SCHOOL OF TOURISM

THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND

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COURSE DETAILS Course Code: Course Co- ordinator: Tutor: STUDENT DETAILS Student Number: Student Name: Email Address: Date Submitted: Work submitted may be subjected to a plagiarism detection process. If this process is used, then copies of this work would be retained and used as source material for conducting future plagiarism checks. 42520973 TAN YONGSHENG Yongsheng.tan@uq.edu.au 19 April 2012 TOUR1000 Course Name:

Principles of Tourism, Hospitality & Events Similarities & Differences Between Tourism & Hospitality
19 April 2012

Dr Noreen Breakey

Assignment Name: Assignment Due Date:

Marcus Curcija

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Table of Contents
1.0 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 2 2.0 DEFINITIONS .............................................................................................................................................. 2
2.1 DEFINITION OF HOSPITALITY SECTOR ....................................................................................................... 2 2.2 DEFINITION OF TOURISM SECTOR ................................................................................................................ 3 Table 1.1 Definitions of tourism by the World Tourism Organization ........................................................ 3

3.0 SIMILARIITIES BETWEEN HOSPITALITY & TOURISM SECTOR .................................................... 5

Figure 1.1 Tourism products ..................................................................................................................................... 5

4.0 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HOSPITALITY & TOURISM MANAGEMENT ......................................... 6

Table 1.2: Classification of Travellers. ................................................................................................................... 7

5.0 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................................. 7 6.0 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................. 9

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1.0 INTRODUCTION
Tourism is closely related to other areas of study that also make claims on tourism activity. Hospitality also laid claims to part ownership of tourism studies, and some see tourism as a subset of their academic area of expertise. The purpose of this research paper is to provide the reader with a clear understanding with regards to the similarities and differences between tourism and hospitality. Definitions will be presented in order to be usable for this research in the similarities and dissimilarities of tourism and hospitality. This paper will highlight the relationship between these two sectors and how each sectors component is connected with one another in order to determine the relationship between these two sectors.

2.0 DEFINITIONS
2.1 DEFINITION OF HOSPITALITY SECTOR
The hospitality sector comprises of two components: food and beverages, and accommodation. Regardless of whether travelers are on a tight budget or have unlimited financial resources, or whether they are travelling with a preplanned itinerary as a group or independently with no fixed itinerary, as they all have one common trait, their need for food and beverage and accommodation. (Merriam Webster, 2012) dictionary defined hospitality as a generous and friendly treatment of visitors and guests, the activity of providing food, drinks etc. According to (Lashey, 2000) the joint Hospitality industry Congress defines hospitality as The provision of food and/or drink and/or accommodation away from home. The (Higher Education Funding Council, 1998) Englands hospitality Review Panel defined hospitality as being the provision of food and/or drink and/or accommodation in a service context. Nottingham group (Scaroato, 2002) framework, endorses a hospitality-centered vision of food and drink consumption to the point that eating and drinking are defined as 'hospitality related activities. Heal (Heal, 1990) highlighted the roles which hospitality played in history, such as redistributing food and drinks to neighbors and to the poor which helped build social cohesion. Based on all the theories gathered, we can safely suggest that the definition of hospitality involves both food and beverages and accommodation away from home on top of the friendly treatment towards visitors and guests.

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2.2

DEFINITION OF TOURISM SECTOR

Smith (1988) defines tourism with a focus on a supply side definition that pays particular attention to the amenities. (Merriam Webster, 2012) dictionary defined tourism as the activity of travelling to a place for pleasure and the business of providing hotels, restaurants, entertainment, etc., for people who are travelling. F.W. Ogilvie defined tourism back in 1933 as all persons who satisfy two conditions, that they are away from home for any period of less than a year and, second that while they are away they spend money in the place they visit without earning it there. (Ogilvie 1933, p.6) Professor Hunziker of Berne University defined tourism as, Sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from the travel and stay of non-residents in so far as they are not earning in the destination or do not lead to permanent residence (Hunziker, 1951). The definition of tourism as used by the UN and the WTO (World Tourism Organization, 2012) states "Tourism comprises the activities of persons travelling outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for business, leisure and other purposes. World Tourism Organization held an International conference on travel and tourism in Ottawa in June 1991, defining the terms visitor, tourist and same-day tourist as shown in Table 1.1.

