Technology, Style and Society

Contributions to the Innovations between the

Alps and the Black Sea in Prehistory
Compiled and Edited by
Lolita Nikolova
BAR International Series 854
2000
Oxford
Technology. Style and Society. Contributions to the Innovations between the Alps and the Black Sea in Prehistory
CHAPTER 26
LATE CHALKOLITHIC CERAMIC STYLE AT Y UNATSITE TELL
'(ApPROACHTO THE SVSTEMATlZATlONOF THE CERAMICS FROM
THE NEWLV EXCAVATED LEVELS)
Nadezhda Todorova and Velichka Matsanova
Introduction
The Late Chalkolithic in Thrace is well investigated and well
known period at first view only. There is a rich cera mic ma-
terial collected from the excavated sites. but most of it is
unpublished. Many sites excavated are poorly published. as
Bikovo, Gabarevo, Lenovo, Mcchkyur, Kosti evo, Kolena.
Devebargan, Zavet, known in the scholar literature by si ngle
short publ ications only (Detev 1954; 1962b; Mikov 1926-
1931; 1961; Georgicv 1948; Popov 1922-1925; Seure and
Degrand 1906). Material s from some sites like Dolnoslav,
Mudrets, Stara Zagor a Mineralni Bani. Stara Zago ra -
Okruzhna Bolni tsa, Chatalka (Delimonevo Kale) etc. are
completely or al most unpubli shed. The onl y information
comes from the short report s to the Archaeolo gicallnstitnte
with scantv data. In manvcases the authors spare unfoundedly
small place for the pottery, the descriptions are common, and
serious attempts for systematization are missing. As a rule,
the pottery is publ ished selectively. The more peculia r frag-
ments or whole shapes are represented there, which do not
completely describe the complex. The quantity and especially
the quali ty of the illustrat ions in most publ icat ions make it
difficult or impossible complete using of the informat ion.
In the last yea rs the publications concerni ng the Late
Chalkolithic' did not considerably increased. Better is repre-
sented the material from Dubene-Sarovka (Nikolova and
Zakharieva 1994, chapter 6) as in the article the material is
S\ stematized, but unfortunately it is fragmented. as well as
the results of drill ing excavations at Gulubovo tell (Stefanova
1991). A pan of the materia ls from Yunatsitc (Maza nova
1992. Matsanova 1994). single fragmen ts from Perushtitsa
(Koleva 1988), and recently mat erial s fro m Ka pi ta n
Dimitrievo (Matsanova in Nikolov et al. 1999; 77-94) and
Rupkite-Kaleto tell has been pnblished as well.
To the publicati ons above contrasts the recentl y published
Laic Chalkolithic pottery from Kara novo, where despite the
considerable fragmentary character oft he material there is a
detai led technological characteristics and an attempt of ty-
pology and classificat ion of the pottery (Schrol 1997).
On the whole, as a matt er of fact, there is no detail classifica-
tion and typology of the Late Chalkolithic pottery from the
Upper Thracian valley, as well as there are missing signifi-
cant investigati ons on the technology of the Chalkolithic
pottery. One explanation is the fact that the excavations usu-
ally reveal a big quantity of cera mic and its primary system-
ati zation is highly labor consuming.
In this approach to the systematizati on of the Late Chalko-j.>
lithic pottery in Upper Thra ce the basic material from the
recent excavations at Yunatsite tell. the Upper Mari tsa val-
Icy are 10 be analyzed.
Vunatsite tell, Cnmmon characteristics
Location and culture environment
The site is located 1.5 km of Yunatsitc vill age, Pazardzhik
District. The settlement is situated over a low terrace on the
right side of the old bed of Topolnit sa River (Batakliev 1969:
490). Not far. to the south. are the fist unfloodcd terraces of
thc Maritsa River. The north slopes oft hc Rhodopes rai se ca.
15 km south of the site. The south slopes of the Sushtinksa
Sredna Gora border the region from the north. Thc Ihtiman
Heights are located to the west. On the whole. the country in
the neighborhood is Oat. with slight sloping to southeast.
The tell of Yunatsite had visible height over the surrounding
terrain c. 9 m. The shape is oval, slightly prolong in east-
west direction with diameters of the base 110x 100 m. Mili-
tary trenches and water channel have destroyed the western
periphery of the site in recent times.
The closest prehi storic site are Tekera tell. near Vetren and
Banvata Mogila near the village of Kapitan Dimitricvo. lo-
cated 9-10 km southwest of Yunatsitc tell. C. 12 km cast is
situated Ognyanovo tell.
It should be especia lly stressed the key geographical position
of the site. TIle Yunat site tell is situated in the region be-
tween Eastern and Western parts of the Balkan Peninsula
where from most ancient Antiquity limes the big Eurasian
road from southeast to north west passed. for transmission of
people, ideas, constant trade and culture exchange. The west-
ern pan s ofUpper Thracian valley offer di rect access to Sofia
Field, respectively to contemporary Northwestern Bulgaria.
Eastern Serbia and Romania. In southeastern direction. the
Maritsa River provides reliable water road to Turkis h Thrace.
the Aegean and Northwestern Asia Minor. In the region are
locat ed the most accessible passes through Western Rhodopes
massif -direct connection with the regions of Western Thracc,
Thcssaly, and Eastern Macedoni a. That favorable locati on of
the settlement on the cross-road of the main Balkan arteries
makes possible the existence of a complex where clements
from different synchronous cultures could be traced. The ex-
331
Nadezhda Todorova and I eticbka Marsanova
istence of such complexes allow precise relative dating ofthe
distinct archaeological cultures, their phases and synchroni-
zation, as well as analysis of the ways and manners of real-
ization of the interactions between the popul ation with neigh-
bor regions (for instance. exis tence of exchange trade).
Excava tions
The first description of the tell belongs to brothers Shorpil
(Shkorpil H. and Shkorpil K. 1898: 8 1). Evidence of the site
published V. Mikov as well (J 933: 84). The last author exca-
vated for the first time the tell in the autumn of 1939. A
trench, 25x 10 m, was excavated up to 9 m depth, without
reachi ng the sterile layer (Mikov 1937-1939: 55-84: Katin-
charov et a l. 1995: 13).
In 1976 significant investigations began at the site conducted
by R. Katincharov and V. Matsanova. In 1981 the expedi t ion
became international with part icipat ion of N. Ya. Merpert ,
Y.S. Titov, etc. Since that time to 1995 the whole layer of
Early Bronze Age has been investigated in the east one third
of the tell, as well as partially the first and the second build-
ing level of the Chalkolithic. The common stratigraphy of
the tell was elaborated preci sely (Katincharov et al. 1995:
24-33) .
Stratigraphy
In the course of the excavations in 1976- 1985 the following
stratigraphic sequence was documented (Katincharov et al.
1995: 15):
Layer A - a depth from 0.30 to 1.00 m.
Middle Age cemetery, 13'10 - 14'10 century.
Settlement and castle - 2
nd_4 th
century.
Thracian settlement from Late Iron Age - 6'"_5''' BC.
Layer B - a depth from 1.00 to 6.20 m.
17 building levels from Bronze Age.
Layer C - depth from 6.20 to 9.00 m.
Chalkolithic.
At the time of the investigations materials from Late Bronze
Age and destroyed structures from Early Iron Age have been
discovered as well.
In the last years (1989-1998) the archaeological excavations
were concentrated over invest igation ofthe Late Chalkolithic
building levels of the site. The bases off part of the houses
from the 17th building level from the Early Bronze Age are
situated over the destruction of the first building horizon of
the Chalkolithic. Moreover, there is a stratigraphic hiatus at
the centra l profile of the site.
The part ially investigated Chalkolithic building levels have
recovered an extremely complicated stratigraphic picture. The
problems of planigraphy and the stratigraphy of the site are
beyond the subject oft hat paper, then, only basic data will be
shortly represented here. The data from the recent excava-
tions of the Chalkolithic layer in the eastern part of the site
show the exi stence of2 building levels belonging to the Cop-
332
per Age without fixed hiatus between. Both settlements were
fired. Since 1986 on 13 houses from the first and second
horizon have been registered and partially investigated. As
the pottery of the both horizons does not show any differ-
ences. the analysis of the material from both the horizons
will be commonly treated.
Technological data on the pottery
For the technological description of the intact vessels and
the fragments from the first and the second hor izons par-
tially the scheme of G. Schneider is applied (Schne ider et al.
1989). The following main criteria are used: Contents of the
paste, slip. co lor and treatment of the surface.
Based on the correlation ofthe characteristic mentioned above
(see Annex I) 9 technological groups are distinguished:
Fine black burnislt ed ware. The number of the vesse ls from
that group is considerably small. Three categories of vessels
are represented - shallow and deep bowls. cups and pots.
The pottery of that technological group has compact and
homogenous black color. It is made of extremely ti ne clay
paste with insignificant quantity of mixture of very fine or-
ganic matter and fine sand. Almost in all cases the inner and
the outer surface is covered with slip ( fine. semi-fine or com-
pact), very rare there is self slip. As a rule, the vessels are
burnished inside and outside. The burnishing is up to glance
or in strips. Rarely there are vessels with smoothed surface.
as the smoothing is always homogenous. That manner of
surface treatment is characteristic mainly of the inner sur-
face of the vessels from the category of the bowls and the
cups and pots (B.I.2. I: D.V. 1.2: E.VI1.1.1). a considerable
part of the shapes under question are decorated with graph-
ite ornament (A.l 1.2. 1: A.l V.3. I; B.Y.2; D.Y. 1.1: E.VI12.2).
Fine gray and gray and black wilre. That group is also not
numerous. The category of the plates (A.II and A.VII and
rarely others) mainly represents that group. The vessels have
light gray and dark gray and black color of the surface. The
coloring is homogenous. The content s of the clay does do
differ from that of the black fine pottery. In all cases the sur-
face is covered inside and outside with fine and semi-fine
slip and is evenly (A.II.1: A.VIU) or in strips (A.IV.3. 1)
burnished. Th inner surface of some plates are decorated
with graph ite (A.1I2; A.IY.3. 1).
Black and gray and black burnished ware. A considerab le
part of the ceramics belongs to that group. It is mainly dis-
tributed in the category of the shallow bowls - almost all
bas ic shapes are represented (A. I: A. 11.1: A.IV. 1. A.IY.1:
A.V.2; A.V.3; A.VA), as well as dist inct types of'bowls. cups.
pots and lids ( B.1I 1. 2. 1: B.VI1.4: D.V.3: E.VI.1: E.VI.3:
E.VII.I; F.I.I ). The surface color is compact black and gray
and black, homogenous. The vessels were made of semi-fine
or semi-coarse clay. The clay mixture consists of one and the
same elements - fine quartz, small and medium big quartz
stone. fine organic matter. The only difference is in their con-
centration. Most of the pottery has slip surface, which is fine.
semi-fine and compact. Self-slip surface and washing sur-
face are rarely distributed. All variants of the burnishing of
Late Chalkolithic Ceramic Style 0 1 lima/site Tell
the surface are documented - evenly. in strips. burnishing to
shine surface. Most often the evenly burni shing of the ves-
sels insi de and outside is documented. The decoration with
graphite is vast distributed among the vessel s of that techno-
logical group. The ornament is placed over the inner surface
of shallow bowls of types A. 1I.2; A.V2; A.V3 and over the
outside surface of cups of types D.VI ; D.V2; D.V3; D.V4.
as well as at the upper part of dis tinct types of pots and
amphorae-like vessels (t VII. I; F.1. I).
