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(Time allowed 60 minutes)

Read this passage and answer the questions, which follow.


In broad terms, the task of power electronics is to process and control the flow of
electric energy by supplying voltages and currents in a form that is optimally suited for user
load. Figure 1 shows power electronic system in a block diagram form. The power inputs to
this power processor is usually (but not always) from the electric utility at a line frequency of
60 or 50 Hz, single phase or three phases. The phase angle between the input voltage and the
current depends on the topology and the control of the power processor. The processed output
(voltage, current, frequency and the number of phase) is as desired by the load. If the power
processors output can be regarded as a voltage source, the output current and the phase angle
relationship between the output voltage and the current depend on the load characteristic.
Normally, a feedback controller compares the output of the power processor unit with a
desired (or a reference) value, and the error between the two is minimized by the controller.
The power flow through such systems may be reversible, thus interchanging the roles of the
input and the output. In recent years, the field of power electronics has experienced a large
growth due to confluence of several factors.
Questions:
1. What is best title of the passage?
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2. How does the power electronic work?

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3. What does the phase angle between the output voltage and the current depend on?

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4. What would happen if there is a deviation between the actual and the desired value?

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5. What does interchange the role of input and output ?

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Fill in the gaps with one suitable word.


The increased power capabilities, ease of control, and reduced costs (1) modern
power semiconductor devices compared to those of just a few years ago have made converters
affordable in ..(2) large number of applications and have opened up a host of new
converter topologies for power electronic applications. In order (3). clearly understand
the feasibility of these new topologies (4) applications, it is essential that the
characteristics of available power devices be put in perspective. If the power semiconductor
devices (5).. be considered as ideal switches, the analysis of converter topologies
(6). much easier. This approach (7).. the advantage that the details of device
operation will not obscure the basic operation of the circuit. Therefore, the important
converter characteristics can be (8) clearly understood. The summary of device
characteristics will enable us to determine how much the device (9).can be
idealized. Presently available power semiconductor ..(10)can be classified into three
groups according to their degree of controllability: Diodes, Thyristors and Controllable
switches.
Fill in blank with a suitable word or phrase.
1. ..are electronic switching devices.
2. A moving-coil meter contains a magnet and a
3. The inputs transducer converts changes in the physical variable into ......................
4. A wave has three quantities: amplitude, ...................... and phase.
5. The capacitance of a capacitor depends on 3 factors: the area of the plates, the distance between
them, and the ...................... which separates them.
6. There are two main sources of electromotive force: cells and..
7. The effects of an electric current are thermal, luminous, chemical and...................... .
8. can be used to break down water into hydrogen and oxygen.
9. A television camera contains a ......................, which is used to focus an image of the object on to
the face of the camera tube.
10. A signal from a transmitter may be propagated in three ways: by ground waves, by space waves
and by ......................

Combine each group of sentences to make a longer sentence


1. The current continues to rise.
The diode is destroyed by heat.
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Fluorescent lamp circuit also include a filter capacitor
The filter capacitor is fitted across the starter switch
The filter capacitor prevents radio interference
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3. Most resistors are made from two materials.


Resistance wire and compressed graphite are used.
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4. A fuse is the simplest and cheapest. protection
For accurate and repetitive operation a circuit breaker is used.
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5. The switch is closed.
Current flows through the transformer primary.
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Guided sentence building.


1. Material/ does not/ easy/ release/ electrons/ call/ insulator.
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2. Load/ convert/ electric/ energy/ from/ source/ some/ other/ form/ energy.
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3. When/ current/ flow/ conductor/ it/ may/ heat/ conductor.
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4. Oscilloscope/ not/ only/ show/ size/ signal/ also/ how/ signal/ varies/ time..
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5. Error sensor/ measure/ deviation/ actual/ desired/ value/ variable.
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