Table 1.1 Definitions of tourism by the World Tourism Organization

International Tourism Visitor Domestic Tourism A person who travels to a country other than A person residing in a country, who that in which he/she has his/her usual travels to a place within the country, but environment, for a period not exceeding one outside his/her usual environment, for a year, and whose main purpose of visit is other period exceeding six months, and than the exercise of an activity remunerated whose main purpose of visit is other from within the country visited. than the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited. Tourist A visitor who travels to a country other than A visitor residing in a country, who that in which he/she has his/her usual travels to a place within the country, but residence for at least one night but not more outside his/her usual environment, for than one year, whose main purpose of visit is at least one night but not more than six

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other than the exercise of an activity months, and whose main purpose of remunerated from within the country visited. visit is other than the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the country visited. Excursionist A visitor residing in a country who travels the A visitor who travels to a place within same day to a country other than that in which the country but outside his/her usual he/she has his/her usual environment for less environment, for less than 24 hours than 24 hours without spending the night in without spending the night in the place the country visited and whose main purpose visited, and whose main purpose of visit of visit is other than the exercise of an activity is other than the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the country visited. remunerated from within the place visited. Source: (World Tourism Organization, 1991) Based on all the definitions gathered, we can safely suggest that the general definition of Tourism involves people travelling away from home to a country other than he/she resides in, spending money in the destination without earning.

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3.0 SIMILARIITIES BETWEEN HOSPITALITY & TOURISM SECTOR

Tourism products are composite in nature and include everything tourists see, experience, feel and purchase from the time they leave home until the time they return. Figure. 1.1 outlines the vital component of the tourism products (French, 2000) provided by the service industry.

Figure 1.1 Tourism products

Sources: Principles of Tourism (2000) As we explore further in the Tourism sector, we can see a close relationship between Hospitality & Tourism. The accommodation component, as a matter of fact, is common to both sectors. Based on the definition of tourism defined earlier, anybody who travels away from home to another country undertakes tourism. Most travellers will stay in a commercial accommodation, such as hotels, motels, resorts and bed & breakfast. In other words, these sectors are intimately involved with one another since hospitality involves accommodation and both sectors have close relations with accommodation, regardless of which sector we look at. As such, people working in accommodation facilities have
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involvement with both tourism and hospitality. Several components in tourism products (Fig 1.1) also suggest a close relationship with hospitality. Each component has a connection with one another. To ensure that a customer is satisfied with the tourism services, we need hospitality applied in food and beverages, this will ensure that the customer is well treated during his/her breakfast, lunch, dinner or others. Transportation (Jugovi, 2010) also plays a vital role in providing a comfortable journey for tourists in the context of hospitality. Several other components such as attractions and entertainment can be applied under hospitality in order to provide a friendly treatment to visitors and guests as suggested earlier.

4.0 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HOSPITALITY & TOURISM MANAGEMENT

Hospitality has been closely associated with tourism but differs in many aspects as well and has remarkably different connotations. As aforementioned, tourism must involve a person travelling away from home environment to another country for at least 24 hours. One would inevitably have to stay in a commercial accommodation such as hotels overnight; we can also use hotels for dining or drinking purposes with friends and family. Whilst hotels mainly provide for tourists; they also cater for the local community using food and beverages, offering entertainment at the same time. As we already suggested, tourism only takes place when one travels away from home to another country for a period of at least 24 hours or one night. Brisbane residents making a 6-hour day visit Gold coast does not relate them with tourism because these people do not require accommodation they return home the same day they set off. However, they may still purchase food and beverages, using public toilets and visit attractions just like a tourist. These people are considered as day-tripper or excursionists since minimum or no demands (Omerzel, 2011) are place on accommodation. To further identify elements of hospitality that are not part of tourism, table 1.2 will illustrate the classification of travellers.

