Approach (6th Ed, SI Units). McGraw-Hill. 2007. pp 916-917.
Tables A 4 though A-8 are generated using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. The routine used in calculations is the
highly accurate Steam-IAPWS, which incorporates the 1995 Formulation for the Thermodynamic Propemes of Ordinaty Water Substance for General and Scientific Use, &sued
The InternationalAssociation for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS). This formulation replaces the 1984 formulation of Ham, Gallagher, and Kell (NBSNRC Steam
Tables. Hemisphere Publishiig Co., 1984), which is also available in EES as the routine STEAM. The new formulation is based on the Wrrelations of Saul and Wagner (J. Phys.
Chem. Ret Dala, 16,893,1987) with modifications to adjust to the InternationalTemperahlreScale of 1990. The modifications are described by Wagner and Russ (J. Phys. Chem.
Ref. Data, 22,783, 1993). The properties of ice are based on Hyland and Wexler, "Formulations for the Thermodynamic Properties of the Saturated Phases of H20 born 173.15 K
to 473.15 K," ASHRAE Trans.,Part 2A, Paper 2793,1983.
-3
-3
"4 XID
Absolute
Temp.
JR XrD
"
SpecEc volume
m3/kg
Sat.
Sat.
Internal energy
k~/kg
Sat
Sat
liquid
vapour
uf
u8
121.45
24152
151.53
2425.0
24322
173.87
2437.9
191.82
2456.7
25 1.38
Enthalpy
k~/kg
Sat.
liquid
h/
121.46
151.53
173.88
191:83
251.40
2432.9
2415.9
2403.1
2392.8
2358.3
Sat.
vapour
h8
2554.4
2567.4
2577.0
2584.7
2609.7
Entropy
k ~ / k g . ~
Sat.
Sat
Abso~ut~
vapour
liquid
Press.
bar
sf
sz
8.4746
.4226
.04
8.3304
.5210
.06
8.2287
.5926
.08
8.1502
.6493
0.10
7.9085
0.20
.a320
2625.3
2636.8
2645.9
2653.5
2660.0
9439
1.0259
1.0910
1.1453
1.1919
7.7686
7.6700
7.5939
7.5320
7.4797
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
2665.8
2670.9
2675.5
2693.6
2706.7
1.2329
1.2695
1.3026
1.4336
1.5301
7.4346
7.3949
7.3594
7.2233
7.1271
0.80
0.90
1.00
1.50
2.00
Evap.
kfz
.04
.06
.08
0.10
0.20
28.96
36.16
41.51
45.81
60.06
1.0040
1.0064
1.0084
1.0102
1.0172
34800
23739
18103
14674
7649
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
69.10
75.87
81.33
85.94
89.95
1.0223
1.0265
1.0300
1.0331
1.0360
5229.
3993.
3240.
2732.
2365.
289.20
317.53
340.44
359.79
376.63
2468.4
2477.0
2483.9
2489.6
2494.5
289.23
317.58
340.49
359.86
376.70
2336.1
2319.2
2305.4.
2293.6
2283.3
0.80
0.90
1.00
1.50
2.00
93.50
96.71
99.63
111.4
120.2
1.0380
1.0410
1.0432
1.0528
1.0605
2087.
1869.
1694.
1159.
885.7
391.58
405.06
417.36
466.94
504.49
2498.8
2502.6
2506.1
2519.7
2529.5
391.66
405.15
417.46
467.11
504.70
2274.1
2265.7
2258.0
2226.5
2201.9
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
127.4
133.6
138.9
143.6
147.9
1.0672
1.0732
1.0786
1.0836
1.0882
718.7
605.8
524.3
462.5
414.0
535.10
561.15
583.95
604.31
622.25
2537.2
2543.6
2546.9
2553.6
2557.6
535.37
561.47
584.33
604.74
623.25
2181.5.