Light brown burnished ware. The vessel s from the catcgo-
ries of shallow bowls . bowl s. cups. pots and mini ature eart h-
cnware are approxi mately equall y di stribut ed in that techno-
logical group (R.I.l ; A. VI. I; B.VlI .l ; D.L D.I1; K.l V; M.l.l. ;
M.II.2.I ; M.lIl.3). 111epottery has homogenous (evenly) light
brown color. The clay used is semi-fi ne. The mixture con-
sists mainly of fine quart z sand and quartz stone in small
and medium size. The slip of the surfa ce is semi-fine or self-
slip. It should be mentioned thc fact that the analyzed pot-
tery of that technological group does not include compact or
semi-fine slip. The only exception is a lid (shape K. IV) coy-
er ed outside by compact slip. The outer surface of the vessels
is burnished - evenly or in strips. There is one instance of
evenly smoothed surface. The ceramic biscuit has uniform
light brown color. Th c vesse ls mostly belong to the group of
the unornamented pottery.
Brown and dark brown burnished ware . The number of the
vessels of that technological group is not big. Bowls and some
typesofcups are represented in (R.l VI.2: A.VII. 1.2: D.V2.2).
The pottery has compact and homogenous brown and dar k
brown color. The clay used is semi -fine, rarely semi-course,
mixed with fine sand. quartz stone and fine orga nic matter.
The vessels ' surface is covered with fine and semi-fi ne slip.
Self slip is rarel y distributed. Thc surface is evenl y burnished,
by the bowl s - inside and outside. The vessel s of that techno-
logical category normally have no ornamentation. with ex-
ception of cups of type D. V2 .2, which has a graphite orna-
mcnt in its upper part .
Brown , black and brown lind gray and brown burnished
ware with irregular coloring of the surface. Most catego-
ries of vessels repr esent that group. The biggest is thc num-
ber of the shallow bowl s. The vessels of the resl of the cat-
egories - cups. amphorae-like vessels. POl S and et c. - arc
approximately proportionately distributed (R.[1.2: A.I V 2;
A.V2: A.V3; A V 4 l; A.VlIl.3; B.I.2 : B.III.2.2; BV . I;
D.lV I ; D.lV2: D.V2.2: E.IV2; F.Ill ctc.). The pottery has
irregular color of the surface , whi ch is due to the way of
burning. bUI probably in some cases to the secondary burn-
ing. Th ere arc spot of irregular shape on the inner and the
outer surface. The color of the spots varies from light bei ge
to dark brown and from light gray to black. Thc clay used is
semi-fine and semi-eoarsc. as the mixture is identical with
those described by the group of thc brown burni shed pott ery.
The out er surface. and by the bowls thc outer and the inner
surface, is covered with fine and semi -fine slip. rarely self-
slip is documented. The vessels are burnished. as at the closed
shapes in the categories of the cups. thc inn er surface is al-
wavs evenl v smoothed. A considerable number of the vessels
a r ~ d e c o r a t ~ with graphite (R.l U .L A.l1.2; D.l V 2: E.IV.2:
F.III) .
Brown and(lark brown coarse ware. The vesselsof that tech-
nological group are not numerou s. The categories of bowls.
pots and storage vesse ls arc mainly di stributed B.U: B.II.I :
B.V: B.VI I.3; E. Vlll. I; J.III .I.2: J.l VI ; 1.V2 2). Thc pot-
tery has homogenous brown color. sometimes the inner and
the outer surface of the vessel is differentl y colored. Thc clay
used is scmi-eoarse. rarely coarse. The mixtures consist of
quart z and stone in di lTercnt sizes and high concentration.
Organic matters arc registered as well. Fine. semi-fine and
self slip characterize most of the vessels. which cover only
the inner surface. In some cases the upper outer part s ofsome
types of bowls and storage - depositori es are slipped as well
as rarely the upper part s of some types of bowls and storage
vessel s. Th e slip part s arc homogeneousl y smoothed. rar ely
burnishing is distribut ed. The out er surface of the vessels
normally is roughedby organizedbarbot ine. unevenandvery
rarely evenly smoothed. The decoration is mainly reli ef.
Brown , hlack anti brown and graJ' and brown rough ware
n;th irregular coloring ofthe surface. Tothat technological
group a big quantity of vessels belong. mainly of thc cat-
egory of bowls. pots and storage - depositori es (B.I. : B.l I.I :
B.VI : B.VI.I : B.V1.2: B.VI.3: E.IU : E. IVI.2: E.VU :
E.Vil LI: J.Ill l .2; 1.V.l.2; 1.V2.1: J.V). The pott ery has ir-
regu lar color of the surface. identical to the described for
group NO.6. Th e clay used is semi-coar se and coa rse, Thc
mixture of quartz stone. sandandorganic is of high concen-
trati on. As by the vessel s of the previous group. the inner
surface or the upper ontcr parts of t hc eloscd shapes a re
slipped . The snrface treat ment is ident ical to that of group
NO. 7. The inner surface is evenly smoothed rarely irregular
smoot hing is distributed. The outer surface is consciously
roughed (dra gging. barbot inc). Th e decorat ion of the vesse ls
is mainly relief.
Ret! anti brown rough ware . Storage vessels - depositories
of types (1.1.2: 1.11I1.1 : J.Il1.2; J.IV2; K.ll) repr esent that
technological group. The pott ery has rcd and brown homog-
cnous and irregul ar color of Ihe surface. The clay is rough
with considerable quantit y of mixtures of relatively coarse
orga nic matt ers, medium and big quart z stone a nd highly
concentrated sand. Thc outer surface is nnslipped and con-
sciously roughed. The inner surface is cove red with fine slip
or scl fs lip and evenl y smoothed. The only used tcchniqnc of
decorati on is relief onc.
The analysis of the technological groups shows that in thc
complex vessel s with dark coloring dominate with dilTcrcnt
nuances ofblack. gray and black and da rk brown. The group
of the light brown pottery is not nume rous . The vessels with
uneven colori ng of the surface are often distributed, But it is .
important to stress on the fact the potte ry analyzed origi-
nates from burnt hori zons and becanse ofthat reason thc color
of the vessel s should be not leading in thc distingui shing of
the certain technological groups. The importance of that cri-
terion should be not overvaluedas the ceramic complexes at
other Late Chalkolithic sites indi cat e very different picture
in relati on to the color variation documented at Yunatsi tc,
Among the pottery at Telish and Sudicvo clearly dominate
333

Nadezhda Todorova and I elichka Matsanava

lighter colors - light brown. beige, light beige etc. and it
cannot be excl ude d the fact that those sites exemplify a kind
of another regul ar ity.
As far as the clay mixtures conc ern, at Yunatsite dominate
the quartzsandand stone indifferent sizes. The organic matter
is relatively often used, but mixtures of mica is rarely distrib-
uted and the limestone inclusions, as we ll as ' shamot " are
exceptions (see the Annex No. I ).
It is interesting to note the small quantity of vesse ls made of
fine clay - mai nly cups. shallow bowls and small bowls. Main
part of the ponery belongs to the group of the gray and black
and black burn ished and dark brown and black and brown
burnished ce ramics, so that almost all categories are distrib-
uted (see above). Traditi onally, the ' kitchen' earthenware, as
we ll as the storage vessels - deposi tories. is made of coarse
paste with roughly treated or consciously roughed surface .
The biggest part of the pott ery from the first seventh techn o-
logical gro ups has an additional slip documented - over the
whole surface or over distinct part of the vessels. related to
the shape and the function of the vessel. Slip and self-s lip
vessels are with ca refully trea ted burni shed surface.
On the whole, the technological characterist ics defined do
not show considerable differences among the known from
the Late Chalkolithic sites in the region of the parts of the
Upper Thracian valley - Karanovo (Schro l 199 7: 287),
Gulubo vo (Stefanova 1991: 145), Gudz hova Mogi la, Iskrit sa,
etc. Unfortunately. there are no considerable data on the pot -
tery from sites like Dol noslav, StarnZagora-Mineralni Bani.
Chatalka, Svet i Kirilovo, Bikovo, etc. Because of that rea-
son. the detail technol ogical comparison cannot be elabo-
rated.
Classification
The classificat ion of the pott ery is spec ified on the base of
intact ce ramic shapes or iginated from Chal kolithic leve ls and
fragme nted ponery of closed complexes existed.
At the base of the c1as si lic ation are the forma l and funct ional
characteristics of the vesse ls. The distinguished categories
of earthenware are shallow bowl s, bo wls. j ugs, cups, pot s,
amphorae- like vessel s, "vases'. askoi , storage vessels > de-
positories, lids, pot-stands and miniature vessels.
Some of the basic methods used in accomplishing classifica-
tion of the ce ramic materials from Yunatsite are accepted
from the Vossen ' s st udy, whic h are used in the contemporary
Amer ican archaeology ( Vossen. 1970:63-66). The struct ure
and term inol ogy prop osed by K. l.esht akov for the pottery
from Ear ly and Middle Bronze Age ( Leshtakov 1988: I) is
also parti all y applied. Functional and formal criteria define
the elaborati on of the dist inct elements of the scheme pre-
sented (category, shape, type, sub-type, and variant).
According to functional criteria three groups of pottery can
be defined - fine tabl e, coarse kitchen. and deposit ories -
storage. Those groups characterize the whole prehistoric pot-
334
tery (Todorova 1982) - cp. chapter 6. Those thr ee basic cat-
egories have along with functional. a technologi cal charac-
terist ics as wel l. They can be related to the technol ogical
groups defined. as the distinct technological groups can be
connect ed with one or more functions.
A determination of the category is the next niveau in the
classification of the ceramic information. The formal and
the technol ogi cal criteria are generally important for the di-
viding of the distin ct categor ies of vessels. For definition of
the categories the contemporary terms to r the vessels with
similar shape are used. as well as some names are accepted
from the Anci ent Greek language (askoi and amphora).
The basi c shapes are defi ned based on the common structure
ofthe vessels (spherical. prolong spherical, conical. biconical.
etc.). The stable correlation offormal criteria, espe cially pro-
filing of the vesse ls defi nes the di sti nct types. The subtypes
are di stingu ished on the base of the peculiar ities of the shap-
ing ofthe distinct elements - rims. handles and necks. Varient
is rarely used and marks existed detail s of sha ping of the
rims. handles. etc .
For definit ion of the di stinct elements of the classification
elaborated the following terms are used:
A. Ca tegory.
I. Mai n form
I. Type.
I. Sub-type.
a. Variant.
The classific ation of the pottery from Yunatsite is given in
Annex NO.2 and in Tables 16. 1-16,9.
The Annex No. 2 represents a considerable variety of forms.
type s and sub-types and it is not an easy task to defin e one or
more leading shapes and types. Here we will show some of
the traditional. mostly distributed in the complex shapes and
will briefl y mention the analogies of the more interesting,
speci fic shapes.