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Table 1.2: Classification of Travellers.

Day-Tripper or Excursionists Visitors not included in tourism statistics Cruise passengers Cruise passengers normally Transit passengers Transit passengers do not visit the destination for a period of time and return leave the transit area at the airport or the port. In to the cruise thus no accommodation is spent on certain countries, transit might involve a stay of the hospitality industry. one day or more. In this case, they should be included in the visitors statistics. Crews Crews who are not residents of the Members of the Armed Forces Travelling only country visited and who stay in the country for the take place from the origin country to the duty day before returning. Day visitors Visitors who come and leave on the same day. station.

Day-tripper and Excursionists are visitors who might stay (Byrd, 2008) in the country during one day or more but not necessarily stay in an accommodation. Therefore, there are elements of hotels and hospitality that are not part of tourism.

5.0 CONCLUSION
Majority of the tourists will spend the largest part of their trips expenditure on food, beverages and accommodation. However, hospitality still plays a crucial role in the tourism industry. Although there are different definitions for Tourism and Hospitality, but there are some components that are commonly found in both the tourism and hospitality sectors. These common components are accommodation, food and beverages, transportation and entertainment providing excellent services by the operator in the hospitality sector. No doubt there are differences in relation to tourism and hospitality; hospitality is ultimately a subset of the tourism industry that provides services to all tourists and visitors. The importance of hospitality is to encourage guests to visit again and subsequently becoming regular customers. People are not just looking at facilities or the price offered, but also at the services provided
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in the tourism industry. If the guests are satisfied with the service and had a pleasant experience, they might come back and even promote the services to others. Tourism related companies must emphasize hospitality in order to succeed. Tourism is not entirely providing facilities to guests; hospitality and services are the main key that will determine the success of the tourism company.

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6.0 REFERENCES
Byrd, E. C. (2008). Factors of stakeholder understanding of tourism: The case of Eastern North Carolina. In Tourism & Hospitality Research (Vol. 8, pp. 192-204). Hospitality & Tourism Complete, EBSCOhost. French, C. C.-S. (2000). Principles of Tourism (2nd ed) . New-South Wales, Australia: Pearson Education Australia. Heal, F. (1990). Hospitality in Early Modern England. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Higher Education Funding Council. (1998). Review of Hospitality Management. London: Higher Education Funding . Hunziker, W. (1951). Social Tourism: Its Nature and Problems,. Alliance International de Tourism, Geneva. Jugovi, A. K. (2010). Choice Of Destination, Accommodation And Transportation In Times Of Economic Crisis. Tourism & Hospitality Management , 16 (2), 165-180. Lashey, C. (2000). In search for hospitality: towards a theoretical framework. International Journal of Hospitality Management , 19 (1), 3-15. Merriam Webster. (2012). Merriam Webster Learners Dictionary. Retrieved April 7, 2012, from Merriam Webster: http://www.learnersdictionary.com/search/tourism Merriam Webster. (2012). Merriam Webster Learners Dictionary. Retrieved April 7, 2012, from http://www.learnersdictionary.com/search/hospitality. Omerzel, D. (2011). 'Stakeholders' Understanding Of Factors Influencing Tourism Demand Conditions: The Case Of Slovenia. Tourism & Hospitality Management , 17 (1), 1-17. Scaroato, R. (2002). Gastronomy Studies in Search of Hospitality (Vol. 9). World Tourism Organization. (2012). Facts & Figures Information, analysis and know-how. Retrieved from World Tourism Organization: http://www.unwto.org/facts/menu.html

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World Tourism Organization. (1991). Resolutions of International Conference on Travel and Tourism (Recommendation No. 29). Ottawa, Canada.

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