2163.8
2148.1
2133.8
2120.7
2716.9
2725.3
2732.4
2738.6
2743.9
1.6072
1.6718
1.7275
1.7766
1.8207
7.0527
6.9919
6.9405
6.8959
6.8565
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
151.9
158.9
165.0
170.4
175.4
1.0926
1.1006
1.1080
1.1148
1.1212
374.9
315.7
272.9
240.4
215.0
639.68
669.90
696.44
720.22
741.83
2561.2
2567.4
2572.5 :
2576.8
2580.5
640.23
670.56
697.22
721.11
742.83
2108.5
2086.3
2066.3
2048.0
2031.1
2748.7
2756.8
2763.5
2769.1
2773.9
1.8607
1.9312
1.9922
2.0462
2.0946,
6.8212
6.7600
6.7080
6.6628
6.6226
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
179.9
198.3
212.4
224.0
233.9
1.1273
1.1539
1.1767
1.1973
1.2165
194.4
131.8
99.63
79.98
66.68
761.68
843.16
906.44
959.11
1004.8
2583.6
2594.5
2600.3
2603.1
2604.1
762.81
844.84
908.79
962.11
1008.4
2015.3
1947.3
1890.7
1841.0
1795.7
2778.1
2792.2
2799.5
2803.1
2804.2
2.1387
2.3150
2.4474
2.5547
2.6457
6;5863
6.4448
6.3409
6.2575
6.1869
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
60.0
242.6
250.4
257.5
264.0
275.6
1.2347
1.2522
1.2692
1.2859
1.3187
57.07
49.78
. 44.06
39.44
32.44
1045.4
1082.3
1116.2
1147.8
1205.4.
2603.7
2602.3
2600.1
2597.1
2589.7
1049.8
1087.3
1121.9
1154.2
1213.4
1753.7
1714.1
1676.4
1640.1
1571.0
2803.4
2801.4
2798.3
2794.3
2784.3
2.7253
2.7964
2.8610
2.9202
3.0267
6.1253
6.0701
6.0199
5.9734
5.8892
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.
110.
285.9
295.1
303.4
311.1
318.2
1.3513
1.3842
1.4178
1.4524
1.4886
27.37
23.52
20.48
18.03
15.99
1257.6
1305.6
1350.5
1393.0
1433.7
2580.5
2569.8
2557.8
2544.4
2529.8
1267.0
1316.6
1363.3
1407.6
1450.1
1505.1
1441.3
1378.9
1317.1
1255.5
2772.1
2758.0
2742.1
2724.7
2705.6
3.1211
.3.2068
3.2858
3.3596
3.4295
5.8133
5.7432
5.6772
5.6141
5.5527
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.
110.
120.
130.
140.
150.
160.
324.8
330.9
336.8
342.2
347.4
1.5267
1.5671
1.6107
1.6581
1.7107
14.26
12.78
11.49
10.34
9.306
1473.0
1511.1
1548.6
1585.6
1622.7
2513.7
2496.1
2476.8
2455.5
2431.7
1491.3
1531.5
1571.1
1610.5
1650.1
1193.6
1130.7
1066.5
1000.0
930.6
2684.9
26622
2637.6
2610.5
2580.6
3.4962
3.5606
3.6232
3.6848
3.7461
5.4924
5.4323
5.3717
5.3098
5.2455
120.
130.
140.
150.
160.
170.
180.
190.
200.
220.9
352.4
357.1
361.5
365.8
374.1
1.7702
1.8397
1.9243
2.036
3.155
8.364
7.489
6.657
5.834
3.155
1660.2
1698.9
1739.9
1785.6
2029.6
2405.0
2374.3
2338.1
2293.0
2029.6
1690.3
1732.0
1776.5
1826.3
2099.3
856.9
777.1
688.0
583.4
0
2547.2
2509.1
2464.5
2409.7
2099.3
3.8079
3.8715
3.9388
4.0139
4.4298
5.1777
5.1044
5.0228
4.9269
4.4298
170.