Of the categories of the shallow bowls open conical forms
are wide distributed. which are with straight walls and thick-
ened differ entl y sha ped r im (A.II; Figure 16.1: 1,9-( 1 ), as
well as the conica l pl ates with short vert ical and inclined
upper part (A.l V, A.V; Figures 16. 1:3,4; 16.1: 1-4). As a
rule. the first type vessels are richl y orname nted with graph-
ite, whi le the other two decorations are di stributed rarel y and
poorly. That ' popular shape' has extremely numerous paral-
lels, which originate from rather vast geographical area.
Speci al attention should be paid on some variants of form
A.II (Figure 16.1: II ), whi ch have their c lose ana log ies
among the pottery at Kol arovo ( 1995: 133. lig. l3 : 453) . The
shallow bowls with conica l shape and incurved rim (A.VI)
and with sernispherical shape, and thickened rim (A. III; Fig-
ures 16. /: / ,1; 16.1: 6-8) of type ' Kum Tepe lb ( French
1961: II I; Maran 1998: 40 ) are relat ively often distributed
among the pott ery from Yunat site. They have many parallels
in the pott ery not only from the Aegean and from Northwest-
ern Anatol ia, but also in Thrace and Northern Bulgaria -
Late Chalkoli thic Ceramic Style at limotsite Tell
o S em
...........
~ . [ 7
. 3
o Sem
-
Figure 26. I. lunatsite tell Late Ch alkoluhic pottery.
-,
\
:B 5
Nadezhda Todorova and I elichka MaISanOV(1
o 5 em
2
o .5 em
I
o Scm
o 5 em
......... .5
o S cm
' ; ~ 1 0
o 3 em
o
, '-
"--_---:S em
o
Figure 26.2. YUlUlIJ;le tett. Late Chatkolithk: pottery:
336
Late Chalkolithic Ceramic Style at Yunotsite Tell
Kar anovo (Schlor 1997: fig. 13 1: 4-6). Iskritsa - pit 4.
Sadovets (Si rneonova 1968: fig. 3.5: fig. 5.5) and Okol Glava.
The stage of investigation of the Late Chalkolithic pottery in
Upper Thrace as well as in the region of Turkish Thrace
(lower stream of the Maritsa River and its tributaries) does
not allow straightforward expla natio n of that similarity and
the temptation to be searched in the synchronous occurrence
looks hasty.
Besides the shaped mentioned above. it should be stressed
on the di stribution of ceramic complex of shallow bowl s with
carinated profil e and out-curved rim (A.VII) and of many
fragments ofbiconical shallow bowls with thicke ned and dif-
ferently shaped turning poi nt (A.YIII, Figure 26,2: 5). A
bigger part has exac t parall els among the Late Chalkoli thic
materials from the area of Kri vodol-Salcuta (Petkov 1950:
fig. 98: Nikolov 1984: Bcrciu 1961: figs. 85: 6. I I: 101: 9,
10 etc.), but single fragments (A. VIII) arc registered among
materials from Bikovo (Detev 1954: fig. 45).
A considerable variety of forms and types characterizes the
category of the bowls. The bowls with simple semispherical
shape are numerous (B.I : Figur es 26,2: J2, /3; 26.3: J, 2,
./1. as well as those with short neck differentl y shaped (B.lL
B. Ill; Figure 26.3: 3,5). The spo uted bowl s a rc a
charcateristic peculiarity (B.VI. Figure 26.3: 6, 7). Close
analogies oft hat shape is known from Kri vodol (Mikov 1948:
fig. 3Ib). Salcuta I (Berciu. D. 196I: fig. 85: 15), Karanovo
(Schlor, L 1997: fig. 137: 18). Peklyuk (Petkov 1964: fig. 17),
Okol Gl ava (Petko, ' 1950 : figs . 98. 100. 103), Kapitan
Dimitrievo (Petkov 1950: fig. 8: 151. 161). Sudicvo. Mudrets-
Gudzhova Mogi la and Telish.
The bieonical bowl s with thickened turning point and two
\ crtical handl es attac hed at the upper part represent other
tvp ical of Yunatsite shape (B.VII. Figures 26.-t: 5- 7, 26.5:
- I. A graphite geometric ornament is often pai nted over the
upper part of the vessel. sometimes in combination with deco-
ration of red di stempe r. Bowls with spherical and conical
lower part s are characteristic of the complex as well and the
upper one shaped as truncated cone (B.V). as some of them
consist of rich graphite ornamentation (Figure 26.-t: 3) or
in combination with red paint (Figure 26../: 2).
In the category of the cups bieonical shapes with two vertical
iandlcs at the upper pan dominate (D.IV. D.V). Accordi ng
to the manner of shaping of the turning point and the rim.
several types and subtypes of the basic shapes are distin-
guished (see Annex No. 2). As a rule, the upper part of the
vessels is decorat ed with relatively simple graphite orna ment
(Figure 26.5: 1-6). sometimes in combi nat ion with di stem-
per painted ornament located arou nd the handles. In some
cases the ri m and the cross-section of the cups is oval. At
most of the vessels are turning points arc sharp. stressed and
on the whole they strongly resemble the cups with ident ical
profile but without handles. which arc characteristic of the
pottery from Late Chalkoli thie in eastern part s of Upper
Thraee and in Nort heast ern Bulgaria (Stefa nova 1991: fig.
l3e. d: Schrol 1997: fig. 132: 13-15. 21: Popov 1916-1918:
fig. 105b: 124a. 125a. b: Georgie, ' and Angelo, ' 1957: fig.
33: 2: 45: 2.3: Todorova 1978: fig. 48a : Todorova et al . 1983:
fig. 87: I. 2. 5. 9. 15). Close analogies of the shape from
Yunatsite is known from the Chalkolithic layers at Bikovo
tell (Detev 1954: fig. 74: Georgicv 1961: fig. 33: 2). Kapitan
Dimitrievo-Banyata Mogila (Detev 1950: fig. 8: 15k) and
Dolnoslav (Raduncheva 1991: 11 0). Precise parallels of the
shapes and motifs originate from Sitagroi (Evans 1986: fig.
12.2: 7: 12.5: 2: see also the discussion in chapter 16 in this
book).
The cups with two handles are one ortile most characteristic
shapes in thc Lat e Chalkolithic pottery- in the regions of
Western Bulgaria. the area of Kr ivodol-Salcuta. In contrast
to known from Yuna tsite and ot her sites in Upper Thracc.
the two-handled cups from the region mentioned are the pro-
files are smoot h. rounded. the walls +are unflatted at the me-
dium point and there are instances of maximum widened
part located in the lower part of the body. as well as with
almost round bottom (Mikov 1948: fig. 30b.e.n.o: Petko"
19M; personal observation of cups from Telish).
Of special interest is a sma ll fragmented cup from the first
building level on the tell (Figure 26.7: 6: Cat. No. 41). The
vessel has spherical and coni cal shape and small Oat bottom.
The outer surface is covered withvery fineredslip. burnished
toglance. The inner surface is treatedrelativelycareless. with
some traces of partially smoothi ng. The biscuit of the vessel
has homogenous light brown color. and good burni ng. The
character of the slip. the shape of the vesse l. as well as some
peculiarities in the technology has no analogies among the
pottery' at Yunatsite and the complexes in Thraee. It can be
assumedthai the cup is an import. One relatively exact par-
allel originates from the ' middle' level at Pevka kia Magula
(Wcisshaar 1989: fig. 42: (3 ) .
Only one whole vessel (Figure 26. 7: 5) represents the cat-
egory' of the j ugs. The shape is identical to materi als from
Telish 3 (personal observation). Probably the vessels from
that category' were numerous but it is difficult to define thei r
real number by the shreds preserved onlv,
The vessels of pot category show considerable varie ty of that
shape. Basic shape and most typical is that of pots with spheri -
cal and biconicaL gently profiled body. medium high and
clearly disti nguished cylindri cal or conical neck and two
hori zontal handles at the upper part (E.lL E.lV). In most of
the cases front parts of the vessels arc ornamented with hori-
zontal rows of nail incisio ns (Figure 26. 6: 5- 7). Most pre-
cise analogies ori ginate from Late Chalkolithic complexes
on the territ ory of Nort hwestern and central Northern Bul-
garia - Sadovets (Si mconova 1968: fig. 12: 19). Dcvctaki
cave (Mikov and Dzhambazov 1960: 65: fig. 47). Zaminets
A-C (Nikolov 1975: figs. 23. 35. 4 1. 75. 88. 98). Krivodol 3
(Nikolov 1984: 57. 60). Telish, as well as in eastern Serbia
like from Bubanj (Tasic 1995: plate 2). etc.
Other one characteristic shape at Yunatsite is the bicouical
pots with thickened and gently shaped turning point (E. Vll .2).
Normally, the upper pan of the vessel is decorated with graph-
ite orna ment. but over the turn ing point there arc rows of
shell incised (Figure 26../: /). In contrast to the shape s rep-
337
Nadezhda Todorova and I elichka Mutsanova
resented above, a considerable partofthe analogies has 'east-
em' origin. Close parallels are documented among the mate-
rial from Karanovo (Schlor 1997: figs. 132: /7. 18; 137:4,5.7-
9), Gulubovo (Stefanova 199 1: fi gs. 13d, 15a). Rus se
(Georgiev and Angel ov 1957: figs. 33: I. 42: 4), Hot nitsa
(Todorova 1978: fig. 35). Devetaki cave (Stoyanov 1992b:
15) etc.
Of special interest are some fragments ofclosed shapes, prob-
ably pots thickened out side and different ly shaped rim ( Fig-
ure 26./0: 1-5). The vessels with profil es shaped in this way
are not typical of the ce ramic compl ex from Yunatsite and
for the time being. there are single instances doc umented.
One of the sherds originates from a house and contrasts to
the rest of the pottery in the closed complex. Along with the
unusual for Late Chalkolithic shape in Thrace, the fragmen t
shows peculiarities regarding its techno logical characteris-
tics as wel l. The sherd has an intensive black slip, the sur-
face is burnished to glance and its decoration is not typical of
Thrace. (Figure 26. /0: 5). The only relatively exact parallel
originates from Late Chalkolithic site of Kolarovo ( Perniche-
va, L. 1995: fig. 13: 48 3). The rest few fragments ( Figure
26. 10: 1-4) do not differ technologically from the common
materia l at the site, and some are decorated with graphite.
The only peculiari t ies the turned outs ide. thickened and
rounded rim. Those ' untypical' shapes have only analogies
among the publi shed pottery from the Chalkolithic layers of
Kaleto tell near the village of Rupkite.
The amphorae-l ike vesse ls from Yunat sit e (F. I-IV) show
rather big quantity of variants in the manner of structuring
of the body and positi on of the handles. The shape is typical
of the complex, as many intact vessel s are registered. as well
as sherds. Some of the vesse ls are decorated in their upper
part with graphite painted geometric ornament (Figure 26. 6:
3,4) and incised ornament ( Figure 26.6: I), but there are
undecorated ones ( Figur e 26.6: 2). One of the shapes of the
amphorae-like vesse ls (F.IL2. Figure 26.6: I) has many and
precise paralle ls among the materials in Upper Thrace -
Bikovo (Detev 1954: fig. 480. Kara novo (Schrol 1997: fig.