180.
190.
200.
220.9
'
Table F11
Sat
150
200
250
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
loo0
1100
1200
200
250
300
350
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
0.42503
0.47443
0.52261
0.57015
0.61731
0.71095
0.80409
0.89696
0.98966
1.08227
1.17480
1.26728
1.35972
1.45214
i
j
2643.3
2723.8
2803.3
2883.0
2963.7
3129.0
3300.4
3478.6
3663.6
3855.4
4054.0
4259.0
4470.0
4686.6
2855.8
2961.0
3064.6
3168.1
3272.4
3484.5
3702.5
3927.0
4158.4
4396.6
4641.4
4892.6
5149.8
5412.6
14.670
14.867
17.196
19.513
21.826
24.136
26.446
31.063
35.680
40.296
44.911
49.527
54.143
58.758
63.373
67.989
72.604
3.2403
24832
3.4187
3.8897
4.3562
4.8206
5.2841
6.2094
7.1338
8.0577
8.9813
9.9047
10.8280
11.7513
12.6745
13.5977
14.5209
7.5931
2511.5
2682.4
7.6953
2585.7
27802
7.9413
2660.0
2877.8
8.1592
2735.1
2976.2
8.3568
2811.6
3075.8
8.5387
2968.9
3279.3
8.8659
3132.6
3489.3
9.1566
3303.1
3706.0
9.4201
3480.6
3929.7
9.6626
3665.2
4160.4
9.8883
3856.8
4398.2
10.1000
4055.2
4642.7
10.3000
4259.9
4893.7
10.4897
4470.8
5150.7
10.6704
4687.3
5413.3
10.8429
P = 0;30 MPa (133.52 O C )
2543.2
2724.9
6.9917
0.60582
2571.0
2761.2
7.0792
0.63402
2651.0
2865.9
7.3132
0.71643
.0.79645
2728.9
2967.9
7.5180
280'7.0
3069.6
7.7037
0.87535
2966.0
3275.5
8.0347
1.03155
3486.6
8.3271
1.18672
3130.6
3704.0
8.5915
1.34139
3301.6
1.49580
3928.2
8.8345
3479.5
1.65004
3664.3
4159.3
9.0605
4397.3
9.2725
1.80417
3856.0
4054.5
4642.0
9.4726
1.95824
4259.4
4893.1
9.6624
2.11226
4470.3
5150.2
9.8431
2.26624
'
7.0610
7.27257.4614
7.6346
7.7956
8.0893
8.3544
. 8.5978
8.8240
9.0362
9.2364.
9.4263
9.6071
9.7797
2645.2
0.35212
0.39390
0.43442
0.47428
0.51374
0.59200
0.66936
0.74725
1 0.82457
0.90179
0.97893
j 1.05603
1.11309
1.21012
2639.4
2721.2
2801.4
2881.6
2962.5
3128.2
3299.8
3478.1
3663.2
3855.1
4053.8
4258.8
4469.8
4686.4
OC
0.19437
2582.8
2777.1
6.5850
200
250
0.20602
0.23275
2622.3
2710.4
28283
2943.1
6.6956
6.9265
300
0.25799
2793.7
3051.6
7.1246
350
400
500
0.28250
0.30661
0.3541 1
2875.7
2957.9
3 125.0
3158.2
3264.5
3479.1
7.3029
7.4670
7.7642
600
0.4011 1
0.44783
0.49438
3297.5
3476.3
3661.7
3698A
8.03 11
700
800
3924.1
4156.1
8.2755
8.5024
900
1000
1100
0.54083
0.58721
0.63354
3853.9
4052.7
4257.9
4394.8
4640.0
4891.4
8.7150
8.91 55
9.1057
1200
I300
0.67983
0.72610
Sat.
0.12374
0.13293
0.14190
0.15866
225
250
300
350
400
500
600
700
800
0.17459
0.19007
0.22029
4469.0
5148.9
9.2866
4685.8
5411.9
9.4593
P= 1.60 M a (201.3i OC)
2594.8
2792.8
6.4200
2645.1
2857.8
6.5537
2919.9
6.6753
2692.9
2781.6
3035.4
6.8864
2866.6
2950.8
3120.1
3293.9
3473.5
3659.5
3852.1
4051.2
4256.6
3146.0
3254.9
3472.6
3693.9
3920.5
4153.4
7.0713
7.2394
7.5410
7.8101
8.0558
8.2834
4392.6
4638.2
4890.0
8.4965
8.6974
8.8878
900
1000
1100
0.24999
0.27941
0.30865
0.33780
0.36687
0.39589
1200
1300
0.42488
0.45383
Sat.
225
0.07995
2602.1
2801.9
6.2558
250
0.08026
0.08705
2604.8
2663.3
2805.5
2880.9
6.2629
6.4107
300
350
400
0.09894
0.10979
0.12012
2762.2
2852.5
2939.8
3009.6
3127.0
3240.1
6.6459
6.8424
7.0170
450
500
600
700
D.13015
0.13999
D.1593 1
3026.2
3112.8
3288.5
3351.6
3462.8
3686.8
7.1768
7.3254
7.5979
0.17835
3469.3
3915.2
7.8455
800
0.19722
3656.2
4149.2
8.0744
900
0.2 1597
0.23466
3849.4
4049.0
4389.3
4635.6
8.2882
8.4897
1200
0.25330
D.27190
4254.7
4466.3
4887.9
5146.0
8.6804
8.8618
1300
D.29048
4683.4
5409.5
9.0349
1000
1100
'
4467.9
5147.7
9.0689
4684.8
5410.9
9.2418
P= 2.50 MPa (223.95 OC)
0.14078
2591.8
0.10381
0.11 150
0.12551
0.13860
0.15122
0.17568
0.19962
0.22326
0.24674
0.27012
0.29342
0.31667
0.33989
0.36308
2788.9
6.4160
2836.1
2903.3
6.5475
3024.2
6.7684
.
2860.5
3137.7
6.9583
2945.9
3248.4
7.1292
7.4337
3116.9
3468.3
3291.5
3690.7 . 7.7043
7.9509
3471.7
3918.2
3658.0
4151.5
8.1791
3850.9
4391.1
8.39'25
8.5936.
4050.2
4637.1
8.7842
4255.7
4889.1
8.9654
4467.2
5147.0
9.1384
4684.2
5410.3
P = 3.50 MPa (242.56 OC)
2628.5
2680.3
2773.2
'
6.4675
Table F1 1
T
"C
Sat
275
300
3 50
400
450
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
Sat.
300
350
400
450
50P
550
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
Sat.
325
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
Table F11
(Cont.)