137: 1-3), Stara Zagor a - Minira lni Bani ( Fol et al. 1982:
124, 141c). Another regio n with identical Late Chalkolithic
finds is Western Bulgar ia - Peklyuk ( Petkov 1964: fig. 7a),
Krivodol (Mikov 1948: fig. 31d), Tel ish, etc.
Of interest are two vesse ls (G.I. G. II) with high narrow cy-
lindrical necks and flatted spherical body. One of the vessel s
has a small vert ical handle attach ed at the middle point of
the body and is decorated with complicated graphite orna-
ment (Figure 26. 7: 2). Preci se ana logies of that shape are
missing. The second vesse l has two big veni cal handles at
the upper pan. Very rich graphite paint ed decoration charac-
terize that vessel in combination with red distemper paint
(see Leshtakov, Figure 26.23: 5 in this book) . The closest
parallels of the shape and the style of decorat ion of that ves-
sel or iginate from Late Chalkolithic levels at Sitagro i (Evans
1986: figs.12.5: I, 12.9: 3). In both cases the vesse ls are asym-
metrical. with ova l in plan orifice and slightly flatted body.
They have identical profil ing and shape of the hand les and
represent not only the most precise, but in fact the only analo-
gies of the ' amphora' from Yunatsite (more detail compari-
338
son between the pottery from Yunatsite and Sitagroi see in
chapter 16).
There are no numerous asko i among the intact vessels and
fragment pottery at Yunatsite ( Figur e 26. 7: 7).
Of special interest is one unique shape. without analogies
among the publ ished Late Chalkolithic materi als in the Bal-
kans (Figur e 26,8). The orifice is obliquely cut and rounded.
and the handle is attached at the rim. The whole surface is
decorated with complicated composit ion painted with graph-
ite. The askos does not differ technologically from the other
pottery at the site. Characterist ic is the extr emely well per-
formed and the compact . burnished to shining slip. The rather
'untraditional' shape indicates more peculiar function of the
vessel.
The category of the lids includes few basic shapes only (K.I-
IV). The number of the vessels and sherds is not consider-
able. One ofthe relatively often distributed shapes in the com-
plex are the so-called pot-stands ( Figur e 26. 7: 9, 8). which
have close analogies at Krivodol ( Mikov 1948 : fig. 39d), Okol
Glava ( Petkov 1950: fig. 105c) and Telish.
Some shapes of depositorie s (pithoi) are reconstruct ed on ly,
so the distinguishing of certain types is prob lemat ic. On the
whole, the storage vesse ls with pro long spherical or spheri-
cal shape characteri ze the complex, with differently shaped.
wide or narrowed upper pan (neck) - J.I, J.1I 1, J.IV. As a
rule. the surface of the vessels is consc iously roughed. with
exception of the upper pans, which are slipped and care fully
treated. In most cases the barbotine is organized, as with fin-
gers groups ofven ical, hori zonta l and ob lique lines are shaped
( Figur e 26.9: I, 3-5), in combination with plastic bands. fin-
ger impressions and differently shaped knobs. The de fini-
tion of the analog ies of the depositories from Yunatsite to a
big extend is diffi cult because of the limited number of pub-
lished and known shapes of that type . Generally speaking.
the vessels have prolonged spherical shape. low narrow coni-
cal neck and two (or four) vertical handles attached at the
midd le body poi nt ( Figure 26.9: 2). They have analogies
among materials in the area of Northwe ste rn Bulgaria -
Krivodol (Mikov 1948: fig. 3 11') and Telish (persona l obser -
vation). In some cases big, but more precisely made vesse ls
represent the same shape. with slip and burnished surface
and rich graphite deco rati on. There are only few sherds known
from Yunatsite (Figure 26.23: 6), which have good parallels
at Sadovets, as comple te analogies characterize the ornamen-
tal system as well (Simeonova 1968: fig. 6: 10; Todorova 1992:
fig. 6; 1986: fig. IS).
Discussion and conclusions
The anal ysi s of the pottery from Yunatsite performed above
clarify in more details the ceramic complex has close corre-
lations with Telish-Redutite 3. The potte ry from Tel ish has
certainstratigraphic context and originates from closed com-
plexes . Most of the shapes dist inguished are repr esented at
the ceramic complex at Tel ish. The similarity between both
sites includes not only the formal -typo logical c loseness of
the material. but also Telish II-III and Yunatsit e have nu-
Late Chalkolithic Ceramic Style ar limarsife Tell
5 cm
~ _ ~
o
G
" - - - - - _ ~ 5 C1I1
o
o 5 c1I1
Figure 26.3. l unal.'i;te tell Lat e Cholkolithic pottery.
339
Nadezhda Todorova and Velichka Matsanova
'-__-"S cm o

I
Scm
"-----'
o

'I'

/
6
/
<L-2
cm
o 3 em
3
5
o 5 em

o Scm
Figure 26.4. tell. Late Chalko/ithic pottery.
340
l.ate Chalkolithic Ceramic Style at runatsite Tell
rnerous correlations regard ing the techniqu e of decoration.
Of interest is the existence of similar, often identical orna-
mental motifs and schemes. At the same time, there are dif-
ferences, which will be discussed elsewhere. They concern
the technological characteristic s ofthe vessels. the paste used.
the mixtures and the manner of burning. The analysis of the
material indicates they were different at the distinct sites, on
the one hand . On the othe r hand. there are some differe nces
\I ith respect to formal pecu liarities. Not all known fromTelish
shapes and types have direct correlati ons with Yunatsite, as
well as by some categories there are considerable differences.
Those conclusion s are based on the considerable part of the
whole vessel s and mass material from Tel ish II-III (unpub-
lished).
There are numerous and precise parallel s of the vessels at
Yunatsite with materia ls from Sitagroi Hlb, Sa lcura I-III,
Kolarovo I-II, Sadove ts. Kapitan Dimitrievo-Banyata MogiJa,
Bikovo, Krivodol, etc. Important are the analogies, which
originate from sites located in the eastern parts of Upper
Thrace. There are exact analogies of the mat erial from
Yunatsite at the last Chalkolithic levels at Karanovo, Sudievo,
Gulubovo - Asara, Mudrets - Gudzhova Mogila, etc.' Of in-
terest is the fact that the pottery from Yunat site has good
analogies among the mater ials in the western Balkan regions
- Kr ivodol-Salcuta complex, as we ll as among the Late
Chalkolithic sites from eastern Upper Thrace. Accordingly,
the prob lems of the ex istence of the so-called ' contact' or
' transit ion' zone occur of primary importa nce, as the mix-
ture of distinct elements and existence of cultural elements.
characteri stic of different geographical regions. In connec-
tion with that problem is the question of the manner and
ways of reali zation of the contacts between the di stinct re-
gions (Renfrew 1979). Unfortunately, there are no numerous
sites to be used for comparison of distinct complexes and
horizons with the met hods of the ' chain dating' in Upper
Thrace, whic h could allow elaboration of stable. based on
certain fact s relative chronology of the Late Chalkolith ic pe-
riod there. Recently. L. Ni kolova has e laborated a compend i-
ous investigation in this direction where the questions of the
relat ive and the absolute chronol ogy have been analyzed in
details, and a number of concl usions concerning the synchro-
nization of the distinct occurrences have been argued (Ni-
kol ova 1999: 71-89).
The key geographic posit ion of the Yunatsite tell is one of
the reasons the material from that site and especially the pot-
tery to take a considerable place in the future elabora tion of
preci se periodi zation and chronology of the Late Chalkolithic
in the Upper Thracian valley and Western Bulgar ia. The fac t
that a considerab le part ofthe vessels analyzed originate from
closed compl exes and have certain strat igraphic position. as
wel l as the preci se st rat igra phic obse rvatio n allow tell
Yunat site to be defined as a guide site for periodizat ion and
chronology ofthe Chalkolithic and Bronze Age cultures docu-
mented there.
Ann ex I
Technology
Contents of th e past e
Fine paste
he mix tures used consist of fine organic substances and of quartz
.f lowor VCI) lowconcent rat ion. Small quartz rock of very lowcon-
cntratic n was sometimes used. as well as rarely mica orvery10\,..' or
ow concentration. The clay was mostly used for shallow bowls of
t: pc 11. 2. two handled cups of type V. 1.2 and very rarely that fine
d ay was used for production of bowls and some of the miniature
vessels.
Semi fine paste
l'hc main mixtures used were fi ne quartz sand or small and high
concentration. small quartz rock with different concentration for the
different vessels (fromvery lowto high) and semi-bigquartz rockof
very 10 \,,' concentration. Fine organic mixtures were often used of
low to high concentration. A small quantity of semi-line organic
IWe are grateful to Dr. K. Lcshtakov, V. Gergov, 1. Kuncheva-
Roussevaand G. Shejlcvawho allowed us to work\vith unpublished
ceramic materials fromMudrets-Goudzhova Mogila. Teli sh- Redutite.
Sudicvo and lskrlsta, which gave a possibility for more detailed
spatial determination of tile newly excavated Late Chalkolithic pot-
le f) from Yunatsite.
matters of very 10\..' concentration was rarely added. That d ay char-
acterizes mainly the vessels of category of shallow bowl s and deep
bows (different types). two hand led cups oftype V. 2-3. lonsidcrabl)
rarely the pots and other categories (pot-stands. miniature vessels).
Semi-coarse paste
The mixtures used weresmall quartz ruckof high and Im\ concen-
tration, semi-big rock of Ion. mediumor high concentration. There
is oftenorganic mixtureof fine and not \ cry line inclusions. Mica of
10\ '" concentration wasrarely added. The mainmixture USI.: d is quartz
stone - small and semi-big of high and very high concentration fix
the distinct vessels. Very line and line organic matters were very
often added. Mica of very lowconcentration was \ cry rarely distrih-
uted.
Of all categories vessels most di stri buted arc those with semi-coarse
clay(c. 50%). The clay is used for producing orvcsscls mainly of the
categoriesof bowls, storage vessels. amphorae-like vesselsand rarer
shallow bowls.
Coarse paste
The main admixtures are quartz rockinmediumsize and rarely small
of high or very high concentration. big rock of high and medium
concentration. medi umfine sand of high concentration. There \\"CI"I,.'
semi-fine and coarse organic matters ofrncdiumand highconccntra-
34 1
Nadezhda Todorova and ' 'elichka Matsanova
-.--
r - ~
6
S
0 Scm
~
2
Q)
1
7
-e -
5 cm
" - - - ~
o
o Scm
Figure 265 )unatsite tell Late Cholko lithic pottery.
tion as well, In some cases -shamot' was added. The coarse clay was
used mainly for producing of depositories. some types of bowls, lids
and single miniature vessels.
Slipped and wash surfa cc
vessels .
Colored slip. There is only one instance of that manne r. a Clip of
type D.VI. The outer surface is cove red with thin bright rcd slip.
burnished up to shine.
Slipped surface
s-tr slip
The analysis of the ceramic mat eri al from the first and second
Chalkolithic building levels at Yunatsitc reveals the following types
of slip: fine slip; semi-tine slip. compact slip. colored slip. self-slip
and thin slip - wash.
Fine slip . Thin layer of li ne clay covers the surface of the vessels.
The slip is approximately 0.2-0.3 mm thick and it sometimes evenly
differs at the biscuit. As a rule. the slip is burnished homogeneou sly
or in strips, rarer there is evenly smoothing of the surface. The fine
slip is docume nted almost by all categories of vessels.
Semi-fi ne slip. It is mostly sitributed. The thinkness of the slip is
0.5 mm. Most of the semi-ti ne slip is evenly burnished. rarely there
is burnishi ng in strips and evenly burni shed surface.
Compact slip . It is thicker. up to 1 mm. It is clearly visible in the
biscuit of the vessels. The slip is almost always evenly burnished, in
some cases there it is burnished to shine. Smoothing and burnishing
in strips is very rarely distributed. mainly over the inner walls of the
Thcre is a thin layer. which occurred bv burn ishing of unslippcd
vessels. It is somenmes verv ditlicult to' dist inguish ti ne slip from
self-slip. The vessels with self..slip usually have burnished surface.
oft en in strips. Some types of bowls and distinct closed shapes have
evenly smoothed inner surface. There are no instances of bur nishing
to shine.
\ Vash
The wash is very thin layer of tine clay. It occurred by thc burnishing
or smoothing of the vessels. which were only ' dipped' into or ' wash'
with vcrv diluted tine clay. It is rarely distributed and it is difficult 10
distinguish the wash from self-slip. In most cases the wash covers
only some parts of the vessels - necks of the pots. upper part s of
some types of pithoi (E.II.2.2. E.IY. 1.2. J.III. 1.I). The wash can be
evenly burnished or in strips. as well as homogeneously smoothed.
Unshpped surface
It is not small the amount of the pottery without additional slip, self-
3H
Late Chalkolithic Ceramic Style at l imalsite Tell
slip or wash. Those are the vessels of different categories of semi-
coarse, and coarse clay. The outer surface of those vessels is often
consciously made roug hed through dragging or barbotine. unevenly
smooth or through smoothing. As a rule. the inner wa lls have traces
of evenly smoothing. It should be stressed the absence of unslipped
vessels from the category of the cups.
The following definitions have been used for descr iptions of the
manners of treatment of the surface: Unsmcothed surface; irregularly
smoothed surface ; even ly smoothed sur face; burni shed in strips
surface; even ly burnished (without shine) surface; shine burn ished
surface; roughed surface.
Unsmoothcd surface
The walls have no traces of additional treatment. In most cases the
outer surface of the vessel is smoothed only. As the irregular smooth-
ing. unsmoothed surface can be related to the unshpped pottery made
of semi-coarse and coarse clay. The vessels wit h unsmoothed sur-
face are not distributed in most categories of vessels. Several ma n-
ners we re distingui shed.
I r r t ' ~ u l a r l ~ ' smoo thed sur face
That mann er is relatively rarely distributed . There are clear traces of
careless smoothing over the outer and inner surface of the vessels.
The suing of instrument is often doc umented. mos t probabl y putty
knife of wood or bone. hard ' broom' etc. The irregular smoothing is
always connected with unslippcd surface and is not documented by
the categories of bowls and amph orae -like vessels.
Eve nly smoo thed surface
Along wit h the evenly burnishing it is the widest mann er of surface
treatment. It is registered by all categorie s of vessels. but weakest by
the bowls where the burnished surface dominat es. There is no clear
connection wi th the over-layering of the vessel wall s. The evenly
smoothed surface characterizes the slip. as wel l as unslipped pot tery.
The re are very often vessels and fragment s with evenl y smoothed
inner surfa ce in combinat ion wit h burni shed outer surface. The last
is especi ally characteristic of c ups. pots. amphorae-like vessels and
some types of bowls.
Burnished in str ips surface
The burnishing is irregular. There arc distinct groups of strips. which
mark the direct ion and manner of burnishing. In almost all cases
registered the strips are horizontal. Most probabl y a bone or stone
smoother was used for the sur face treatment. A cons iderable part of
the vessels before the burnishing we re slipped. as fine slip and self-
slip was most distributed. rarer semi-fine slip. There arc no instances
registered of combination of compact slip with strips burn ished.
Evenly burnished SUI'f ; ICl'
The surfa ce is evenly burnished. luster less. In most cases the bur-
nished in this man ne r vessels have ti ne. semi-li ne or compact slip.
rarel y ther e is self-slip or was h. There is no interrela tion between
the color of the vessel and the existence of burni shing. as by the rest
ways of sur face treatment. The evenly burn ishing is especially char-
acteristic of the vessels of the categories of shallow bow Is where it
is distr ibuted among all basic forms. It should be stressed in the
cat egories of pots. a mphorae-like vessels. pithoi and some types of
bowl s the burnishing is doc umented over the outer sur face onl y.
Shi ne bu rnish ed surface
Thc surface is evenly burnished. polished and has strong shine. The
vessel surfaces with shine burnished arc cove red with compact slip.
In 0 11 of the cases there is bright red coloring (D.VI). The other ves-
sels have evenly compact black color. as the burnishing is registered
oyer the outer surface only.
Rou ghed surface
The vessels and the fragments with consciousl y roughed surface are
numerous. The widest tech nique distributed is barbotine. in rare cases
there are chaotic dragging. Th at manner. along with the last two
Annex 2
Classification of the pottery from Yunatsite
A. A CATEGORY OF SHALLOW BOWLS
A.I. Deep shallow bowls with cortical shape.
A.l. I . Strai ght-sided.
A.I. I . l . Strai ght- sided , straight orifice.
A.I. 1.l.a. The rim is rounded.
A.I. I. 1.b. The rim is evenly cut.
A.I. 1.2. Straight walls. the orifice is slightly out cur ved .
A LI .3. Straight walls. the orifice is with slightly thickened mner
wall and rounded rim.
A.I.2. Walls in lowly constructed at the orifi ce.
A ll . Flaring conical shallow bowls with straight-sided.
A.1I. 1. Unthic kencd orifice.
AlI.I .I . Round rim.
A.Il .l .2. Straight rim.
A II.2. Thickened inturned rim.
AII.2. 1. Ro unded rim.
A II.2.1.a. A ledge attached at the rounded part of the rim.
AII. 2.l.h. Rounded rim with a groove lit the middle point.
AII.2.2. Evenly cut on the top of the orifice rim.
AIl .2.3. The rim is obliquely cut 0 11 the inner side or the orifice.
A Il.3. The int urned rim. highly thicken ed and twi sted on the inner
side of the orifice.
A.lIA. The rim is slightly thickened all the inner side.
AnA.!. The rim is rounded.
A.ll.4.2. The rim is worn thin.
A.Ill . Open shallow bowls with semi-globular or conical shape and
lowly squat walls.
AlII.1. Uuthickcncd orifice.
AIlI.I.!. The rim is worn thin lind rounded.
A lIl. I.2. Eq ually cut rim.
A.1JI.2. The rim is thickened and rounded.
A.1II.3. Lowly inclined ori fice wi th lowl y incurvcd thickened rim.
A IJl.4. The orilice is lowly outcurved. rim is slightly thickened
and rou nded.
A IV Shallovv bowls with conical body and short and straight
upper part
A.lV I _The oritice is straightly cut on the inner side and squat on
the outer sidc. - without "of the walls"
A IV l . l. The carinat ion is gently shaped on the inner side.
3B
Nadezhda Todorova and Velichka Matsanova
2
.j
-e -
':......._.....:5 em
o
,
.'
-.-
.-
Figure 16. 6. YUIllIIi'ite tell. Late Chulkolithic pOIlI!I)'.
344
[ ale Chalkolithic Ceramic Style at Yunalsite Tell
3
o 5 cII1
5
()
Scm
1
()
S cm
2
]
o 5cII1
o 5cm
tL....:,'i CII1 8
'-__--:; 5 CIl1
()
() 5 CII1
7
Figure 26. 7. H m a t . ~ i t e tell Late Chalkoluhic porter)'.
345
Nadezhda Todorova and Velichka Matsanova
A IY.1.2. Incl ined orifice with a sharp car ination.
A.lV,2. Strai ght orifice the rim worn thin on the inner side.
A.lv'3. Stra ight orifice with sharp carination at the bot h sides
A.l V.3.1. Rounded rim.
A. IV.3.2. The rim is worn thin and rounded.
A V. Shallow bowl s with conical body. straight walls and short
incli ned upper part.
A.Y.I. The upper part is WI")' short.
A.Y. I. I. Thickened and rounded rim.
A.Y.1.2. Thickened rim with straight inner wall.
AY.2. Short upper part. Highly incurved and thic kened rim.
AV.3. Short upper pan . lI ighly incurved rim. worn thin.
A. VA. Short upper part . Highly incurved rim. without thickening.
A VA. I. Rounded rim.
A VA.2. The rim is even ly cut.
A. Y.4.3. The rim is \vorn thi n.
A VI. Conica l shallow bowls wit h straight walls and incurved
orifice .
A. VI. I. Lowl y incurvcd rim.
A. VI. 1.2. Evenl y cut rim.
A.VI.l. The rim is highl y incurvcd.
AVII. Shallow bowls with sharp carination and out curved rim.
A.VI I. I The uppe r part is straight the rim is slightly cur ved.
A VII. 1.1. The rim is rounded.
A VII.I .l. The rim is worn thin.
AVII.1.3 . The rim is highl y thicke ned on the top and rounded.
AVIL2. Carinated bowls with outcurved orifice.
A. VII.2. 1. The carination is gent ly shaped inside.
A. VII.2. 2. The carinat ion is sharply shaped inside
A. VII.2. 3. Highly everted prolong rim. gent ly shaped carination.
A.V I1.2.4. The rim is thickened and obliquely cut on the inner
side..
A. VIII . Biconi cal shallow bowls wi t h thickened and different ly
shaped carinat ion .
A.VIIL I. The carination is sharply shaped inside.
A.VIII. I. I. Round rim.
A.VIII. 1.2. The rim is worn thin.
AV1I 1.2. The carination is rounded outside the wall.
A.V II1.2. 1. The rim is rounded.
AVII1.2.2. The rim is eq ually cut.
AVII1.2.3. The rim is slightly profiled out side and rounded.
A. VIII.3. The cari nat ion is thi ckened.
A.VIII.3. 1. The upper part is very short.
A.V III.3. l.a. There is small hori zontal handle attached at the
carination.
A. VIII.3. l. b. Without hand le.
A.VIII.3.2. The upper pan is higher. slight ly incli ned in.
B. A CATEGORY OF DEEP BOWLS.
RI. I. Open semi-spheroid deep bowls.
B. I. I. I. The rim is rounded .
B. 1. I.2. The rim is equ ally cut.
8. 1.1.3. The rim is worn thin.
8.1. 2. Semi-spheroid bowls with incurved upper part
R I.2. !. The rim is rounded.
13 .1.2.2. The rim is ob liquely cut.
B.1.2.3. The rim is worn thin.
8. 1.2.4. The rim is slightly thickened and equally cut.
lU I. Necked semi-spheroid bowls.
B.1I.1. The carination is gently shaped. The orifice is slightly out
curved.
13.11, 1. 1. The rim is rounded.
13. 11. 1.2. The rim is worn thin inside and rounded.
R 11. 2. Well-shape d short neck and inverted ori fice.