0.005862
2294.8
2412.1
1914.9
2253.3
2497.5
1988.6
2373.5
2671.0
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
0.001978
P = 25.0 MPa
1799.9
1849.4
P= 30.0 MPa
4.0345
0.001792
1738.1
1791.9
3.9313
2428.5
2578.7
2607.8
2721.2
2887.3
2805.0
2950.6
3165.9
3020.8
3140.0
3339.2
3493.5
2755.3
2925.8
3065.6
2997.9
3218.0
3399.0
3251.9
3359.9
3637.7
3776.0
3190.9
3308.3
3560.7
3711.6
3570.7
4043.8
3780.2
3991.5
4206.1
4307.1
4570.2
4835.4
3531.6
3749.0
3996.3
4270.6
3965.8
4184.4
454 1.5
4812.4
4424.6
5103.5
4406.1
5085.0
4647.2
5375.1
P = 40.0 MPa
4631.2
5360.2
P= 60.0 MPa
375
0.001641
1677.0
1742.6
3.8290
0.001560
1638.6
400
1855.0
2097.5
1931.4
2199.0
4.1145
425
450
0.001911
0.002538
01003692
0.001731
0.002009
1787.8
1960.3
1716.6
1874.4
2060.7
2364.2
2511.8
4.9449
500
0.005623
2681.6
2906.5
5.4744
0.002487
0.003890
2160.3
2528.1
2284.7
2722.6
4.5044
3.7642
4.0029
4.2746
0.001503
0.001633
1609.7
0.001816
1892.9
1745.2
4.5896
0.002086
2055.1
5.1762
0.002952
2393.2
550
0.006985
2875.1
'3154.4
5.7857
0.005118
2769.5
3025.4
5.5563
0.003955
2664.6
600
0.008089
3026.8
3350.4
0.006108
2947.1-
3252.6
5.8245
0.009053
0.009930
3159.5
3521.6
0.006957
3095.6
3443.5
6.0373
0.004833
0.005591
2866.8
650
700
6.0170
6.2078
3282.0
3679.2
6.3740
0.007717
3228.7
3614.6
6.2179
0.006265
3175.4
800
0.011521
3511.8
3972.6
6.6613
0.009073
3472.2
3925.8
6.5225
0.007456
3432.6
900
0.012980
3733.3
4252.5
6.9107
0.010296
3702.0
4216.8
6.7819
0.008519
3670.9
1000
0.014360
3952.9
4527.3
7.1355
0.011441
3927.4
4499.4
7.0131
0.009504
3902.0
3031.3
1100
0.015686
4173.7
4801.1
7.3425
4778.9
7.2244
0.010439
4130.9
0.016976
4396.9
5075.9
7.5357
0.012534
0.013590
4152.2
1200
4378.6
5058.1
7.4207
0.011339
4360.5
1300
0.018239
4623.3
5352.8
7.7175
0.014620
4607.5
5338.5
7.6048
0.012213
4591.8
Source: Yimus A. Cengal& Michael A. Boles, Thennoc$namics, An Engineering Approach (6th Ed., SI Units). McGraw-Hill, 2007. pp 920-923
OC)
4.9310
Table FI 2
Entropy,
kJ/kg*K
kJIkg
Sat.
vapour,
Sat.
vapour,
225.86
227.12
228.39
229.65
230.91
Sat.
liquid,
sf
0.00000
0.01072
0.02138
0.03199
0.04253
Evap.,
sfi
0.96866
0.95511
0.94176
0.92859
0.91560
0.96866
0.96584
0.96315
0.96058
0.95813
Sat.
vapour,
ur
ue
,
-0.036
2.475
4.992
7.517
10.05
207.40
206.04
204.67
203.29
201.91
207.37
208.51
209.66
210.81
211.96
0.22580
0.20666
0.18946
0.17395
0.15995
12.59
15.13
17.69
20.25
22.82
200.52
199.12
197.72
196.30
194.88
213.11
214.25
215.40
216.55
217.70
12.65
15.20
17.76
20.33
22.91
219.52
218.22
216.92
215.59
214.26
232.17
233.43
234.68
235.92
s237.17
0.05301
0.06344
0.07382
0.08414
0.09441
0.90278
0.89012
0.87762
0.86527
0.85307
0.95579
0.95356
0.95144
0.94941
0.94748
0.0007362
0.0007396
0.0007430
0.0007464
0.0007499
0.14729
0.13583
0.12542
0.11597
0.10736
25.39
27.98
30.57
33.17
35.78
193.45
192.01
190.56
189.09
187.62
218.84
219.98
221.13
222.27
223.40
25.49
28.09
30.69
33.30
35.92
212.91
211.55
210.18
208.79
207.38
238.41
239.64
240.87
242.09
243.30
0.10463
0.11481
0.12493
0.13501
0.14504
0.84101
0.82908
0.81729
0.80561
0.79406
0.94564
0.94389
0.94222
0.94063
0.93911
200.74
217.08
234.44
252.85
272.36
0.0007535
0.0007571
0.0007608
0.0007646
0.0007684
0.099516
0.092352
0.085802
0.079804
0.074304
38.40
41.03
43.66
46.31
48.96
186.14
184.64
183.13
181.61
180.08
224.54
225.67
226.80
227.92
,229.04
38.55
41.19
43.84
46.50
49.17
205.96
204.52
203.07
201.60
200.11
244.51
245.72
246.91
248.10
249.28
0.15504
0.16498
0.17489
0.18476
0.19459
0.78263
0.77130
0.76008
0.74896
0.73794
0.93766
0.93629
0.93497
0.93372
0.93253
293.01
314.84
337.90
362.23
387.88
0.0007723 .