RJ I.3. Well-shaped neck. The orifice is straight and thickened
inside.
8.111. Bowl s with flatted spheroid shape and short neck.
346
8. 111.1. The neck is very short. gently shaped.
8.111.2. Short neck, divi ded fro m the body by a groove . Thickened
inside rim and rounded.
B.l 11.2.1. St raight walls. without thickening.
B.l I!.3. Moderately high neck. divided from the body h) a groove .
Thickened rim. rounded.
B. IV. Biconical deep bowl s.
B.lY. 1. Biconical dee p bowls with straight walls.
B.l Y.I. I. The carin atio n is gently shaped.
I3.IY.I.2. The carinatio n is sharply shaped.
B.JY.2. Biconical deep bowls with st raight lower part and s l i g h t l ~
quad upper part . The orifice is weakly everted. without thicke ni ng.
rounded .
B.lY.3. Biconi cal bowl s. with short upper part and thickened
outside carination.
B.IV.3. I. The rim is roun ded.
B.IY.3.2. The rim is thicken ed outside and inside .
B.lv' 3.3. The rim is worn thin and rounded .
8. IV.3A. The rim is flat cut.
B.V. Deep bowl s with spheroid and con ical lower pan and upper
pan shaped as truncated cone.
B.Y.1. Lower straight wall s. The carination is gent ly shaped.
B. Y.2. The walls in the lower part arc slightly inverted. The
cari nat ion is stressed.
B.VI. Deep spouted bowls.
B.VI.I . Semi-spheroid body.
B. VI.I .I . The lowe r pans of the body walls arc squat.
B.VI. 1.2. The lower parts of the bod y wall s are slightly inclined
B.VI.2. Flatted spheroid body with diff erently shaped upper part .
B.VI. 2. 1. VCI")' short neck. The rim is slightlv everted and thickened
on the inner side.
B.VI.2.2. Medium high. clearly separated from the body neck.
Rounded rim.
B.VI.3 . Biconica l body with thickened carination.
B.VII. Biconical deep bowls with two vertical handles attached at
the upper part of the body and thickened carination.
B.VII. I. Biccnical bowls. The walls in the lowe r body part arc
slightly squat. Weakly everted rim.
B.VII .2. Biconical bov..-ls. The walls are squat in their lower part .
The hand les are anac hed at the carinat ion. Sma ll conical pedestal
base.
S. VB.3. Biconical bowl. Strai ght walls . The carination is stressed.
thickened and rounded.
8.VII.3. I. Vertical strap-handles.
S. VII.3.2. Vertica l handles with horn- like projec tion.
S. VIL4. Biconical. shallow bowl s. Stra ight \\ ails. The carinat ion is
thickened and rounded.
B. VIII. Biconical bowl s with very wide l1 at bottom - " pi xis" .
B.VIII. I. Spheroid " pixis"
B.VIII.2. The "pixis' shaped as truncated cone.
C. CATEGORY OF JUGS
C. I. Prol ong body. High cylindrical neck gently shaped. Rounded.
slightly profil ed out -curved orific e. There is a handle under the
rim of the vessel.
D. CATEGORY OF CUPS
0 .1. Handless cup. Prolong S-profile. The widest part is thick -
ened. Thinned rim inside and outside.
0 .11. Handless cup. Almost biconical body with short cylindrical
neck. Pedestal conical base .
0 .11 1. One handled cups. Biconical shape and short wide neck.
0 .111.I. Straight orifice . The rim is rounded.
D.III.2. Sli ghtl y eve rted and thi nned rim.
D.lY. Two-handled. biconical high cups.
D.lV. 1. Without thickening at the carination po int. The handl es
Late Chalkolithic Ceramic Style at Yunatsite Tell
raise slightly higher above the orifice.
DJ V 1.1. The rim is straight and rounded .
D.IV 1.2. The rim is slightly out curved , rounded .
D.IV2. Thickened carination.
D.V Two-handled, biconical cups.
D.V. I . Sharpl y shaped carinat ion wit hout thickening and slightly
out curved rim.
D.Vl . l . The rim of the orifice is equally cut.
D.V.1.2. The rim is rounded.
D.VI .3. The rim is worn thin and round ed.
D.V2. Sharply shaped carination with thickened. and slightly
profi led out curved rim.
D.V2.1. The rim is equally cut (with rhomb cross section) .
D.V2.2. The rim is worn thin and rounded.
D.V3. Sharpl y shaped carination and straight rim.
D.V3. 1. The rim is rounded.
D.'1.3.2. The rim is worn thin and rounded.
D.'1.4. Gentl y shaped carination. The rim is rounded .
D.'1.4.1. Round cross-secti on .
D.V4.2. Oval cross-section .
D.VI . Handless biconical small cup s with sharp shaped earinati on
D.VI.l. Hi gh.
D.VI .2. Short
D.VII . Cups with spheroid and conical shape. The rim is worn thin
outside, and equally cut
Import (1).
E. CATEGORY OF THE POTS
E.1. Pots with prolong spheroid body, without neck.
E. 1.1. The walls are squat.
E.I.2. The wall s arc slightly untlatted.
Efl. Necked with prolonged spheroid body.
Ejl. I. Medium high conical neck.
E.n. 2. Medium high cylind rical neck.
Ejl.Ll . The upper part of the body is untlatted.
E.n .2.2. The lower part of the body is slightly inclined toward the
nat base.
E.m. Pots with tlatted spheroid body.
E.IlI. l . Pots with tlatted spheroid body and slightly out curved rim.
E.m. 2. Pots with flatted spheroid body and short neck.
E.lY. Pot s with tlatted spheroid body and high conical neck
E.IV I . Pots with Ilattcd spheroid body. Two horizontal handles
attached under the neck.
E.IV I. 1. The rim is rounded.
E.lV I .2. The rim is worn thin and rounded .
E.IV2. Pot s with tlatted spheroid body. The transition towards the
neck is shaped with a deviation.
Slightly out curved rim.
E.V Pots with S-profilc.
E.VI . Biconical pots with slightly shaped cari nation without
thickening.
E.VI.I . The walls are slightly untl atted . No neck . Small horizo ntal
handles under the orifice.
E.VI .2. Straight walls. Short . gently shaped neck
E.VI.3. The wall s are slightly untlatted. Short cylindrical neck
shaped with a deviation.
E.Vll . Biconical pot s wit h thickened and gently shaped carination.
E.Vll. l . The thickene d carination is gently shaped.
E.Vn.2 . The thickened can nation is shaped with deviation.
E. VII.2. 1. The rim is straight and equall y cut.
E. VTI .2.2. The rim is slightly out-curved. worn thin and rounded.
E.VIII. Biconical pot s with sharply sha ped carination.
E. VIII. I. The rim is straight and round ed.
E.VIll.2. The rim is slightly out-curved and worn thin.
E Category of amphorae- like vessels.
F I. Prolong spheroid body with gently shaped cylindrical neck.
ELI . Cross-section close to square. Wide con ical neck. The
vertical handl es started from the middle point of the neck and arc
highly widened aside.
E1.2. Narrow conical neck . The handle s are attached low under
the orifice.
El 2. 1. Oval cross-section of the neck.
En . Flatted spheroid body with slightly shaped cylindrical nec k.
En . 1. The hand les start j ust under the orifice.
En.2. The handl es starts from the middle point of the neck.
Elll . Biconical amphorae-like vessels with gently shaped
ca rination.
ElV Biconieal amphorae-like with shar ply shaped carination.
G. ' VASE'
G.I. Flatted spheroid hody with high cylindrical neck. The middle
body part is thicke ned. Two vertical handles started from the
medium point of the neck. The ir lower ends arc attached at the
widest part of the body.
G.B. Flatted spheroid body and high narrow cylindrical neck.
Small vertica l hand le attached at the wide st body part.
II. CATEGORY OF ASKOI
HI. Oval body with irregularly shaped slightly flatted body. The
orifice is obliquely cut raising up. The rim is worn thin and
rounded. Oval cross-sect ion of the orifice . Handle attached 10 the
wall of the upper body part.
H.IL Unique shape.
J . CATEGORY OF DEPOSITORIES (PITIIOI)
J.I. Prolonged rounded body. short vertical neck . No handles.
J.I.1 . The rim is equally cut.
J.1.2. The rim is rounded.
1.11. Prolonged . rounded body and high gently shaped neck.
1.m. Prolonged . spheroid body and short narrow neck.
Llll . L Stra ight walls at the lower part . Clearly distingui shed
cylind rical neck.
1.III.I.I. The rim is obliquely cut. Two (or I) big handles arc
attached 10 the upper body part .
l .IIJ. I .2. The rim is rounded. Two handles at the medium part of
the boor.
J.1iI.2. The wall of the lowe r body part are slightly unt1atted . The
turning point towards the neck is gently shaped. Two vertical handles
attached to the widest part of the body.
J.lV Depositorie s with flatt ed spheroid body.
J .Iv'1. Without neck.
J .IV2. Gentl y shaped. short and wide neck.
J.V Biconieal depositories with thickened carina tion and two
vertical handl es.
J. V I. Biconical depositories with sharply shaped carination.
l .V I. " The rim is rounded.
l .V 1.2. The rim is worn thin on the inner side of the wall.
1.V2. Biconical depositories with rounded thickened cari natiou.
j ,V2.1. The rim is obliquely cut and rounded.
J.V2.2. Th rim is rounded .
J.VI. Ope n, deep depositories with coni cal shape and slightly
inverted upper part.
K. CATEGORY OF THE LIDS
K.I. Oven lid. Conical shape. I ligh handle.
K.II. Flat lids with weakly inverted profile. A big handle attached
to the upper wall.
K.ill. High lid with semi-spheroi d shape.
K.rn. I . Equally cut base and opening at the middle part.
K.II1.2. Rounded base. eve rted and pouring rim.
KJ V. Lids with conical shape.
Nadezhdo Todorova and I etichka Matsanova
K.IV.I . High conical lid. Horizontal opening at the upper part.
K.lV.2. Low conical lids.
K.l V.2.1. The base is slightly inverted. gently shaped.
K.lV.2.2. The base is refracted.
K.l Y.2.3. The lower part is carinated. so that the rim is slightly
everted.
L. CATEGORY OF TIl E POT -STANDS
L.J. Pot-stands with unflatted middle body part and equally cui
cylindrical bases.
L.II Pot-Stands with inclined at the middle part walls.
L.ILI. Short stands. The walls are slightly inclined. The bases arc
rounded.
L.11.2. High stands. The walls are slightly inclined. The bases are
rounded.
L.11.3. High stands. The walls are highly inclined. The bases are
rounded.
M. MI NIATURE YESSELS
M.1.I. Conical shape with short vertical upper part. The rim is
worn thin.
M.I.2. Biconical shallow bowls.
M.1.2. 1. The rim is straight and rounded. Four horizontal handles.
M.I!. Deep bowls.
M.lI.I. Bowls with semi-spheroid shape. The rim is rounded.
M.I!. !. !. Flat base.
M.lJ.1.2. Round bottom and four vertical handles.
M.II!. Pots.
M.l II. I. Pots with prolonged. rounded body. No neck.
MJ 11. 2. Pots with prolonged rounded body. short conicalneck and
everted rim.
M.IIL3. Pots with spheroid shape.