0.0007763
0.0007804
0.0007845
,0.0007887
0.069255
0.064612
0.060338
0.056398
0.052762
51.63
54.30
56.99
59.68
62.39
178.53
176.97
175.39
173.80
172.19
230.16
231.27
232.38
233.48
234.58
51.86
54.55
57.25
59.97
62.69
198.60
197.07
195.51
193.94
192.35
250.45
251.61
252.77
253.91
255.04
0.20439
0.21415
0.22387
0.23356
0.24323
0.72701
0.71616
0.70540
0.69471
0.68410
0.93139
0.93031
0.92927
0.92828
0.92733
414.89
443.31
473.19
504.58
537.52
0.0007930
0.0007975
0.0008020
0.0008066
0.0008113
0.049403
0.046295
0.043417
0.040748
0.038271
65.10
67.83
70.57
73.32
76.08
170.56
168.92
167.26
165.58
163.88
235.67
236.75
237.83
238.90
239.96
65.43
68.18
70.95
73.73
76.52
190.73
189.09
187.42
185.73
184.01
256.16
257.27
258.37
259.46
260.53
0.25286
0.26246
0.27204
0.28159
0.29112
0.67356
0.66308
0.65266
0.64230
0.63198
0.92641
0.92554
0.92470
0.92389
0.92310
20
22
24
26
28
572.07
608.27
646.18
685.84
727.31
0.0008161
0.0008210
0.0008261
0.0008313
0.0008366
0.035969
0.033828
0.031834
0.029976
0.028242
78.86
81.64
84.44
87.26
90.09
162.16
160.42
.158;65
156.87
155.05
241.02
242.06
243.10
244.12
245.14
79.32
82.14
84.98
87.83
90.69
182.27
180.49
178.69
176.85
174.99
261.59
262.64
263.67
264.68
265.68
0.30063
0.31011
0.31958
0.32903
0.33846
0.62172
0.61 149
0.60130
0.59115
0.58102
0.92234
0.92160
0.92088
0.92018
0.91948
. 30
770.64
815.89
863.11
912.35
963.68
0.0008421
0.0008478
0.0008536
0.0008595
0.0008657
0.026622
0.025108
0.023691
0.022364
0.021119
92.93
95.79
98.66
101.55
104.45
153.22
151.35
149.46
147.41
145.58
246.14
247.14
248.12
249.08
250.04
93.58
96.48
99.40
102.33
105.29
173.08
171.14
169.17
167.16
165.10
266.66
267.62
268.57
269.49
270.39
0.34789
0.35730
0.36670
0.37609
0.38548
0.57091
0.56082
0.55074
0.54066
0.53058
0.91879
0.91811
0.91743
0.91675
0.91606
163.00
160.86
158.67
156.43
154.14
271.27
272.12
272.95
273.75
274.53
0.39486
0.40425
0.41363
0.42302
0.43242
0.52049
0.51039
0.50027
0.49012
0.47993
0.91536
0.91464
0.91391
0.91315
0.91236
275.98
277.30
278.46
279.64
280.46
280.82
0.45126
0.47018
0.48920
0.51320
0.53755
0.56241
0.45941
0.43863
0.41749
0.39039
0.36227
0.33272
0.91067
0.90880
0.90669
0.90359
0.89982
0.89512
0.30111
0.26644
0.22674
0.17711
0.08999
0.88912
0.88117
0.87010
0.85289
0.81215
-40
-38
-36
-34
-32
51.25
56.86
62.95
69.56
76.71
-30
-28
-26
- 24
-.22
84.43
92.76
101.73
111.37
121.72
0.0007203
0.0007234
0.0007265
0.0007297
0.0007329
-20
-18
-16
- 14
- 12
132.82
144.69
157.38
170.93
185.37
- 10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
32
34
36
38
'
'
Sat.
liquid,
'
Entbalpy,
Internal energy,
kJkg
Sat.
liquid,
hr
0.000
2.515
5.037
7.566
10.10
Sat.
press.,
P, kPa
Temp.,
T oc
'
Specificvolume,
m'kg
Sat.
Sat.
vapour,
liquid,
vr
v~
0.36081
0.0007054
0.32732
0.0007083
0.29751
0.0007112
0.27090
0.0007142
0.24711
0.0007172
Evap.,
ug
40
42
44
46
48
1017.1
1072.8
1130.7
1191.0
1253.6
0.0008720
0.0008786
0.0008854
0.0008924
0.0008996
107.38
0.019952
110.32
0.018855
0.017824 . - 113.28
116.26
0.016853
119.26
0.015939
143.60
141.58
139.52
137.42
135.29
250.97
251.89
252.80
253.68
254.55
108.26
111.26
114.28
117.32
120.39
52
56
60
65
70
75
1386.2
1529.1
1682.8
1891.0
2118.2
2365.8
0.0009150
0.0009317
0.0009498
0.0009750
0.0010037
0.0010372
0.014265
0.012771
0.011434
0.009950
0.008642
0.007480
125.33
131.49
137.76
145.77
154.01
162.53
130.88
126.28
1.21.46
115.05
108.14
100.60
256.21
257.77
259.22
260.82
262.15
263.13
126.59
132.91
139.36
147.62
156.13
164.98
80
85
90
95
100
2635.3
2928.2
3246.9
3594.1
3975.1
0.0010772
0.0011270
0.0011932
0.0012933
0.0015269
0.006436
0.005486
0.004599 0.003726
0.002630
--
171.40
180.77
190.89
202.40
218.72
Evap.,
hfi
225.86
224.61
223.35
222.09
220.81
149.39
144.38
139.10
132.02
124.32
115.85
SE -
ILL
92.23 , 263.63 174.24
82.67 263.44 184.07
71.29 262.18 194.76
56.47 1 258.87 207.05
29.19
247.91 224.79
'
Source: Yunus A. Cengal& Michael A. Bolcs, Thenno&namics, An Engineering Appmoch (6th Ed., S1 Units). McGraw-Hill, 2007. pp 928-929
Tables A-11 Ihrough A-13 are generated using the EngineeringEquation Solver-(EES)soAwaredeveloped by S. A. Klein and E L.Alvarado. The routine used in calculations is the
R134a, which is based on the hutdamentat equation of state developed by R Tillner-Roth and H.D. Bachr, "An International Standard Formulation for theThcrmodynarnic Propertics
of 1 , 1 , 1 , 2 - T e ~ u o r ~ a n(HFC-134a)
e
for temperatures &om 170 K to 455 K and Pressures up to 70 MPa," J. Phys. Chem, ReJ Dora, Vol. 23, No. 5, 1994. The enthalpy and
enhopy values of saturated liquid are set to zero at - 40 OC (and 40 OF).