M.m.3. !. Very short. gently shaped neck. Two horizontal handled
under the orifice.
M.1I1.3.2. Short cylindrical neck clearly shaped. Two horizontal
handled under the orifice.
M.1I1. 3.3. Short. very narrow neck. The rim ofthe orifice is highlj
everted. Unique shape.
M.1Y. Model ofa cup with two handles.
M.!. Shallow bowls.
a
b
d
~ __...:; 5 cm o
c
Figure 26.8. HUUltsitl! tell. Late Chllllw/ithic potter)'.
348
Late Chalkolithic Ceramic Stvle . . at Junatsite Tell
2
3
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...... & - -- =
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-- -
5
Figure 269 . () -
.. lu nat.,ite tell La ---.J em
t e Ch alkolitbic p ottery.
3-l9
;
Nadezhdo l odorova and I ehchka Matsanova
,
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Figure 16. /0. Yunatsit e tell. Lute Chalkolitlric pottery.
Annex No. 3
Cata logue of the intact vessels
I . A shallow Bowl. Light brown. uneven color inside and outside.
The surface is slipped and burnished in strips outside and inside.
Semi coarse paste. Diameter orifice - 39 em: diameter bottom - 8
em: height - 12 em. House 12. No. 2047. Historical Museum
Pazardzhik No. 4849. Figure 26. /: t .
2. A slrallow Bowl. Dark brown color out side and inside. Slipped
surface. burnished inside. sel f-s lip outside. burnished in strips. The
paste is semi-line. Brown biscuit. Diameter orifice - 44 em: diam-
eter bottom - 9.8 em: height - 14 em. House 4. No. 2046. Figure
26. /:2.
3. A shallow Bowl. Black color out side and inside. single light brown
spots. Slipped and burnished surface. The paste is semi-line. Di-
ameter orifice - 42 ern: height preserved - 12 ern. House 3. Figure
26. / :3.
4. A shallow Bowl. Light brown color with a black spot outside and
homogenous inside. Slipped surface and burnished in strips inside
350
and outside. Semi -fine to tine paste. Diameter orifice - 31 em: diam-
eter bottom - 8 em; height - 13 em. House 5. No. 1923. Historical
Museum Pazardzhik No. 4750. Figure 26. / : 4.
5. A shallow Bowl.. Dark brown to black color outside and inside.
Self slip surface burni shed in strips. The paste is semi-coarse. Diam-
eter orifice - 16 em; diameter bottom - 5.2 em: height - 7. 1 ( Ill .
House 4. No. 1753. Historical Museum Pazardzhik No. -I::! 96. Fig-
ure 16.1: I.
6. A shallow Bowl.. Brown. irregular outside. with black and light
brown spots: brown homogenous inside. Very line slip (wash} sur-
face. burnished in strips outside. unslipped smoothed inside. Coarse
paste. Bottom - medium sized and big. stone. big organic matters.
Diameter orifice - 33 em: diameter bottom - S.5 em: maximum di-
ameter - 35; height - II em. Ilouse 5. No. 1921. Historical Museum
Pazardzhik No. 4762. Figure 26.2: 2.
7. A shaffow Bowl. Gray and black color \\ ith single brown SpOh
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'J . Table 26. l .luna1.,. ;/(, / ('/L Clossificatum of pottery. Late Chulk olitluc:
Nadezltda Todorova and Velichka Matsanovo
outside. black inside . Slipped sur face. burnished in strips out side.
evenl y burn ished inside. The paste is semi coarse. Bottom - sand.
organic matt er. Diamet er orifice - 15 em; diameter bottom - 4.5 em;
maximum diameter - 15.7: height - 5.3 cm . Bouse I. No. 1816.
Historical Museum Pazardzhik No. 4787. Figu re 26.2: 3.
8. A shallow Bowl. Light brown. irregular inside and outside. Slip
surface, burn ished inside and out side. The paste is semi-ti ne. Black
biscuit with two dark brown strips. Bottom - at the lower part of the
vessel, by the bottom, ther e is additionally attached band of paste.
Diameter orifice - 30 COl: diameter bottom - 10 em; maximum di-
ameter - 32; height - I I em. House 5. No. 2 106. Hi storical Museum
Paza rdzhik ( 1996) . Figure 26. 2: 4.
9. A Jeep bowl. Dark brown to black color. black inside. Smoothed
surface in the upper part inside and outside. without slip; the lower
part is consciously roughed. Paste is semi-coa rse. Bottom - sa nd.
Diameter orifice - 16.4 ern; diameter bott om - 9 em; height - 10.4
em. House 4. No . 1760. Historical Museum Pazardzhik No. 4430.
figure 26.3: I.
10. A deep howl . Brown. irregul ar co lor. with darker and lighter
spots outside and dark brown to black outside. Smoothed surface
outside and inside, withou t slip. The paste is semi-coarse. Bottom _
sand and fine organic matt er. Diameter orifice - 14 em: diameter
bottom - 8.4 em: maximum diameter - 16.5 em: height - 9.7 cm.
House 12. No. J965 . Historical Museum Pazardzhik No. 4793. fig-
ure 26.3: 2.
II . A deep howl. Beige and brown irregular color. with black spots.
The surface is without slip. in the upper part burni shed outside and
inside . Paste is coarse - semi-coa rse. Black homogenou s biscuit.
Bottom <sand and fine organic matter. Diameter orifi ce - 20 ern;
diameter bott om - 9.5 em; maximum diame ter - 23 em: height -
11.2 em, House 12. No. J963. Historical Mu seum Pazardzhik No.
4792. Figure 26..3: 3.
12. A deep bowl. Gray and brown. irregular color. dark brown with
black spots outs ide and inside. The surface is without slip. roughly
smoothed (perhaps with a hard broom). Paste is coarse. Bottom -
with sand and clear traces of fine cloths. Diameter orifice - 16 em:
diamete r bottom - II em; maximum diameter - 20.5 ern; height -
14 em. House I. No. 1394. Historical Museum Pazardzhik No. 3890.
Figure 26.3: +.
13. A deep bowl. Gray and black irregular color, reddish spots out-
side and inside. The surface is without slip, burnished out side un-
der the rim, the lowe r part of the body is with barbotine organized in
oblique vertical bands. Paste is medium coarse. Diameter orifice _
18 ern; diame ter bottom - 13 ern; heig ht ~ 16 cm. Hou se 1. No.
1390. Historical Museum Pazardzhik No. 3887. Figure 26.3: 5.
14. A deep spouted bowl. Bro\\TI irregular color. single darker and
lighter spots out side and inside . Slipped surface. smoothed out side
and inside in the upper part, but the lower part towards the bottom
is coarse, unsmoothed. Paste is semi-coa rse. Bottom - sand. Di am-
eter oritice - 14 em. diameter bottom - II em: maximum diameter -
18.5 em; height - 13.3 em. House 3. No. 1912. Historical Museum
Pazardzhik No. 4733. Figure 26..3: 6..
15. A deep spouted howl. Light brown. reddish outside and inside.
The surface is without slip. roughly smoo thed inside and outside .
Paste is coarse. Bottom - very coarse , a con siderable amount of
stone up to 6-7 mm big. A addition band attached to the lower part
of the vessel. perhaps for sta bling of the bottom (1). Diameter ori-
fice - 2 1 em: diameter bono," - 14.5 em: maximum diameter - 32
em; hei ght - 19 ern . House 3. No . 204R. Historical Mu seum
Pazardzhik No. 485 1. Figure 26.3: 7.
352
16 . A pol . Black color outside a nd inside. Fine slipped surface.
smoothed in the upper part outside and inside . the lowe r part out -
side is without slip. smoothed and sandy. Finc paste. Diameter ori-
fice - 9.5 em; diameter bottom - 4.8 em: maximum diameter - 16.5
em; height - 12 em. House 12. Depth - 5.20 m. No. 2030. Histori-
cal Museum Pazardzhik No. 4833 . Figure 26 .J: 1.
17. A deep howl. Gra y a nd brown. irregular color. reddish burnt
spots. Slipped su rface. burn ished outsid e. smoothed inside. Fine
paste. Evenly brown biscuit. Diamete r orifice - 14.5-15 C!) em; di-
ame ter bottom - 7 em; maximum diameter - 20.6 em: hei ght pre-
served - IS ern. House 12. No. 2048. Historical Museum Pazardzhik
No. 4851. Figure 26. 4: 2.
18. A deep bowl . Brown col or. irregular out side. erav and brown
inside. Slipped surface outside, in strips inside. Paste is semi-ti ne.
Black biscuit with brown strips. Diameter orifice ~ 21.4 em; diam-
eter bottom - 10 em; maximum diameter - 33 em; height recon-
structed - 25 em. Hou sc 1. Figure 26..J: 3. ~
19. A deep howl. Brown color outside and inside. Fine slip surface.
burnished in its upper part . the lower part is smoothed. sandv. Paste
is semi-fine. Dark brown biscuit wi th two brown strips. H ~ l I s e I .
Diameter oritice - 28 ern: maximum diameter - 48 em; height pre-
served - 23 cm. House I. Figure 26. .J: +.
20. A deep bowl. Gray and black to black outside and inside. Slipped
surface in the upper part and burnished. The lower part is without
slip, smoothed. sandy. Paste is semi coarse. Diameter orifice - 28
em: diameter bottom - 10 em; maximum diameter - 31 em: height
- 21 em. House I. No. 1497. Historical Museum Pazardz hik No
4023. Figure 26. .J: 5.
2 1. A deep bowl. Brick red outside. secondary burnt brown inside.
The sur face is with slip. even ly burnished ol;tsidc. in strips inside.
Paste is semi -fi ne, sandy. Brick red biscuit. Diameter orifice - 20
em; diameter bottom - 7.4 em: maximu m diameter - 24 em: height
- 17.3 em. House 2. Figure 26..J: 6.
22. A deep bowl. Very dark irregul ar color. spot s outside and inside.
Slipped surface, burnished. in fields with red ochre - unsmoothed.
covered with fine slip or self-slip. smoothed inside. Semi-fine paste.
Res tored. Bo ttom - coa rse organic matt er. Diameter ori fice - 25
em; diameter bottom - 9 ern; maximum diameter - 30 ern; height -
18 em. House 1. No. 1393. Historical Museum Pazardzhik No. 3888 .
Figure 26..J: 7.
23. A two handled cup . Black color outside a nd inside. Slipped
surface. burni shed to shining outside. smoothed inside. Paste is tine.
Black biscuit. Diameter oritiee - 6 em; diameter bottom 2.8 em:
maximum diamet er - 8.6 ern; height - 5 em. I louse 3. Sq. KIt dept h
- 5.63 m; vessel lOa. No. 2042 . Historical Museum Pazardzhik No.
4843. figure 26.5: I .
24. A two handled cup . Gray and black color outside and inside.
Slipped sur face. burnished outside and inside. Paste is semi-ti ne .
Diameter oritiee - 8.5 em; diameter bottom - 3.5 em: height - 5.5
em. House I. No. 1373. Historical Museum I' azardzhik No. 3898.
Figure 26.5: 3. -
25 . A two handled cup . Gray and black to black color outside and
inside. Slipped surface. burni shed outside and inside. Paste is semi-
fine. Diameter oritice - 9 em: diameter bottom - 3.5 em: height - 7
em. House I. No. 1374. Historical Museum Pazardzhik No. 389 7.