F-24
able FI 3
--
Specilic volume,
m3kg
Sat
Sat.
liquid,
vapour,
-
"1
0.0007098
"r
0.3 1121
Internal energy,
kJ&
Sat.
liquid,
u/
Evap.,
4
3.798
205.32
Sat.
vapour,
sat.
liquid,
h/
Enthalpy,
kJncs
Evap.,
h*
sat.
vapour,
hx
Sat.
liquid,
s/
Evap.,
Sat.
vapour,
sc
0.96441
209.12
0.01634
0.92775
0.96042
0.0007144
0.26929
203.20
210.88
0.03267
0.0007185
0.23753
11.15
201.30
212.46
0.047 11
0.90999
0.957 10
0.0007223
0.21263
14.31
199.57
213.88
0.06008
0.89419
0.95427
0.0007259
0.19254
17.21
197.98
215.19
0.07188
0.87995
0.95183
7.680
11 & Michael A. Boles, Thermody~mics,An EngineeringAppmach (6th Ed. SI Units). McGraw-Hill, 2007. pp 930
Table F14
"C
m3/kg
kJkg.
kl/kg
kT/kgK
m3/kg
kJ/kg
W/kg
kJ/kgK
m3/kg
kUkg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg.K
Sat.
- 20
- 10
100
0.50410
314.74
344.99
1.3520
0.30138
314.46
344.60
1.3096
Sat.
0.1 1041
222.99
242.86
0.9397
0.09987
224.48
- 10
0.1 1189
225.02
245.16
0.9484
0.09991
224.55
244.54
0.9380
0.11722
232.48
253.58
0.9798
0.10481
232.09
253.05
0.9698
244.46
0.9377
10
0.12240
240.00
262.04
1.0102
0.10955
239.67
261.58
1.0004
20
0.12748
247.64
270.59
1.0399
0.1 1418
247.35
270.18
1.0303
30
0.13248
255.41
279.25
1.0690
0.11874
255.14
278.89
1.0595
40
0.13741
263.31
288.05
1.0975
0.12322
263.08
287.72
1.0882
50
0.14230
271.36
296.98
1.1256
0.12766
271.15
296.68
1.1163
Sat.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1M)
110
120
0.21449
314.17
344.20
1.2814
TableF14
(Cont.)
Sat.
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
- I- 0.068775
368.33
0.025621
246.79
P.=0.80 MPa
Sat.
402.72
1.3249
(xu=31.3I0C)
267.29
0.9183 . 0.022683
248.85
269.26
0.9169
0.020313
250.68
270.99
0.9156
40
59
60
70
80
90
I00
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
Sat.
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
0.014107
256.37
276.12
0.9105
0.012123
258.47
277.86
0.9078
0.015005
0.016060
0.017023
0.017923
0.018778
0.019597
0.020388
0.021155
0.021904
0.022636
0.023355
0.024061
0.024757
264.46
274.62
284.51,
294.28
304.01
313.76
323.55
333.41
343.34
353.37
363.51
373.75
384.10
285.47
297.10
308.34
319.37
330.30
341.19
352.09
363.02
374.01
385.07
396.20
407.43
418.76
0.9389
0.9733
1.0056
1.0364
1.0661
1.0949
1.1230
1.1504
1.1773
1.2038
1.2298
1.2554
1.2807
0.012372
0.013430
0.014362
0.015215
0.016014
0.016773
0.017500
0.018201
0.018882
0.019545
0.020194
0.020830
0.021456
260.89
271.76
282.09
292.17
302.14
312.07
322.02
332.00
342.05
352.17
362.38
372.69
383.11
280.69
293.25
305.07
316.52
327.76338.91
350.02
361.12
372.26
383.44
394.69
406.02
417.44
0.9163
0.9535
0.9875
1.0194
1.0500
1.0795
1.1081
1 .I360
1.1632
1.1900
1.2163
1.2421
1.2676
Soume: YunusA. Cengal &Michael A. Boles, Thermodynamics. An EngineeringAppmach (6th Ed., SI Units). McGraw-Hill, 2007. pp 931-932