Figure 265: .J.
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Table 26.2. l unats;h' tell: Classification of pottery. Late Chulkolithic
Nadezhda Todorova and Ielichka Matsanova
26. A two handled cup. Black color outside and inside. Slipped sur-
face, burnished outside and inside. Paste is semi fine. Diameter ori-
fi ce - 5 em; diameter bottom - 2.8 em: height - 5 em. Ii ouse I. No.
1378. Historical Museum Pazardzhik No . 3896. Figu re 26.5: 5.
27. A two handled cup. Light gray. gray and beige out side. brown
spots inside. Fine slip surface out side. burni shed : inside - smoothed.
Paste is semi-coarse. Black biscuit with two brown strips. Diameter
orifice - 8.4 em: diameter bottom - 3.8 em: height - 7.5 ern. The first
hor izon. Figure 26.5: 6.
28. A two handled bowl . Black irreg ular color. single dark brown
spots. Surface with slip in tr ips. smoothed with traces of burn ishing
out side. evenly smoothed outside. Paste is semi coarse. Botto m -
sandy. orga nic matter. Diameter orific e - 26.4 ern: diameter bottom -
7 em: maximum di ameter - 30 em: height - 15.2 em. House 4. No.
1758. Histor ical Museum Paza rdzhik No. 4429. Figure 26. 5: 7.
29. An amphora-lik e pot . Brown. irregul ar color outside and inside.
Surface with self slip outside in the upper pan. in the rest - evenly
smoothed. Past e is semi-coarse. Restored. Diameter orifice - 8.2 em:
diameter bottom - 6.7 em: max imum dia meter - 16 em: height -
12.8 em. House 3. No. 1918. Historical Museum Pazardzhik No.
4747. Figure 26.6: I .
30. All amphora-like pot. Brown irregu lar color. single dar ker and
reddish spots outsi de and inside. Slipped surfa ce. smoothed out side.
Paste is semi-coarse. Bott om - stone of medi um size. Diameter ori-
Iicc - 7.6 em: diamete r bottom - 6.4 ern: maximum di ameter - 16.3
em: height - 17,4 em. House 4. No . 176 1. Historical Museum
Pazardzhi k No. 340. Figure 26. 6: 2.
3 1. An amphora-like pot. Light brown irregular color. with darker
spots outs ide and inside. Slipped surface . burni shed outside and
smoothed eve nly inside. Paste is semi-coarse. Restored. Diameter
orifice - 7.5 em: di ameter bottom - 6.4 cm: maximum diameter - 17
em: height - 2 1 em. House 1 (?) . No. 1392. Historical Museum
Pazardzhi k No. 3885. Figure 26.6: 3.
32. An amphora-litep OI. Dark brown. irregular color. gray and black
spots outside and inside . Fine slip (washing) surface. burni shed in
the upper pan outside. the rest of the vessel is smoothed. Paste is
semi-coarse. Bottom - sandy, Diameter orifice - 8.4 cm: diameter
bottom - 4.2 em: maximum di ameter>- 14 em: height - 15 cm. House
4. No. 1752. Historical Museum Pazardzhik No. 4292. Figure 26.6:
4.
33. A pot. Dark brown to black color. spots outside and inside. Slipped
surface. burnished in the upper pan outside and inside. the lower
part is smoothed. Paste is semi-coarse. Bottom - sandy. Diamet er
orifice - 8.5 em: di ameter bottom - 6.4 em: maximum diameter -
15.2 em: height - 13.5 cm. House 4. No. 1757. Histor ical Museum
Pazardzhik No. 4431. Figure 26.6: 5.
34. A pot. Gray and brown. irregul ar colo r. gray spots. Slipped sur-
lace. in the upper part burnished. in the lowe r pan smoothed. Paste
is semi-coarse. Bott om - -shamot ' . sandy. Diameter orific e - 7.5 em:
di ameter bottom - 6 ern: maxi mum diameter - 15 em: height - 13
em. Sq. T6. heapi ng. No. 1789. Histori cal Museum Pazardzhik No.
4670. Figu re 26.6: 6.
35. A pot . Black color outside and inside. Slipped surface. burni shed
in the upper pan outside. without slip in the rest pan . smoothed.
Paste is semi -coarse. Brown biscuit with two thin black strips out-
side and inside. Diamete r orifice - 10 em: diameter bottom - 9 cm:
maximum diameter - 20.5 em: height - 20.3 em. Sq. M9. heaping.
No. 2065. Figure 26.6: 7.
354
36. A sph erical pot. Light brown. little brick reddi sh outside and
inside. Se lf-slip surface burni shed outside and inside. Paste is semi-
fine. very sandy. Homogenous biscuit. light brown. Diameter ori-
fice - 4.3 em: diameter bottom - 3. 1 er n: maximum diameter - 12,4
em: height - 11.7 em. House 4. No. 1979. Hi storical Museum
Pazardzhik No. 4783. Figure 26. 7: I .
37. 'A vase' . Gray and black. irregular color. single und brown
spots, Slipped surface. burni shed outside and inside. Paste is semi -
coarse . Diameter or ifice - 6 em: diameter bottom - 4.5 ern: maxi-
mum diameter - 17 em: height - 19 em. I2. next 10 gravc
No. 76. No. 1982. Historical Museum Pazardzhik No. H 97. Fig-
ure 26.6: 2.
38. A pot. Light brown. little brick-reddi sh color. Sel f slip surfac e
burni shed out side and inside. Paste is semi-ti ne. very sandy. Ho-
mogenous biscuit . light brown. Smoothed bott om. Diameter or ifice
- 5.3 em; d iameter bottom - 3.5 em: maximum di ameter - 10.6 em:
height - 10 em. House 2. No. 1684. Historical Museum Paza rdzhi k
No. 4286. Figure 26. 7.- 3.
39. A pot. Compact red outside. gray and beige spots inside. Com-
pact s lip surface. burn ished to shining out side. self slip evenly
smoo thed inside. Paste is semi- fine. Homogenous blac k biscuit.
Diameter orifice - 7 em: diameter bottom - 8 em: maximum diam-
eter - 21 em: he ight - 16 em. House 3. No. 2050. Historical Mu-
seum Paza rdzhik No. A780. Figure 26. 7: 4.
40. A jug. Light brown. irregul ar color. grayish spots outside and
inside. Surface wit h tine slip (se lf slip " ). burni shed outside.
smoothed inside. Paste is semi- tine. Gray biscui t with two brown
strips. Diame ter orifice - 8.5 em: diameter bottom - 8.5 ern: maxi-
mum diameter - 18.5 ern: height - 22 em. Sq. M9. heaping. No.
2062. Figure 26. 7: 5.
41. A cup. Import (?) . Bright red color outside. brown inside. The
surface is with very fine slip and burni shed to shining. There are
two irregul ar brown spots. The inner surface is roughly treated and
partially smoo thed. Paste is semi-ti nt: with a lot of coarse quartz
sand . Red and brown bisc uit. in the middle thin dark brown strip.
Diameter orific e - 7.5 em: diame ter bott om - 2.5 em: maximum
diameter - 8.5 em; height reconstructed - c. 7.5-8 em. Sq. P. Figure
26. 7: 6.
42. An askos. Mi niat ure vessel. Dark brown to black. irregular color.
single spots out side and inside. The surface is wit hout slip. smoothed.
with traces of washing. Paste is semi-coarse. Bottom - smoothed.
Diameter orifice - 2.4- 1.7 em: dia meter bottom - 6.8 em: width -
4.5 em: height of the body - 4.5 em: height with the handle - 5.7
cm. Sq. C6. depth - 6.92 m. No. 1774. l listor ical Museum Pazardzhik
No. 4664. Figure 26.7: 7.
43. A pot-stand. Reddish and brown. irregular surface colo r, beige
and gray and beige spots outside and inside. Smoothed surface \\ ith-
out slip. Paste is semi-coa rse. Diameter bases - 9.2 cm: di ameter in
the middle pan - 6.5 em: height - 6 cm. House I. No. 1-13 7. His-
tor ical Museum Pazardzhi k No. 4044. Figure 26. 7: 8.
44. A pot-stand. Brov..'n up to black in some places color o r the
surface. spots outside and inside. The surface is slipped. in the middle
pan there are traces of burn ishing. smoothed outside. Paste is semi
fine. Diameter bases - 12.8 ern: maximum diameter - 16.5 em:
height - 10 em. 1louse 1. No. 138 1. Historical Museum Pazardzhi k
No. 3893. Figure 26.7: 9.
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::1, Tabl e 26.3. 1ullatsite fell. ' Classification of pottt")'. Late Challw lithic.
'J '
Nadezhda Todorova and I elichka Matsanova
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Table 2(j.6.1imatsite tell Classifi cation of pottery. Lat e Ch allcotittuc.
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Late Chalkolithic Ceramic Style at Yunatsite Tell
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r' /' himMatsanova and e sc Nadez hda Todorova
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Late Chalkolithic Ceramic Style at Yunatsite Tell
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Table 26.9. YUllatsite tell. Classification of pottery. Late Chalkolilhic.
.t5. An askos. Unique shape. Black color outside. in the lower part
single lighter. brown spots. brown inside. The surface is compactly
slipped. burnished to shining. only the back part or the vessel is
without slip. where it is unornarnented. very coarse. unsmoot hcd.
There are traces of cutti ng of the paste inside. Paste is semi-tine.
Brown biscu it. thin black strip. Length - 17 em: width - 14 em:
height- 4 em: maximum height - 7 em. House-l . No. 16M . Histori-
cal Museum Pazardzhik No. 4305. Figure 26.8: l ,
.J6. A depository . Brown. irregular color. dark brown and light brown
spots outside and inside. Surface without slip. evenly smoothed in
the upper part outs ide and insi de. the middle par t is roughed
Ibarbotine). Paste is semi-coarse to coarse. Additionallv attached
band at the bottom. Diameter or ifice - 39 em: diameter bottom -
11.8 em; height - 28 em. House 5. No. 1920. Historical Museum
Paza rdzhik No. 4749. Figure 26. 9:/.
47. A depository, Reddish and brown colo r out side. compact black
inside. The surface is with compact brown slip out side. evenly
smoothed. roughly treated. smoothed with a broom (?) inside. Paste
is semi-coarse (almost coarse). Black biscuit. brown strip towards
the outer wall. Diameter orifice - 14 em; diameter bouom -. 14 em:
maximum diameter - 35 em; height- .f9 em. Ilouse No. sFigure
26.9: 2.
48. A depository. Red and brown colo r outside and inside. The sur-
face is with slip and carefully smoothed in the upper part. smoothed
inside. The lower part is consciously roughed (barbotinc j. Coarse
paste. Red and brown biscuit. House 3. Figure 26. 9: J.
49. A depository. Brown. irregular color. single reddish and black
spots out side and inside. The surface is with slip and smoothed in
the upper part outside and inside. the rest part is roughed (barbotinc] .
Paste is coarse. Homogenous brown biscuit. Diameter ori fice - 28
em; maximum diameter - 40 em. Ilouse 12. Figure 16.9: 4.
36 1